Introduction to Music

Review Music in Baroque Society Fugue Baroque Dance Concerto Grosso and Ritornello Form

Opera an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text (called a libretto) and musical score, usually in a theatrical setting. Opera incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre, such as acting, scenery, and costumes and sometimes includes dance.

Opera Drama sung to orchestral accompaniment

Opera Drama sung to orchestral accompaniment Text called libretto

Opera Drama sung to orchestral accompaniment Text called libretto Can be serious, comic, or both

Opera Drama sung to orchestral accompaniment Text called libretto Can be serious, comic, or both Recitative presents plot material

Opera Drama sung to orchestral accompaniment Text called libretto Can be serious, comic, or both Recitative presents plot material Aria expresses emotion usually a show-off vehicle for the solo singer

Opera Chorus: groups of actors playing crowd parts

Opera Chorus: groups of actors playing crowd parts The prompter gives cues to singers

Opera Chorus: groups of actors playing crowd parts The prompter gives cues to singers Orchestra pit sunken area in front of stage

Opera Chorus: groups of actors playing crowd parts The prompter gives cues to singers Orchestra pit sunken area in front of stage Prelude or overture preludes for opera acts

Opera Chorus: groups of actors playing crowd parts The prompter gives cues to singers Orchestra pit sunken area in front of stage Prelude or overture preludes for opera acts Modern questions concerning text in opera Translation of text and effects upon text painting

Opera in the Baroque Era Roots in the Camerata in Florence

Opera in the Baroque Era Roots in the Camerata in Florence First known opera: Euridice (Peri 1600)

Opera in the Baroque Era Roots in the Camerata in Florence Orfeo (Monteverdi 1607) First known opera: Euridice (Peri 1600)

Opera in the Baroque Era Roots in the Camerata in Florence Orfeo (Monteverdi 1607) First known opera: Euridice (Peri 1600) Opera composed for court ceremonies

Opera in the Baroque Era Roots in the Camerata in Florence Orfeo (Monteverdi 1607) First known opera: Euridice (Peri 1600) Opera composed for court ceremonies First public opera house in Venice 1637

Opera in the Baroque Era Roots in the Camerata in Florence Orfeo (Monteverdi 1607) First known opera: Euridice (Peri 1600) Opera composed for court ceremonies First public opera house in Venice 1637 Rise of virtuoso singer chief was castrato

Opera in the Baroque Era Roots in the Camerata in Florence Orfeo (Monteverdi 1607) Secco vs accompanied recitative First known opera: Euridice (Peri 1600) Opera composed for court ceremonies First public opera house in Venice 1637 Rise of virtuoso singer chief was castrato

Claudio Monteverdi Italian early Baroque composer

Claudio Monteverdi Italian early Baroque composer Wrote first great operatic work, Orfeo

Claudio Monteverdi Italian early Baroque composer Wrote first great operatic work, Orfeo Worked last 30 years at St. Mark s in Venice

Claudio Monteverdi Italian early Baroque composer Wrote first great operatic work, Orfeo Worked last 30 years at St. Mark s in Venice Composed both sacred music and secular music for the aristocracy

Monteverdi: Act 1, Scene 3 from L incoronazione di Poppea Poppea and Nero s first duet, after a night of passionate love. She begs him not to leave, and flatters his over-bloated ego in the hope of extracting a promise that he will repudiate Ottavia and marry her. Note extensive use of secco recitative

Monteverdi: Act 1, Scene 3 from L incoronazione di Poppea

Henry Purcell English composer

Henry Purcell English composer Highly regarded, held court positions

Henry Purcell English composer Highly regarded, held court positions Buried beneath the organ in Westminster Abbey

Henry Purcell English composer Highly regarded, held court positions Buried beneath the organ in Westminster Abbey Composed Dido and Aeneas, famous Baroque Opera

Henry Purcell Ground Bass

Henry Purcell Ground Bass Repeated musical idea in bass

Henry Purcell Ground Bass Repeated musical idea in bass Variation form melodies above change

Henry Purcell Ground Bass Repeated musical idea in bass Variation form melodies above change Also called basso ostinato

Henry Purcell Ground Bass Repeated musical idea in bass Variation form melodies above change Also called basso ostinato Recitative followed by aria

Henry Purcell Ground Bass Repeated musical idea in bass Variation form melodies above change Also called basso ostinato Recitative followed by aria Aria makes use of ground bass

Purcell: Dido s Lament from Dido and Aeneas

Baroque Sonata Multi-movement instrumental piece for one to eight instruments

Baroque Sonata Multi-movement instrumental piece for one to eight instruments Trio sonata

Baroque Sonata Multi-movement instrumental piece for one to eight instruments Trio sonata Basso continuo and two melodic lines above

Baroque Sonata Multi-movement instrumental piece for one to eight instruments Trio sonata Basso continuo and two melodic lines above Three parts performed by four players

Baroque Sonata Sonata da chiesa church sonata (dignified)

Baroque Sonata Sonata da chiesa church sonata (dignified) Sonata du camera chamber sonata (more dance-like, intended for court performance)

C.P.E. Bach Son of J.S. Bach

C.P.E. Bach Son of J.S. Bach Late Baroque, early Classical

C.P.E. Bach Son of J.S. Bach Late Baroque, early Classical Works are transition between his father s Baroque style and new Classical aesthetic

C.P.E Bach: Trio sonata for flute, violin & basso continuo in D minor Polyphonic texture

C.P.E Bach: Trio sonata for flute, violin & basso continuo in D minor Polyphonic texture Multi-movement work

C.P.E Bach: Trio sonata for flute, violin & basso continuo in D minor Polyphonic texture Multi-movement work Contrast between movements

C.P.E Bach: Trio sonata for flute, violin & basso continuo in D minor Polyphonic texture Multi-movement work Contrast between movements First movement Binary form

C.P.E Bach: Trio sonata for flute, violin & BC in D minor

Antonio Vivaldi Late Baroque Italian composer

Antonio Vivaldi Late Baroque Italian composer Il prete rosso (red priest)

Antonio Vivaldi Late Baroque Italian composer Il prete rosso (red priest) Taught music at girls orphanage in Venice

Antonio Vivaldi Late Baroque Italian composer Il prete rosso (red priest) Taught music at girls orphanage in Venice Wrote sacred and secular vocal and instrumental music

Antonio Vivaldi Late Baroque Italian composer Il prete rosso (red priest) Taught music at girls orphanage in Venice Wrote sacred and secular vocal and instrumental music Famous as a virtuoso violinist & composer

Vivaldi: Spring from The Four Seasons Concerto for violin and string orchestra

Vivaldi: Spring from The Four Seasons Concerto for violin and string orchestra Polyphonic texture & ritornello form

Vivaldi: Spring from The Four Seasons Concerto for violin and string orchestra Polyphonic texture & ritornello form Baroque program music

Vivaldi: Spring from The Four Seasons Concerto for violin and string orchestra Polyphonic texture & ritornello form Baroque program music Descriptive effects (trills for bird songs, string tremolos for thunder)

Vivaldi: Spring from The Four Seasons

Looking Ahead Johann Sebastian Bach Baroque Suite Organ Music Oratorio George Frideric Handel Chorale and Church Cantata