1. PROBLEM ASSIGNED TO STUDENTS

Transcription

1 1. PROBLEM ASSIGNED TO STUDENTS 2. STUDENTS GROUPS FORMED 3.SUPERVISOR TEAMS ASSIGNED TO THE PERFORM LITERATURE REVIEW 1. PROPERTIES, USE AND ECONOMICS OF PRODUCT 2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 3. ALTERNATIVE PROCESS ROUTES 4. SAFETY ISSUES 5. ENVIRONMENT ISSUES CHOOSE THE BEST PROCESS ROUTE SUMMISSION OF INTERIM REPORT CONCEPTUAL DESIGN DETAILED MATERIAL BALANCE SUMMISSION OF INTERIM REPORT DETAILED ENERGY BALANCE SUMMISSION OF INTERIM REPORT FINAL EXAM: ORAL PRESENTATION

2 8 INTERIM REPORT Students are expected to submit their in-term reports as provided in the Gantt Chart. 8.1 Format Language The report must be written in English Language Font and spacing All text should be one and half spacing (Times New Roman regular font style, size 12) written on a white A4 paper on one side of each sheet. The following however should be single spaced: Foot notes Tables and figures Length The length of report should be not less than 50 and not more than 100 pages of (excluding appendices). Students are encouraged to use brief and straightforward wording and avoid jargon as much as possible. The number of pages for the appendices is unlimited Numbering All pages should be numbered in proper sequence from introduction to the end of the report. Page number must be positioned at the bottom and centered Heading and Margin Major headings, such as INTRODUCTION, should be capitals, bold and font size 14. Secondary headings such as Example, should be in bold. The top, bottom, and right margins are 1 inch except for the left margin, which is 1.3 inch Mathematical Text

3 Mathematical text must be spaced out; superscript and subscript must be clearly shown. All equations, terms and symbols must be written in italic Tables and Figures Tables and figures less than a page in size should be inserted into the text near the point of reference. Tables should not be carried over to the next page. Margin limits are the same as text full-page. All tables and figures should be numbered and captioned consecutively. Table heading should be positioned at the top middle of each table. The figure heading should be positioned at the bottom middle of each figure Bindings The report must be presented in an ABBA Lever Arch Files (404 Standard). 8.2 Contents Title Page The title page should be set out in accordance with the attached specimen sheet in Appendix II. The project title should be clearly and precisely defined as has been assigned by the PDPC Certification This section should be approved by supervisor after he/she has satisfied with the correction or amendment done by the student. See Appendix III for specimen sheet Acknowledgements Most design teams obtain considerable assistance and advice from supervisors, industrial consultants, librarians, faculty and fellow students. This section provides an opportunity to acknowledge their contributions with an expression of appreciation and thanks Table of Contents All sections in the report should be listed, including the page numbers on which they begin. Hence, all pages in the report, without exception, must be numbered. Each main section must begin with a new page.

4 8.2.5 Executive Summary The students should highlight all the important features of the report from the technical reasons for undertaking the study to the conclusion. Remember that most readers only read the summaries of reports and every word counts. Avoid padding phrases and phrases that refer to the reports Main Body The main body of the report must be composed of the following chapters: Chapter 1: Introduction Background of the design project, problem statement, objectives, scopes of work. Chapter 2: Literature Review Carry out research to uncover the latest information on feed and product properties, product price, market and possible site locations that may lead to a more profitable design. Literature resources include encyclopedias, handbooks, journals, reports, indexes and even World Wide Web (Internet). Standard method for quoting must be implemented and standardize throughout the report. Chapter 3: Preliminary Hazards Analysis The preliminary hazard analysis should be carried out during feasibility study to define/determine safety-related aspects that influence the design. The study should cover the following points: Summary of previous accidents on similar type of plants. Identification of material and chemical hazards in the process such as feed, intermediates, products and by-products, flammability data, toxicity data, chemical interactions etc. Compile all MSDS in the appendix session. Discussion on the possibility to reduce potential consequences of an accident by considering inherent safety aspects such as substitute hazardous chemicals, reduce inventories, lower pressure and temperatures, safe location, siting, plant layout and transportation.

5 Identification of any requirement/compliance by local safety regulations and design guidelines Chapter 4: Conceptual Design Analysis To evaluate few alternative processes and select the best process among them for the design. 4.1 Preliminary Reactor Optimization To optimize the reactor conversion, selectivity and yield with appropriate recycle block by performing economic potential analysis based on a simple reactor cost model. 4.2 Process Screening Developed few process alternatives based on the separation train sequence using heuristic approach or minimum vapor flow approach. Perform preliminary mass balance, which must be manually done in spreadsheet (block form). No ICON simulation should be used here. Evaluate the alternatives and select the best configuration with appropriate justifications. 4.4 Process Flowsheeting Performing the detailed process flowsheet based on the selected process with their interconnections (involving the reaction, separation, and temperature and pressure-change operations). A complete Process Flow Diagram (PFD) must be generated. Process Flow Diagram should be drawn on A1 size paper, then folded and inserted in A4 sized plastic wallets, along with the report. All streams are numbered clearly and all the process units are labelled. In addition, the drawing should contain a material balance block - that is a table showing for each numbered stream: Total flow rate Flow rate of each chemical species Temperature Pressure and other important properties e.g. enthalpy, density etc. All units must be reported in SI.

6 Chapter 6: Process Flowsheeting Produce a full description of the finalized PFD after heat integration Conclusion and Recommendation This section is important as it reflects the essence of the report. Hence, the highlights from Introduction and Theory sections should be included References All references should be cited according to Harvard system. References including sources of physical data should be listed. The following method of referencing must be followed. In the text refer to the work by the last name of the author followed by the year in brackets. If there are 2 authors give the last name of both the authors. If there are more than 2 authors give the last name of the first author followed by et.al. In the bibliography list all the references in the alphabetical order of the last name of the first author. All the authors must be listed as shown in the examples below, followed by year in bracket, the name of the article or book, Name of the Journal, Volume, No and page No. In the case of books the name of the book, edition and publisher should follow the name of the author and year. For example: Nozhevnikova et. al (1997) has discussed the methanogenesis reactions taking place in natural environments. Abu-Absi and Actis (1999) give a detailed description of different reactions taking place in an anaerobic reactor. Metcalf and Eddy (1991) discussed about the operational aspects of anaerobic reactions. Otton(1998) has presented results on anaerobic digestion in fluidised bed reactors. Adam (2000) gives some interesting insights into the natural anaerobic processes. Listing of these references is as shown below. References 1. Abu-Absi, N.R. and L.A. Actis (1999), Encyclopaedia of Bioprocess Technology: Fermentation, Bio Catalysis and Bio Separation, Vol 1, John Wiley and Sons, New York.

7 2. Adam, D. (2000), Where there is muck there is gas, (date last access) 3. Metcalf. C and R. Eddy (1991), Wastewater Engineering: Treatment, Disposal and Reuse, 3 rd Ed., Mc-Graw Hill Inc, New York. 4. Nozhevnikova, A.N., C.Hollinger, A.Amman and A. J. B Zehnder (1997), Methanogenesis in Sediments from Deep lakes at Different Temperatures (2-70 o C), Water Science and Technology, Vol 36, No 3, pp Otton, V. (1998), Anaerobic Digestion in Fluidised Bed Reactor, MSc Thesis, Institute National Polytechnik, Grenoble Appendices Lengthy calculations, figures, results from programming, derivation of design data, etc. should be enclosed in the appendices. Students must provide a clear explanation and the author name for each calculation. The Process Flow Diagram (PFD) should be drawn in an A1-size paper. The drawing should then be folded and inserted in an A4- size plastic pocket as part of the interim report.