A Critique of the Theory of Evolution, and a New Creation Theory. Akifumi Otani Unification Thought Institute of Japan

Transcription

1 A Critique of the Theory of Evolution, and a New Creation Theory Akifumi Otani Unification Thought Institute of Japan

2 Is Darwinism A ScientificTruth? Today, many people think that Darwinism is a scientific truth. However, it is not. What Darwinism aims at is the denial of God and the destruction of moral and ethics. Here, I will point out the faults of Darwinism and propose a new creation theory, based on Unification Thought, in such a way as will be considered reasonable by contemporary scientific thinkers.

3 (1) Is There Purpose in Living Beings? If we admit purpose in living beings, the question who has established the purpose will arise, and we are led to the Creator, God. Therefore, evolutionists will not admit purpose in living beings. That is why the recognition of the purpose is a big problem. Examination about this matter will be presented below.

4 Theory of evolution The principle of the natural world is the survival of the fittest. Therefore, the ones fit for survival are the ones with strong fertility, and strength. Therefore, the living thing has no purpose.

5 New Creation Theory God created human beings as object partners of love, and He created all things as object partners of love for human beings. Also, living beings exist as being with dual purpose. They exist for themselves (the purpose for the individual) and live for the sake of others (the purpose for the whole). Therefore, living beings are not only fit for survival, but also created to live for others. Lower beings exist for higher beings, and ultimately, every being exists for human beings.

6 1 The new creation theory does not deny the concept of survival of the fittest advocated in the theory of evolution. Since every living being has its own individual purpose, each being is suitably fitted to its environment. Furthermore, however, each being has its purpose for the whole. Simpler beings exist for the sake of more sophisticated ones, and all beings exist for the sake of human beings.

7 2 Was a peacock s beautiful tail feathers randomly evolved or were they created? The peacock s tail feathers are often used in the debate between evolution and creation.

8 3 Darwin is said to have always felt uncomfortable when he saw a peacock. A peacock has heavy, big tail feathers, with which it cannot move quickly and easily. This fact does not fit well with the theory of survival of the fittest : that those beings which have something advantageous in the struggle for survival were able to thrive and reproduce. After several years of grappling with this question, he reached to this conclusion: Peacocks fought with one another to mate with a peahen. The peahen chooses the peacock with the most beautiful and splendid tail feathers. This is called sexual selection.

9 4 Peacocks fight with each other to mate with a peahen. A peahen chooses the most gorgeous peacock, and will not mate with a drab peacock. As a result, gorgeous peacocks were able to multiply their descendants, and the shabby ones perished. When such sexual selection is repeated from generation to generation, peacocks came to have splendid tail feathers. However, this is a strange theory. For example, how will it happen if cocks fight with each other? The feathers will come off, and the cockscomb will be damaged. Therefore, it is impossible that, while peacocks are fighting with each other, their feathers get longer and become more beautiful and colorful with splendid eye-like patterns emerging.

10 An Indian peacock extends its beautiful tail feathers

11 A peacock with white tail feathers

12 5 This peacock, while running after peahens and fighting with other peacocks, came to have tail feathers as delicate as a white lace dress. However, the Indian peacock came to have colorful tail feathers. Peacocks were just running after peahens. What is the difference between this peacock and Indian peacock? It would be more reasonable to think that both peacocks were given their splendid ornamentation.

13 6 Next, let s think about colorful, beautiful flowers. Evolutionists say that flowers blossom in order to attract insects and make them transfer pollen. However, most insects are color blind. Some insects are able to distinguish colors, but the colors play a role of landing guide. It is the fragrance of flowers that attracts insects. Only human beings are moved by the beauty of flowers. Therefore, flower blossom for the purpose of giving joy to us.

14 Flowers are beautiful not only to attract insects but also to please us.

15 7 Next, let s think about a watermelon. A watermelon keeps a large amount of water. Does a watermelon need that much water? Actually, it does not, since the rain comes in spring. Therefore, if the seeds fall down on the ground, buds come out and the next generation grows. Also, the red color of its flesh and its sweet taste are not necessary for a watermelon. It is more natural to think that a watermelon bears a large juicy fruit for the purpose of giving joy to us humans.

16 A watermelon bears large fruits with plenty of water, red color, and sweet taste. It is not only fit to survive but also it exists for our joy.

17 A girl who loves watermelon is eating a watermelon with a big smile.

18 Butterfly's fashion show

19 8 Butterflies flutter about beautifully as if they were participating in a fashion show. However, they live in a severe struggle for existence. They do not have leisure to participate in a fashion show. They should behave quietly and inconspicuously so as not to be found by predators. Yet, the butterflies are fluttering, shining like stars. For what purpose? For the purpose of giving joy to humans. The fact that there is no pattern on the other side of their wing, which we cannot see, and the fact that the patterns of the four wings of a butterfly are made to fit precisely to one another, when the butterfly settles on a leaf, indicates that the patterns are for us humans.

20 9Next, let s think about those fascinating insects which are mimics. Evolutionists say that these insects were able to merge into the environment by chance as a result of a random mutation. This enabled them to survive without being noticed by birds, and that mimicry is evidence of evolution. Is that really true? Let me show you some examples of mimicry.

21 A green-leaf insect undistinguishable from leaves

22 A grasshopper undistinguishable from fallen leaves

23 A mantis undistinguishable from twigs

24 A mantis undistinguishable from a flower

25 There are nine mantises in this picture. It is difficult to find them.

26 There are six stick insects in this picture. It is difficult to find them.

27 10 Is mimicry caused by accidental mutations? Mutation may cause insects to expand or shrink their length, and sometimes change their colors. However, it is impossible for mutation to change the design. Actually, many entomologists think that it is difficult to explain mimicry by mutation and natural selection.

28 11A stinkbug that looks like a human face This is not a camouflage but attention seeking. According to evolutionists, however, this stinkbug has been able to survive by surprising predator birds, and therefore, this is also evidence for evolution. But, it is unthinkable that a bug became like this, while running around to escape from predators. It is the work of God who has a sense of humor.

29 12 God is the king of humors. He is smiling, while He is surprising and moving humans. Rev. Moon says as follows: God also likes jokes very much. He likes humor. Who do you think the great king of humor is? It is God. He has a good sense of humor because He is all-knowing and all-powerful. Who is the great king who can make others roll around laughing, laugh until they burst and fall over? It is God. I am saying that this great king is God. Cheon Seong Gyeong, p.68

30 (2)Are Living Beings Designed? Is there design in living beings? The existence of design leads to the question of who the designer is. This leads to the Creator God. For this reason, evolutionists would never admit the existence of design. Therefore, 'design' or 'no design' is an important issue. So, let s examine this question.

31 Theory of Evolution Living beings constantly undergo variations through mutations. The struggle for existence takes place among various individual beings, and those fit to exist survive as a result of natural selection. Therefore, living beings are not designed.

32 New Creation Theory Everything was created by God s Logos (Word). Logos is a plan, a blueprint of each created being. Therefore, the living beings are designed by God.

33 1 In the debate between Evolution and Creation, a giraffe is often chosen as an example. So, I will examine whether a giraffe was designed or not.

34 2 According to Darwin s theory of evolution, the giraffe s ancestors did not have a long neck. Due to mutations, however, there was variation in the length of their neck. As a result, the giraffes which had longer necks were able to eat leaves on trees from top to bottom, while those with shorter necks were able to reach only the leaves on lower part of trees. Consequently, through the struggle for existence, those with longer neck were better able to survive, while those with shorter necks perished. As a result of this struggle for existence from generation to generation, the pre-giraffes whose neck were originally short evolved into giraffes with long necks.

35 3 In the meadows of Africa, there are animals which eat the leaves of acacia trees. According to Darwin, the ones with longer necks were better able to survive in the struggle for existence, while the ones with shorter necks should have perished. In fact, however, the giraffe with the longest neck, and the gerenuk, the impala, the Kirk s dikdik, with shorter and shorter necks, all live together harmoniously. This fact cannot be explained by Darwinism. Therefore, the giraffe s neck did not become long by natural selection but we should think that the giraffe was originally created as an animal with a long neck.

36 Giraffe s neck was long from the beginning. giraffe gerenuk impala Kirk s dikdik Animals share eating leaves of the acacia according to their height.

37 4 The riddle of the 'wonder net' As a giraffe has a long neck, its blood pressure is high. Accordingly, when it bows down suddenly to drink water, gravity is added to the blood pressure, causing a danger of stroke. For the purpose of preventing this danger, a giraffe has a special mechanism in the brain. In the part where blood reaches the brain, netlike blood vessels, called the wonder net, exists to decentralize the blood pressure. However, as Ryuichi Kaneko, an evolutionist, points out, it is unreasonable to think that the process of natural selection has chosen both a long neck and wonder net simultaneously.

38 The wonder net for preventing stroke

39 5 In fact, it is impossible for such a thing like the wonder net to be formed by mutation and natural selection. This is a product of an excellent plan and design.

40 6 The Riddle of the Evolution of the Eye In his early writings, Darwin says, To suppose that the eye could have been formed by natural selection, I freely confess, is absurd in the highest possible degree. Yet, later he insists, after examining numerous gradations from a perfect and complex eye to one very imperfect and simple, that a perfect and complex eye could be formed by natural selection.

41 7 Explanation for the evolution of the eye by evolutionists The first small change was probably a slight increase in the sensitivity to light of a small piece of skin. The light-sensitive skin patches became light-sensitive concave dips, which were then filled in with transparent fluid and finally covered over with a lens. The eye had evolved by a process of natural selection. D. Evans and O. Zarate Evolutionary Psychology

42 They explain that the eye evolved in order from 1 through 6. But is it possible that a new element or system is accumulated one by one by mutation, or a change by chance? That is impossible. We should think that it is a design that has been added to step by step.

43 8 The colors of butterfly s wing are not due to pigments. Looking through a microscope, we observe that its scales are arranged like layers of comb, and that the colors are generated by the interference of light. These colors are called structural colors, and are produced through an amazing mechanism or design. We humans have learnt about these butterfly s structural colors, and applied them to making colors for wedding dresses and by layers of lacquering.

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45 (3) Gradual, or by Stages? In evolution, did living beings evolve from one species to another suddenly by a leap, or gradually taking a long time? In creation, did God create living beings from one species to another by a leap, or gradually taking a long time?

46 Theory of Evolution Living beings evolved continuously and gradually by piling up mutations, taking a long time. In other words, the position taken by the theory of evolution is that of gradualism, the assertion that living beings evolved gradually and slowly.

47 New Creation Theory Living beings were created stage by stage. That is, a new species was created on the basis of existing species by the work of God s creative force (the third force, cosmic force). Then, after a certain time has passed, a newer and higher species was created again by the work of God s creative force. In this way, species were created stage by stage, taking a long time.

48 1 Evolutionists think that there can be no macro-evolution such as the sudden transformation from a radish to a carrot, or from a fly to a mosquito. According to them, evolution is a time-taking process in which a species transformed slowly and gradually into a different species by changing its length, height, color, form, etc. Then, how about the evolution of a bat? They think that an animal like a rat or mole evolved into a bat. If a rat did not become a bat suddenly, it means that the rat came to have wings gradually. If so, however, the rat with a primitive-stage wing would not have been able to fly and must have had great difficulty in running. It would have perished after all. In other words, such a species was not fit for survival. This is contradictory to Darwin s theory of the survival of the fittest.

49 Is it possible for an animal like a rat to survive with a foot that cannot run or a wing that cannot fly? Does it end in becoming another animal s prey?

50 2 The position of the New Creation Theory is that God created living beings step by step. In other words, after a new species had been created and a certain time had passed, God created the next species by inputting new information (design). In this way, God created living beings stage by stage.

51 3 A third force must be involved Creation or evolution? In order for the first being to become the second being, a third force must be involved. Living beings themselves cannot create the force that changes the first being into the second one. In order for a being to develop into some higher being, a third force must be involved. Especially, a complicated structure cannot come into being without the input of purposive factor and force from outside. Sun Myung Moon, speech in Alaska,

52 No matter how much struggle living beings are involved in, and no matter how often they run away, they cannot make a leap from 1 to 2. A third force must be added from outside. The third force refers to the creative force from God by which designs are altered or new designs are input. Third Force 2 1

53 4 Cosmic Force Changes the Nucleus In order for a being to evolve, the force necessary for it must be given from somewhere. According to the theory of evolution, the force must come from within. However, there is no such force that can change the form of the nucleus within itself. This leads to the conclusion that it is impossible for evolution to take place. We must think about it on the assumption that there exists the cosmic force which can cause internal changes in living beings. Sun Myung Moon, Family, June 1982

54 In order for a living being to leap from 1 to 2, it needs the cosmic force. The cosmic force refers to the creative force from God. It is the cosmic force that causes the nucleus of a living being to change. That process corresponds to the process of genetic recombination that scientists refer to. In other words, God created new species through genetic recombination. Cosmic Force 1 2 Change of Nucleus (Recombination of DNA)

55 5 Human scientists also make new varieties of living beings by genetic engineering. One of the most remarkable examples is the breeding of a blue rose. In history, many people around the world tried to breed a blue rose, but not one was successful. Therefore, the phrase blue rose became a synonym for something impossible. However, after 14 years of effort, the engineers at Suntory Limited finally succeeded in breeding a blue rose.

56 (4)Is Likeness Evidence for Evolution or Creation? Evolutionists assert that the resemblance among various living beings is evidence for evolution. On the other hand, in the new creation theory, God conceived the images of all things taking after the image of human beings, who will be created last, as a model. Accordingly, living beings somewhat resemble each other and humans. Evolution theory claims evolution because of resemblance, but new creation theory claims creation because of resemblance.

57 Theory of Evolution 1Homologous organ 2Vestigial organ Evidences of Evolution 3Recapitulation in embryology

58 New Creation Theory God Human All things Resemblance Resemblance Man and woman were conceived in God s image, and all things were conceived in the image of man and woman.

59 1 Homologous organ The organs of different organisms that exhibit similarity in structure due to evolutionary differentiation from the corresponding part of a remote ancestor are called homologous organs. Homologous organs are the same in their basic structure, though their shapes and functions may differ.

60 Homologous organ as seen from evolution theory 生物総合資料 実教出版

61 The homologous organs cited by evolutionists are not evidence of evolution. Instead, they indicate creation in likeness centered on human being. In other words, it is not that the wings of birds evolved into the hands of humans but that the frontal legs of animals and the wings of birds were conceived, taking after human hand as a model.

62 2 Vestigial organ An organ that was functional in an ancestor but has lost its original function during the evolutionary process is called a vestigial organ. A vestigial organ is the result of degeneration in function and is considered a process in evolution. From the viewpoint of the new creation theory, however, this is not evidence of evolution.

63 Evolutionists say that human coccyx is a result of the degeneration of a monkey s tail. This is not the case; rather the monkey s tail was designed by prolonging the image of the human spinal column. God gave tails to fourlegged animals so that they might be able to run in a stable way. Also, evolutionists say that the reason why the human ear has the movable ear conch muscle is because ancient humans moved their ears like rabbits. But, that is not the case. The human body is the microcosm and encapsulation of all things. In other words, the human body has all the elements of all things within itself. Accordingly, God expanded and transformed the human ear and envisioned the ear of a rabbit.

64 3 The theory of recapitulation When the embryos of vertebrates are compared with one another, all of them resemble one another in their early stages of development: All of them have gill slits and a tail, and all have a fishlike heart with a single atrium and ventricle. Based on that, evolutionists claim that embryos, in the course of development, repeat the evolutionary history of their ancestors in some abbreviated form.

65 Therefore, they claim that the process of growth of the human embryo indicates the process of evolution from fish to humans. However, this is not the case. Since living beings were created in the likeness of a human being, the process of growth of the embryo of other living beings is also modeled after the process of growth of the human embryo. Therefore, this case also indicates creation in likeness to a human being.

66 Recapitulation Theory in Evolution 生物総合資料 実教出版

67 Ontogeny Indicating Creation in Likeness Centered on a Human Being

68 (5) Man and Woman (Adam and Eve) In the early stages of life s emergence, living beings multiplied through asexual reproduction. Then at some point they began to multiply through sexual reproduction between stamen and pistil in plants, and male and female in animals. Human beings also multiply through sexual reproduction between man and woman. Why did it become this way?

69 Theory of Evolution Why did living things change from asexual reproduction to sexual reproduction (stamen and pistil; male and female; man and woman)? The definite reason is unknown though this problem has been variously discussed.

70 New Creation Theory (i) God is the united being of the dual characteristics of Yang and Yin. By separating those dual characteristics, God created man and woman, male and female, and stamen and pistil as yang substantial beings and yin substantial beings. This is called the pair system of the created world. It was for the purpose of deploying love and beauty in the created world that God created the world of the pair system.

71 (ii) It is written in Genesis of the Bible that God formed man (Adam) out of dust from the ground. The dust here does not mean dust in a literal sense, it refers to all things. Therefore, we should interpret this passage as that God created Homo sapiens, who has the same physical body as that of human beings, using all things as material. He chose a male and female from them, and He gave spirits to the children born to them. Thus, Adam and Eve were created.

72 (iii) Furthermore, it is written in Genesis that God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam, and while he was sleeping, God took one of his ribs and made it into a woman, Eve. This is also a figurative explanation, and means that Eve was created following the same formula or prototype used for creating Adam.

73 1 Was Eve created from Adam s rib? Seen from the new creation theory, God is not like a magician but the highest scientist. In creating the universe, He first made a design (blueprint) and, in accordance with it, He invested time and energy in scientifically creating the universe. Therefore, He did not do anything like creating Eve from a rib of Adam. If He had done so, He would be a magician, just like the Monkey King, Sun Wu- K ung, who allegedly produced his dummy out of one hair on his head.

74 According to the Bible, it is written that Eve was made from one of Adam s ribs.

75 Creation of Eve with Adam as the model It is written in the Bible that Eve was created from Adam s rib, but what does this mean? This means that God created Eve from Adam as the origin. (Sun Myung Moon, Blessed Family and the Ideal KingdomⅠp.293.) According to the Principle of Creation, after creating Adam, God created Eve with Adam as the model. (Sun Myung Moon, Blessed Family and the Ideal KingdomⅠp.297.)

76 This means that Eve was made following the same plan used for creating Adam

77 2 Did Adam have a belly button? Creationists who take the Bible literally, think that Adam was not born as a baby and that, since Adam was suddenly created as a youth from dust, he had no belly button. This is because a belly button is evidence that a baby was born out of mother s womb. Therefore, whether or not Adam had a belly button is a key question.

78 3 God created all beings scientifically, not with magic. The new creation theory regards God not as a magician but as the highest scientist. From that point of view, Adam and Eve were born out of a couple who had become perfect in terms of the physical body. Accordingly, Adam and Eve had a belly button, which means that they had parents. But, the parents of Adam and Eve were not true human beings because they did not have spirits.

79 Adam had a belly button Now, let me talk about the history regarding Adam s birth. Did Adam have a belly button or not? You must know it. Without a belly button, where was he born from? Adam had a navel cord, and he had a mother. He had to be within his mother s womb, didn t he? Sun Myung Moon, The Blessed Family, 1999 winter issue

80 The being before Adam is clay Even if there had been a human beings before Adam, it was not truly human. It was the same as clay. It was not a human being even if it looked like one. According to the law of the ideal of creation approved by God, it cannot be considered a human being. Only Adam is a human being as God desired. Sun Myung Moon, Blessed Family and the Ideal KingdomⅠp.296.

81 All things are the Foundation for Human Beings Before God created human beings, He created the angelic world. With the help of the angels, He created all things and through all things as material, He created human beings. Sun Myung Moon, Blessed Family and the Ideal KingdomⅠp.403. The creation is the foundation on which God s sons and daughters can be created. This foundation connects them together in a relationship. Sun Myung Moon, Cheon Seong Gyeong, 1477.

82 (6)The Process of Evolution and of Creation What is the process of evolution in Darwinism? What is the process of creation in the new theory of creation?

83 Theory of Evolution Mutation by ultraviolet rays, cosmic rays, thunder,etc. Natural selection Evolution

84 1 Was life born in the sea? Evolution theory: In the beginning there appeared the molecules of life, nucleic acids and proteins, in the sea, and the soup of life was formed where these materials gathered. Membranes appeared in the soup and unicellular organisms were formed. When the cell performed cell division, it evolved into multicellular beings, such as jellyfish and sponges. When bones and eyes developed, they became fish. Some fish swimming near the seashore crawled up onto dry land. When legs and lungs were developed, they evolved into land animals. From reptiles, the mammals evolved, and then anthropoids, apes, and finally humans evolved.

85 2 What is the agent of evolution? What is it that formed the molecules of life, of living organisms, and made them evolve through mutations? Evolutionists think that hydrothermal eruptions in the deep sea, lightning in the air, ultraviolet rays from the sun, falling of meteorites, and cosmic rays from the sun and Galaxy are the agents of evolution.

86 Life Vol.1, NHK Science Special, 1994

87 New Creation Theory Formation of Logos Creation of the world

88 3 In the beginning there was a scenario New creation theory: In the beginning, God formed the Logos or word; in other words, God made a plan for the creation of heaven and earth. First, God conceived in His mind the image of Adam and Eve, and taking this image as a model, God conceived the images of animals and plants by abstracting and transforming the human image. In conceiving the image of animals and plants, God planned from higher to lower beings. Then, God conceived the image of heavenly bodies, atoms, elementary particles and finally light. In other words, God s formation of the Logos was made from top down, from human being down to light.

89 4 The process of creation has humans as its goal New creation theory: After the formation of the Logos or scenario, the actual creation is made in accordance with this plan. God said, Let there be light, and there was light. This corresponds to the inflation and Big Bang as seen from the standpoint of modern science. Then, from elementary particles, atoms, molecules, and heavenly bodies emerged. And then, a special planet earth was formed and on the surface of the earth, beginning from algae and amebas, plants, animals and humans emerged. The first stage of creation is the formation of logos, and the second stage is the creation of the actual phenomenal world. This process of creation is called the two stages of creation.

90 The Two Stage Structure of Creation

91 5 Process of formation of the Logos God had the plan to create the human beings, Adam and Eve, from the start, and He conceived the image of Adam and Eve. Taking the human image as a model, and by abstracting and transforming it, God conceived the images of animals and plants from higher to lower beings. Through the transformation, God conceived the images of such animals with long noses (elephant), with long necks (giraffe), with long ears (rabbit), and so on, and such plants with beautiful flowers (rose), with delicious fruit (apple), with great height (sequoia), and so on.

92 The processes of abstraction and transformation in the formation of Logos

93 6 Contrast between the description in the Bible and modern science In the Bible, it is written that heaven and earth were created in six days. If we consider these six days not as six days of 24 hours but as six stages each of a long period, we can understand that the Biblical description and that of modern science s description of the formation of the universe are mostly in agreement, as shown in the next figure.

94 Contrast between the Description in the Bible and Modern Science

95 7 The theory of evolution does not accept the Logos God s creation was carried out in two stages: 1 the formation of Logos (plan, or design), and 2 creation of the phenomenal, actual world. If we look at only the second stage of creation, it may look like evolution. Therefore, viewed from the new creation theory, evolutionary theory is not 100% wrong. Seen from the result, living beings have appeared in the same order as evolutionary theory claims. Evolution theory, however, does not accept the first stage of Logos.

96 8 Evolution through chaotic forces is not possible In place of the Logos (plan, design), evolutionary theory proposes hydrothermal eruptions, lightning, ultraviolet rays, falling meteorites, and cosmic rays. With such chaotic forces, evolutionists claim that life was born, and living beings evolved through mutations caused by the disturbances of genes. It is almost the same thing as saying that a house was built by a typhoon or tornado. New creation theory does not deny the physical sequence of evolutionary theory, but rather claims that the Logos is invisibly guiding these physical processes.

97 9 Progress of love It can be said that evolution theory is watching God s creation externally, examining the result. Seen internally, creation is carried out according to a plan (Logos), and that God created all things aiming at the perfection of love through humans, Adam and Eve. Therefore it is not true that living beings evolved as the strongest or the fittest survived, but rather creation has been carried out in such a way as aiming at the perfection of love, elevating the dimension of love by stages. Therefore, the process of creation is called progress of love.

98 Evolution theory is merely an external observation Externally, the process of creation, from amebas to higher and higher beings, looks very much like evolution. Internally, however, evolution and creation are different completely. Living beings themselves cannot make progress in an evolutionary order. Only God can make them progress. Sun Myung Moon, Family Evolution theory is nothing but an external observation of the phenomena. Internally, the natural world is in the progressive process of the force of love through millions of stages. It is the progress of love. Sun Myung Moon, speech to the representatives of 15 Soviet Republics

99 (7) What Is Natural Selection? Darwinism claims that the motive force of evolution is natural selection. Is it really true that natural selection brings forth new species?

100 1 Prominent evolutionists have described the faculty of natural selection as follows: Dobzhansky: as a composer Simpson: as a poet Mayr: as a sculptor Huxley: as a Shakespeare Dawkins: as a genetic engineer In their view, natural selection is no less than the Creator.

101 2 Does natural selection have creativity? Nature consists of animals, plants and minerals. Animals do not have such developmental creativity as humans have. Plants grow and multiply, but do not create new beings. Minerals just stay put. Therefore, nature has not such creativity as God and humans have.

102 3Natural selection has no creativity In Darwin s original proposal, natural selection was the action of judging which, out of many variations, was fit to survive. While natural selection can select an improved design, it is quite a different thing to claim that natural selection can create or improve designs. Ignoring this obvious fact, evolutionists have promoted natural selection from the simple act of selecting to the role of creating and improving designs. Recently, however, questions have been raised by various thinkers.

103 Medical scholar Yoshihiko Makino states that natural selection has nothing to do with creation. It is merely a negative mechanism for removing things which do not fit. Richard Milton, science writer, states that Because natural selection offers only death or glory it cannot provide the microscopic adjustments that the individual needs. Yet we are asked to believe that a mechanism of such crudity can creatively supervise a program of gene mutation.

104 According to science writers, Ryuichi Kaneko and Mika Nakano, Now the time has come when we should thoroughly clarify the identity of what is called natural selection. They are right. Evolutionists should not unreasonably overestimate the abilities of natural selection, rather they should examine it calmly and objectively.

105 4 Darwin gave up being a minister Darwin studied at the theological seminary in Cambridge University, where he was expected to become a Christian minister. However, the more he studied theology, the less comprehensible the existence of God and His Creation became. Thus, he gave up being a minister and became a naturalist. When he was given the opportunity to do a survey voyage on board the Beagle, he observed a variety of living beings. It is said that the idea of evolution came to him in the Galapagos islands.

106 5 Do species change? Darwin observed various living beings in the Galapagos Islands. According to Christian creationism, God created heaven and earth in six days about six thousand years ago. All living beings were created according to their kinds, and they are unchanging until today. According to what Darwin observed in the Galapagos Islands, however, species have undergone changes from island to island.

107 6 Finches Darwin observed the passerine birds (finches) in the Galapagos islands and found that the size and shape of their beaks were different from island to island. On one island, finches eat hard nuts and their beaks are stocky like pinchers, while on another island, finches eat insects and their beaks are slender and pointed.

108 7 Galapagos Elephant Tortoise On one island, the elephant tortoise eats moss from the ground, and it has a domed shell. In contrast, on another island, the elephant tortoise eats cactus, and it has a saddleback shell that allows the tortoise to stretch its neck upward.

109 8 Darwin made an uncritical generalization Returning from the survey voyage, he developed his idea that species undergo changes, and he proposed the evolutionary theory. He suggested that humans evolved from apes and all the way back from amebas. However, what he observed are the changes within species and are not the changes between species. In fact, finches remained finches and elephant tortoises remained elephant tortoises. Darwin made an uncritical broadening of his observations; he extrapolated the phenomena of adaptation into that of evolution.

110 (8) The Essence of Darwinism The essence of Darwinism is the denial of God and putting natural selection into the place of God. In other words, Darwin made nature into God. Behind this is the work of Satan. In contrast, Unification Thought testifies to God s creation of humans and all things.

111 Darwinism tried to place natural selection in the position of the Creator