182 BIBLIOGRAPHY Barrett Browning, E. (1993). Aurora Leigh. Ed. K. McSweeney. Oxford: Oxford University Beaumont, M. (Ed.) (2007). Adventures in Reali

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7 BIBLIOGRAPHY 187 Rena-Dozier, E. (2006). Novel Histories: The Rise of the Novel in the Nineteenth-Century. Diss. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago. Riede, D. (1992). Dante Gabriel Rossetti Revisited. New York: Twayne Publishers. Rignall, J. (Ed.) (2000). Oxford Reader s Companion to George Eliot. Oxford: Oxford University Rosen, C. and Zerner, H. (1984). Romanticism and Realism: The Mythology of Nineteenth-Century Art. New York: Viking. Rossetti, W. M. (Ed.) (1901). The Germ: Thoughts Towards Nature in Poetry, Literature and Art. London: Elliot Stock. Facsimile. (2006). Teddington, Middlesex UK: Echo Library. Rossetti, D. G. (1999a). Hand and Soul. In J. Marsh (Ed.), Dante Gabriel Rossetti: Collected Writings. London: J.M. Dent. Rossetti, D. G. (1999b). The Portrait. In J. Marsh (Ed.), Dante Gabriel Rossetti: Collected Writings. London: J.M. Dent. Rossetti, D. G. (2008). Jenny. The Rossetti Archive. Available from rossettiarchive.org. Accessed September 11, Rossetti, W. M. (1867). Fine Art, Chiefly Contemporary. London and Cambridge: Macmillan and Co. Rossetti, W. M. (1975). The P.R.B. Journal: William Michael Rossetti s Diary of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood Ed. W. Fredeman. Oxford: Clarendon Ruskin, J. (1851). The Pre-Raffaelites. London Times, Letter to the Editor, May 13, pp Ruskin, J. (1906). Pre-Raphaelitism and Other Essays and Lectures on Art with Introduction by Laurence Binyon. London, J.M. Dent & Col. Ruskin, J. (1987). Modern Painters. Ed. D. Barrie. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. Ruskin, J. (1998). The Genius of John Ruskin: Selections from his Writings. Ed. J. D. Rosenberg. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Ruskin, J. (2004). Selected Writings. Ed. D. Birch. Oxford: Oxford University Ruskin, J. (2007). On the Old Road Volume 2 (of 2). Available from gutenberg.org. Accessed September 11, Ruskin, J. (2010). The Complete Works of John Ruskin. Ed. E. T. Cook and A. Wedderburn. London: George Allen. Shires, L. (2009). Perspectives: Modes of Viewing and Knowing in Nineteenth- Century England. Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University Siegel, J. (2000). Desire & Excess: The Nineteenth-Century Culture of Art. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Smith, L. (1995). Victorian Photography, Painting and Poetry: The Enigma of Visibility in Ruskin, Morris and the Pre-Raphaelites. Cambridge: Cambridge University

8 188 BIBLIOGRAPHY Smith, R. (2013). Blazing a Trail for Hypnotic Hyper-Realism: Pre-Raphaelites at the National Gallery of Art. New York Times, March nytimes.com/2013/03/29/arts/design/pre-raphaelites-at-national-galleryof-art.html. Stone, M. (1987). Genre Subversion and Gender Inversion: The Princess and Aurora Leigh. Victorian Poetry, 25(2), Sullivan, W. J. (1972, March). Piero di Cosimo and the Higher Primitivism in Romola. Nineteenth-Century Fiction, 26(4), Sussman, H. (1995). Victorian Masculinities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Teukolsky, R. (2013). The Literate Eye: Victorian Art Writing and Modern Aesthetics. Oxford: Oxford University Trollope, A. (1950). Barchester Towers and The Warden. Ed. H. Hatcher. New York: Random House. Watt, I. (1957). The Rise of the Novel. Berkeley, CA: University of California Werner, M. (2005). Pre-Raphaelite Painting and Nineteenth-Century Realism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Wilde, O. (2008). The Picture of Dorian Gray. Ed. J. Bristow. Oxford: Oxford University Williams, I. (1974). The Realist Novel in England. London: Macmillan. Witemeyer, H. (1979). George Eliot and the Visual Arts. New Haven, CT: Yale University Wolff, R. L. (1979). Sensational Victorian: The Life & Fiction of Mary Elizabeth Braddon. New York: Garland Publishing. Wood, E. (1894). Dante Rossetti and the Pre-Raphaelite Movement. London: Sampson Low, Marston and Co., Ltd., St. Dunstan s House.

9 INDEX A acting, see realism, and performance actor characters, 11, , 108, 139 Agassiz, Louis, 113n21 Armstrong, Nancy, 6, 14n1, 96, 97, 137 artist characters, 13, 52 53, 58 59, 74 in Andrea del Sarto, 13, 116, 119, 122, 127, 130 in Aurora Leigh, 11, 13, 52 54, 56 59, 60 68, 71, 74 76, 77n12, 132, 133, 159 in Eleanor s Victory, 14, 170 in Fra Lippo Lippi, 13, 116, 117, 119, , 124, 127, 130, 143 in Hand and Soul, in Hide and Seek, 14, 148, 152, 153, 161, 164, 169 in John Marchmont s Legacy, 14, 162, 163, 167 The Lady s Mile, 170 in Little Dorrit, 25 in New Grub Street, 176, 177, 179 in North Devon, 13, 79, 91, , 104, 108, 110 in Pictor Ignotus, 13, 116, 119, 121, , 127, in Romola, 11, 13, 39, 95, , , in Trilby, 175, 176 in Two Years Ago, 13, 79, 80, 84, 90, 91, 94, 103, 108, 110 in Yeast, 13, 79 80, 87 91, 94 96, , , , 110 B Bakhtin, Mikhail, 48n7 Barrett Browning, Elizabeth, 11, 12, 13, 52 53, 54 55, 56, 57 59, 60, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 74, 75 76, 79 80, 85, 95, 111n4, 116, 132, 133, 134, 143, 148, 157 Aurora Leigh, 60 (also see artist characters in) Boucicault, Dion, 113n20 The Author(s) 2016 D. Brown, Representing Realists in Victorian Literature and Criticism, Palgrave Studies in Nineteenth-Century Writing and Culture, DOI /

10 190 INDEX Braddon, Mary Elizabeth, 12, 14, , 152, , 170, The Doctor s Wife, 147, 162 Eleanor s Victory, 162, 166 John Marchmont s Legacy, 14, 162, 163 Joshua Haggard s Daughter, 162 Lady Audley s Secret, 162 The Lady s Mile, 170 Brantlinger, Patrick, , 158, 161, 166, 172 Brontë, Anne, See also The Tenant of Wildfell Hall Brontë, Charlotte, 10, 53 54, 78n12 Brontë, Emily, Browning, Robert, 9, 12, 13, 38, 56, 85, 110, 116, 148 Andrea del Sarto (see artist characters in) Fra Lippo Lippi (see artist characters in) Pictor Ignotus (see artist characters in) Byerly, Alison, 15n8, 59, 67 C Carlyle, Thomas, 54, 55 56, 58, 76, 85, 88, 93, 100, 157 Christ in the House of His Parents, see Millais, John Everett Christianity, 3, 8, 9, 13, 16n12, 19, 53, 54, 55, 56, 65, 66, 82, 90, 103, 110, 118, 120, 133, 134, 141, 145n6, 145n7, 152, 165, 166, 171, 172 Collins, Charles Allston, 49n9, 153 Collins, Wilkie, 12, 14, 49n9, 148, , 160, , Antonina, 151 Hide and Seek, 14, 148, 152, 153, 161, 164, 169 (see also artist characters in) Poor Miss Finch, 151 The Woman in White, 152, 162 Collins, William, R.A., 153, 154, 173n8 colonization, 97 98, 103 competition, see realism, and performance consensus, see realism and Courbet, Gustave, see realism (French) Crary, Jonathan, 6, 7, 87 D Danae myth, 69, 71, 78n12 Delacroix, Eugène, 52, 56, 75, 148, 174n12, 176 DeLaura, David J., 81, 85 86, 94, 112n11, 112n15, 116, 119, 120, , 125, 127, 129 Dickens, Charles, 12, 18, 21, 22 30, 43, 44, 47, 48n3, 81, 82, 84 Little Dorrit, see artist characters in DuMaurier, George, 176, 177, 179 E Eliot, George, 5, 7, 8 14, 39, 43, 45, 46, 56, 80, 82, 86, 87, 94, 95, 110, 111, , , , 145n6, 146n14, , Adam Bede, 5, 10, 80, 82, 131, 136, 137 Middlemarch, 152 The Mill on the Floss, 151

11 INDEX 191 Romola, 11, 13, 39, 95, , , 145n5, 145n6, 145n11, 163 (see also artist characters in) The Sad Fortunes of the Rev. Amos Barton, 150 Silas Marner, 151 Silly Novels by Lady Novelists, 150 empiricism, see realism and enlightenment, see realism and exhortation, see realism as F Flaubert, Gustave, 162, 177 Flint, Kate, 6 Fraser, Hillary, 117, 118, 132 Freedgood, Elaine, 7, 67, 143 Frith, William Powell, 164 G The Germ, 34 35, 49n12 Gikandi, Simon, 101 Gilbert, Pamela, 29, 162, 173n1, 173n2 Gissing, George, Green-Lewis, Jennifer, 6, 7, 36, 171 H Hardy, Thomas, 177 Hunt, William Holman, 8, 18, 21, 22, 34, 49n14, 49n15, 54, 77n2, 153, 173n4, 173n6, 173n9, 176 I idealism, 18, 23, 24, 27, 29, 30, 38, 45, 48n8, 56, 57, 62, 65, 66, 74, 81, 82, 86, 93, 120, 121, 133, 149, 176 identity class, 11 gender, 57, 91 nation, 13 race, 11, 91 individualism, see realism and interart relationships, 15n8 J Jameson, Anna, 120 Jameson, Frederick, 15n1, 176 Jane Eyre, 53 54, 78n12 Jauss, Hans Robert, 32 K Kingsley, Charles, 11 13, 48n3, 76, , 111n2, 112n11, 112n12, 112n15, 112n16, 112n17, 113n21, 116, 120, 121, 127, 130, , 134, 137, 144n3, 152 Alton Locke, 83, 89 92, 106 art criticism, 120 North Devon, 13, 79, 96, , 112n17, 113n18 Two Years Ago, 13, 79 80, 84, 90 91, 94, 103, 108, 110, 113n21 Westward Ho!, 96, , 112n17 Yeast, 13, 79, 87 96, , 104, L labor, see realism and Landow, George, 19 Landseer, Edwin, 93, 99 Levine, Caroline, 135, 143, 154, 173n3

12 192 INDEX Levine, George, 4, 31 33, 36 39, 46, 55, 58, 75, 145n5, 178 Lewes, George Henry, 9 10, 27, 29 30, 33, 47, 48n5, 52, 64, 75, 82, 135, 138, 149 literality, see realism and Little Dorrit, see artist characters in Losano, Antonia, 3, 53 M Madame Bovary, 162 Marcus, Sharon, 16n12, 23, 30, 82 marketability, see realism, and performance Masson, David, 12, 24 26, 33, 43, 47, 48n5, 56, 62, 63, 82, materialism, see realism, and empiricism Matz, Aaron, 23, McGann, Jerome, 35 39, 41 42, 49n16 Millais, John Everett, 18, 20 23, 29, 32, 34, 36, 44, 47, 49n9, 49n14, 49n15, 54, 65, 154, 171, 176 Mitchell, W.J.T., 2 3, 90 91, 123 mysticism, see realism and N natural history, 96, 101 Nemesvari, Richard, 78n12, , 165 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 146n14 Nochlin, Linda, 15n5, 15n8, 19 Novak, Daniel, 6 7, 68, 109 O objectivity, see realism, and empiricism Of the Pathetic Fallacy, see Ruskin, John Oliphant, Margaret, 80 Otter, Chris, 7 P Pater, Walter, 12, 18, 42, 176 Pearl, Sharrona, 7, 11, 89, 104, 112n12 performance, see realism and perspective, see realism and photography, 6 8, 66, 68, 80, 91, 94, , , 113n20, 113n21 See also realism physiognomy, 7, 13, 89, 112n12 Platonism, see Christianity Pratt, Mary Louise, , 112n18 Pre-Raphaelites, 4 5, 12, 17 25, 29 35, 38, 40, 42 47, 48n2, 49n12, 52, 54, 55, 58, 63, 66, 76, 80, 84, 85, 95, 105, 108, 111n3, 118, 143, 148, 155, , 169, 171, 176 Pre-Raphaelitism and the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, see Hunt, William Holman R realism, 17 49, and consensus, 3, 7, 15n2, 16n10, 46 and discipline, 65 and empiricism, 9, 10, 14, 85, 136, 142 and Enlightenment, 3, 4, 15n5, 105 as exhortation, 10, 135, 136, 142, 143 as high art, 11, 13, 51, 75, 144 and ideology, 85, 87, 90, 120, 141

13 INDEX 193 and individualism, 3, 6, 18, 47, 109, 116, 117, 120 (also see identity) and labor, 20, 32, 33, 35, 53, 55 56, 60, 163, 170, 171, 179 and literality, 36, 39 and mysticism, 40, 58, 65, 68, 76, 95 and performance, 7, 13, 139, 166 and perspective, 13, 15n8, 53, 109, 116, 120, 131, 143, 144n1, 170 as poetry, 13, 24, 33, 42, 43, 47, 51 53, 56, 59, 62, 73 76, 95, 132, 139, 148, 149 and secularism, 111 and ugliness, 21, 25, 27, 29, 81, 84 realism (French), 4, 15n4, 15n5, 19, 23, 40, 45, 77n9, 155, 162, 173n9 religious characters (Savonarola), 137 Renaissance, 11, 13 14, 15n2, 18, 31, 39, 46, 86, 95, , 124, 125, 130, 131 Reynolds, Joshua, 18, 32 34, 51, 62, 77n4, , 156, 157 Rio, Alexis-François, see DeLaura, David J. Rosen, Charles, Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 12, 17, 18, 34, 36, 42, 43, 61, 76, 78n11, 171 Hand and Soul, 17, 34, 35, 37, The Portrait (Sonnet), 40, 72 Rossetti, William Michael, 1, 12, 17, 21, 23, 24, 36 Royal Academy of Art, 17, 18, 47 Ruskin, John, 5, 9 12, 30, 31, 33, 36, 42, 45, 47, 48n8, 49n9, 49n10, 51, 58, 62, 68, 74, 75, 77n4, 77n6, 79, 82 85, 87, 94, 95, 109, 111n5, 111n6, 111n7, 132, 134, 139, 148, , 163, 167, 173n5, 173n9, 174n10 S The Scapegoat, see Hunt, William Holman secularism, see realism and sensation fiction, 11 12, 14, 111, 144, 150, 151, 161, 172, 173n1, 178 Shires, Linda, 16n10 skepticism, see realism, and empiricism Smith, Lindsay, 8, 22, 88, 98, 103, 110 spiritualism, see realism, and mysticism subjectivity, see realism, and empiricism Sussman, Herbert, 20, 55 56, 112n13 T The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, 53 Teukolsky, Rachel, 15n1, 15n8 Thackeray, William, 18, 24, 25 26, 44, 47, 48n5, 63, 81, 176 Trollope, Anthony, 28 30, 47, 49n9, 52 Turner, J.M.W., , 167, 173n9 U ugliness, see realism and

14 194 INDEX V visual culture, 8, 16, 52, 59, 66 also see realism W Watt, Ian, 3 4, 15n5, 77n9 Werner, Marcia, 54 55, 58 Wilde, Oscar, 176, 179 Wittemeyer, Hugh, 9 Wood, Esther, 43 46, 52, 66, 95, 118, 176, 179 Wuthering Heights, Z Zerner, Henry, see Rosen, Charles