Literature Reviews, SOTA, Citations, and References EGR 386W

Transcription

1 Literature Reviews, SOTA, Citations, and References EGR 386W

2 What is a Lit. Review? A critical synthesis of the research on a particular topic Offers a summary of sources regarding a topic Discusses the following: What has been done? What do we already know? What needs to be done?

3 Synthesizing Research

4 Why Read/Write Lit. Reviews? To understand the existing research on a topic To stay up-to-date on current knowledge To offer information to readers with limited time To draw conclusions regarding the body of research itself Research shows strong evidence for the benefits of prescribed burns. Research on prescribed burns focuses mostly on but is lacking in the area of To illuminate need for further research

5 State of the Art Lit. Reviews Emphasizes most up-to-date research Shows trends in most recent literature on a topic What has been tried before? What does recent research center on? Identify gaps in available technologies and solutions May highlight the need for further research

6 Lit. Review Sections Most project document will include: An Introduction Identifies & explains the problem to be addressed Describes problem using existing facts A Background States the need backed with examples from your research Summarizes a history that led to your project

7 Lit Review Sections (cont.) A Conclusion Readdresses the purpose statement Examines the following: Your current understanding of the topic How the available/lack of research on the topic has provided/affected the understanding of the topic Whether it is difficult to draw conclusions due to the research available

8 Why do we cite? To make yourself believable To show your familiarity with the field To convey authority To promote validity using the existing information To exhibit professionalism To acknowledge intellectual property To protect against plagiarism

9 What not to cite General Knowledge Well-Known Sayings Never use clichés Obvious Conclusions The chief engineer stated, It must have failed.

10 Errors to Avoid Simply not understanding the assignment Copy/Pasting database information from the internet HTLM Code gets pasted into the document with unforeseen results The font does not match document font YOU must write your own document Any document with your name on it means that you actually understand what is written

11 Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineer (IEEE) Formatting E.g., Margins, Font, Spacing, Page Numbers Organization Table of Contents List and Figures/List of Tables Consecutive Numbering of Parts Tables, Figures, and Illustrations In-Text Citations References or Bibliography

12 In-Text Citation Format After a fact In 2001, the cisterns in Flagstaff collected up to 200 liters of water a month [1]. Preferred [1], [3], [5] [1] - [5] Acceptable [1, 3, 5] [1-5] Before a quote. According to [2] cisterns are the most effective method of saving water for the individual household. As an example. Cisterns have been used effectively in a wide variety of climates, see [3],[4],[5].

13 Citation Format Order List the references by order the notes appear in the text If a source is used more than once, list the first number as the endnote Do NOT list a single work more than once in the references Fonts Use the same font and size as the rest of the document No superscripting, which is default in MS Word E.g., 2 nd ed. vs. 2nd ed.

14 References Listing Examples Book R.J. Larsen and M.L. Marx, An Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, in Statistics, 2nd ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall,1988. Personal communication R.N. Smith, General Motors Corporation, personal communication, Feb Patent J.P. Wilkinson, Nonlinear Resonant Circuit Devices, U.S. Patent July 16, 1990.

15 References Listing Examples Journal article D. Antanaitis et al., Brake System and Subsystem Design Considerations for Race Track and High Energy Usage Based on Fade Limits, SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars, Berlin, Germany, vol. 33, pp. 5-18, Jan doi: [ ] Magazine article J.R. Veen and J. Pan, Standardized Test Procedures for Small Reverberation Room, Sound and Vibration, vol. 5, pp.18-20, Dec, 2005.

16 References Listing Examples Conference paper S. Otsuki et al., Hydrocarbons Speciation of Automotive Emissions Using High Speed Gas Chromatography, Engineering Society Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, Detroit, 1979, pp Conference/Journal paper, no paper number or DOI (which is very common) P. Saha et al., Thoughts Behind Developing a Small Reverberation Room- Based Sound Absorption Test Method for the Automotive Industry, in Noise Conference 2008, Chicago, 2008.

17 References Listing Examples Government Publication I o Australian Bureau of Statistics, Engineering Construction Activity (cat. no ). Canberra: ABS, [Online]. Available from AusStats, [Accessed: Sept. 7, 2010]. Government Publication II o Australia. Department of of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations, Survey on Changes in Awareness and Understanding of Science, Engineering and Technology: Report on findings. Canberra: ABS, [Online]. Available: 3CF EEC-B104-C947C6C18029/23713/ SurveyonChangesinawarenessunderstandingofSET.pdf. [Accessed: Sept. 7, 2010].

18 References Listing Examples Electronic Journal T. Browning "Embedded visuals: Student design in web spaces," Kairos, [online] vol. 3, Available: /browning/index. html. Thesis and Dissertation S. Birch, "Dolphin-human interaction effects : frequency mediated psychophysiological responses in biological systems," Ph.D. dissertation, Monash University, Clayton, Australia, 1997.

19 DOI - Digital Object Identifier Use DOI at the end of a citation if source is not paginated Created in 2000 to aid in finding technical articles on internet Earlier papers will not have a DOI To find the DOI associated with a reference, use the free search feature at