Refresh Law Created a Vacuum in the Spiritual Spaces, Comparative Study of Mosques and Other Places of Worship

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1 J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci., 5(10S) , , TextRoad Publication ISSN: Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences Refresh Law Created a Vacuum in the Spiritual Spaces, Comparative Study of Mosques and Other Places of Worship Mahnaz Rezaei 1, Amirmasoud Dabagh 2, Seyed Mohammadreza Nasirsalami 3 1 Department of Architecture, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Iran 2 Assistant Professor of Architecture, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Iran 3 Faculty member of Islamic Azad University of Tehran center, Iran ABSTRACT Received: April 20, 2015 Accepted: June 15, 2015 In the course of history, the temple is one of the most important architectural are monuments of civilization. God has different meanings in different cultures, beliefs and understanding that target architects have created a space where you can feel the presence of God more than ever to worship him and pay. The phenomenon has been to reach the backend and frontend and backend inner truth it must be apparent layers crossed And what is important in building any kind of liturgical space in what format and for that you can use to display the intended sense. Mosque place of worship and its architecture is the best example of the manifestation of the divine and Muslim artist is trying to match the spirit of the joint between the body and create content So in trying to void and a vacuum is created That the Lord will show it the same way in different cultures with different values and his vision of seeing places of worship. This descriptive - analytical - comparative and purpose of it, is what methods and a better architectural templates can refer to the meaning of God, Therefore, the comparative some places of worship of different religions and cultures and bring up the vacuum, we will to answer this question. KEYWORDS: law vacuum, mosques and places of worship, structure and content 1. INTRODUCTION One of the main issues that the architecture is always involved is the relationship between form and meaning. In other words, the meaning and concept can be expressed in the form of specific According to the artist, the art and technique of some of these templates can better means to the desired point. What is the architecture of mosques and other worship space is important in principle any type of architecture what templates and forms that can be used to show that our meanings. The mosque is a place of worship and where the architect to create a space in which the audience better than other places can feel the presence of God and worship him. Now the question arises that what can be better architectural methods refer to the meaning of God. Of course, the question that is asked only about the mosque. One of the most important works of architecture in temples during the history of civilization, and Architects aim has always been to create an atmosphere that can be felt in the presence of God and more and pay to worship Him. In this article we try a comparison with different religions and cultures, some of the places of worship in vacuum to answer this fundamental question we pose the law. Before we answer this question we must consider several important points. First, the meaning of God clearly defined in the minds of every individual so despite the fact that all of this was to use the same word Perhaps no two people can not be found that the same meaning of the word in our minds and hearts are placed and This means can be very superficial and wrong is defined so that one denies the existence of God (Originally denied incorrect definition of God not deny the existence of God) And this definition can be gradually deeper and deeper understanding of God is leading. Second, it means that each person has in mind the concept of God in one's life is constantly changing and can be reduced or is excellence. Human development and human being that God is every moment with different next time and constantly deepen the knowledge about the concept. Third, so that different people understand this concept is different from the general understanding of the various circumstances of time and place can be very different and depending on the growth of the community may be superficial or deep. It seems that the answer to the question of God in what format that can be very sophisticated architecture is revealed and before the question we should ask God, who or what society we want to show. Corresponding Author: Mahnaz Rezaei, M.Sc. Architecture; Department of Architecture, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Iran, mahnaz.rezaei69@yahoo.com 807

2 Rezaei et al.,2016 chart 1. shows - factors in the formation of empty space and its application in space (the reference is taken from the authors: Tahoori, 2012) To answer this question, a comparative study of different religious spaces in different cultures and compare it to consider the mosque. Images 1 to 3 three different worship space has been compared with the first image space of a Baroque church in Germany. Sheikh Lotfollah mosque dome second image and the third image of the Church of the water is caused by Tadao Ando. Note that these spaces in various formats and different from what is used to illustrate the concept of God. To understand it, one must first see how this space by whom and to whom and with what level of understanding of the concept of God made. The first church to consider as you can see, this space is filled with a variety of paintings with the climbs were largely pluralistic. Each story of the Bible are usually noted. To understand spirituality in this space should be given to the introduction of Christianity from God's level of understanding of the concept of God our audience. Christianity in the era of the Roman Empire that ruled on more than half of the world And what of the idea of God was conceived in the minds of the Roman mythological gods and goddesses We can imagine them quite material, That each one of the attributes of beauty and glory of the Godhead and the relationship between them and their world like ours there. And perhaps because of this that Christianity turned to the Trinity. 808

3 J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci., 5(10S) , 2015 fig.2. dome mosque, Sheikh Lotfollah, Iran fig.1. Church of the Baroque period in Germany fig.3. Effect of Tadao Ando Church, Japan When public understanding of the concept of God at this level is the best way to communicate, Hnrnqashy, sculpture. To provide meanings in the Bible, concepts, stories within it as painting and sculpture in the space to display their worship. It is evident that such show for the public and literacy, especially for people who do not study the Bible more understandable system and will be very tangible. And so contrary to the mosque architecture and inscriptions written will be low-key. And the time to learn the meanings of religious and spiritual sense of place and space that the paintings and sculptures space full of finds. Thus we see that the church architecture angels, heaven, hell, even Christ the Lord works, painting and sculpture seen as a strong man. However, in Figure 2 look. For a better understanding of this space should refer to the introduction of God in Islam. Islam came after Christianity and towards completion and perfection of religion and the principle of unity was built on, beginning with the words La ilaha Allah. The many deep hidden meanings. The first word of godliness disarmament is everything to God be proven. In other words, "on the fact that God is completely beyond all those things that a normal mind and senses as reality, in the ordinary sense of the word refers knows. "(Nasr, 2005) The same principle can be found in the word of God is great, God is great, because not listed and comparative perspective shows that God is greater than anything we can imagine or where in the Quran. (Glorified be the Lord thy God, mighty and unique and a description of ignorant people is innocent.). (The Holy Quran, Surah Al-Safat) In Islamic architecture, like any other phenomenon appearance (body) and backend (content), which according to the Islamic world should be the frontend and backend And a reminder of God's nature, therefore, to seek to understand how the spiritual content and the form and content Dhd. myzan realization of Islamic identity in the works of Muslim architects have three functions: Quality unknowing architect of the universe and the existence of human population Adopt appropriate to create a work method and style elite Talent, experience and creativity in presentation and anatomical fit for your understanding Depending on the quality of the three, and the realization of Islamic identity in the works of Islamic architecture will vary. (Silver, 2012) Due to the image of Islam presented this question comes from God Such a God that everything is perfect with the format and method can be mentioned in the architectural space. Surely such a God can not be demonstrated with any material for the Muslim artist is looking for something beyond the material. By which create the spiritual atmosphere. Islamic architecture is space in the positive sense, space is not determined by the positive object but also by the absence and lack of physical and materiality determined. It is also another aspect of the lack of a better term, and if we want to apply, can be called negative space [1, 2]. One of the forms that the human mind is light, because the only thing that occurs is immaterial And in the 809

4 Rezaei et al.,2016 Qur'an as God's light has been compared to "The Lord of the heavens and the earth is light," but the use of light to specific points should be noted. Everything is very clear when he will be essentially invisible. For example, gravity is something that people have always dealt with, but what people see this clearly OPEN years and discovered a secret not even the great scientists of the world. When the light is too light will not be another time he can sense its presence felt as a transcendent reality in the form of a beam of light shines in the darkness (see figure 4). And at this point that his appearance as a fact and there is high human Wedel your eyes to the light source of leads [3]. Another way to do that is using mirrors the light is extremely small and raging sea and shine the light on exhibit which geometric designs and any object that is placed in the space of infinite time and space disappears broken. fig.4. south nave of the mosque In addition, created an atmosphere of space and light material destruction. But God in Islam even beyond this stage that it can be displayed only with the physical light. And even in the "soreh noor" that God is likened to light the heavens and the earth, which is mentioned in the following verse features sophisticated him decent returns from ordinary light. The only remaining symbol vacuum template, but how can we really demonstrated the vacuum. According to Titus Burckhardt, "arabesque art from the perspective of a rational way to refer to the unity and oneness of God and the Muslim artist and Chart unity in diversity and diversity in unity in the world, and the foundation of every action and thought in Islam [4]. This vacuum can through objectivity forms and colors through space and Arabesque designs, geometric, calligraphy, achieved. Vacuum through the use of geometric and the abstract symbols can unify architecture text that there is unity itself and beyond anything. In architecture, vacuum, like silence in music and poetry that plays a key role and will further understand the meaning of spiritual and architectural context is transparency and plays a positive role and presence of God in material form reveals. One of them is the center of the geometry of form in space. For example, if we look at the ceiling Mogharnas or Yazdi we consider that the basic geometry of concentric circles that are formed when the three-dimensional form it centers on a central space in the center of the space and are usually located in the ceiling of the shaft that leads to lightening (Figures 5 and 6). Therefore all kind of geometric forms, pointing to empty space, and show that the vacuum is the source of their existence. fig.5.mogharnas tomb of Sheikh Abdul Samad at Natanz fig.6.yazdi Palace of Eight Paradises 810

5 J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci., 5(10S) , 2015 fig.7. An example of an official of the state-abad Garden in Yazd Basically, all the mosques in Islamic architecture and interior spaces by the geometrical structure of which refer to empty space between them. Mogharnas as the positive atmosphere in the form of volume and mass of material has been noted (Figure 5) The architecture of the mosque and Islamic architecture is usually a division of inputs and openings, while in some cases it can be seen from the western architectures (see figures 8 and 9) Cause is that the axis of symmetry is the most important part of the space is empty. fig.9. couples in Western Architecture fig.8. individual divisions in Islamic architecture fig.10. Borujerdis House Kashan Usually in the central courtyard houses and in some of the mosques in the visual and movement axis are separated from each other and Center dedicated to the visual axis and movements of the two sides. Courtyard the center of the pool water is a symbol of pure and with the reflection of the sky in the space at the bottom and top of the exhibit (Figure 10) The main Ivan is placed in the middle and on both sides of stairs and steps against western architectural masses did not go out of his way and is always in space. The use of color in a way that creates a vacuum. In many Safavid mosques is the dominant color of deep blue with white arabesque sit on it and certain spirituality to them. Against church paintings and engravings none of the lines alone are not attracted to the mind and eyes And totality space of just a sense of truth and the components are separated from the total. In other words, everything is the presence of a plurality of units (Figure 2). We'll now go the spiritual atmosphere that we have seen in Figure 3. This time emptier space and simple to sit except the chairs of other notable things in space is not available. One of the walls has been removed completely and the lake which opens at the top and bottom of the image of the sky, the sky can be seen in the water, Which is full of empty space and nature can be seen around. And in this regard the cross in the middle of the lake at thy side, and the space to focus. Although the space is above a church, but a Japanese architect who most influenced by Zen and Shinto Japanese culture and religion to the design of the space. Although Zen does not have the name of God, but what does it perhaps considered to be null assumed to be equal to God. Zen believes that facts are relative and unstable and variable the nature of but that it only referred to the empty. Perhaps as a so-called spiritual development means that we have empty world around them in general, be mentioned. In this regard, one of the Zen masters say that "When the soul is not attached to anything, it is empty." Disintegration general human nature has no meaning. It has its own special sense of naturalism in the culture, that is the nature of being, free from any type of belonging [5]. 811

6 Rezaei et al.,2016 fig.11. A view of the water Church This perception of simple people living in the culture of Japan caused to the simplicity of nature they are always friendly [2]. Therefore, the manifestations of art and culture of Japan in naturalism, without balance, a corner of poverty, simplicity, solitude, the empty space and the lack of interest be mentioned to much detail. We can be spiritual as well as in space (3) to be understood. You see the same rate and deeper understanding of the concept of God is abstract space becomes emptier. Table 1. Review the structure and spatial features in various rituals (writer) In fact, the artist is trying to mold (balanced at the same diversity and dynamics) or (unbalanced and simple), the prospect of thinking principles to portray, Understanding the concepts of human spirituality, physical structure, social, cultural and spirituality provide man to his purpose. 2. Comparison of places of worship In the example above formats used in three different worship space investigated and noted that the level of understanding of the concept of God is deeper space from luxury material easier to be emptier. Therefore, it may be to those who have a deep knowledge of the most spiritual space, space is quite simple and dark. In addition, perhaps because of this that many prophets and mystics in the cave were busy in worship. But really which of these formats is better And we as an architect in the design of which is better to use mosques Due to the above, is it possible to "mosque" above the "Church of the Baroque period," said Or patterns used in "Water 812

7 J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci., 5(10S) , 2015 Church" better than the forms used in the "mosque" is? To answer the first question above three types of viewing the world in the form of three models in the pictures (12) (13) and (14) we see examined. And according to the law vacuum to explain the questions. 3. Three types of attitude toward the world The first model is completely relativistic attitude to the world and there is no absolute truth in the world, No clear criteria for measuring right, wrong or the preference of one over the other is not. Peak relativistic thinking can be seen in the philosophy of deconstruction, which in recent years have had a significant effect architecture rather than the West itself. The second model shows the absolute look of the world, where the only absolute truth is one thing and the other things devoid of truth, are considered profane or evil. Options totally right or totally wrong and there is no relativity. fig.12. Relativity attitude deconstruction fig.13. Absolutist attitude fig.14. Polarized relative to the absolute truth In the third approach is more complete and more accurate is that it seems to me there's relativity and absolute truth No absolute truth is not something tangible. In addition, the extent to which all creatures are close to the absolute truth value and price rise. Moreover, to the extent that it is removed, they are less valuable.therefore, any human ideology and any architectural space can be assumed that somewhere in this range. But be taken as a prelude to achieving higher levels are far lower so it can not be considered worthless. The church can be a prelude to a deeper understanding mosque. And the format used for the mosque, although a higher stage of understanding God should never exhibit absolute and stopped them with a deeper understanding of the public should be to move more abstract and emptier. The spiritual space can be designed to be both material and abstract symbols on it. His deep understanding of the evolution of man, and he's much higher. An obvious example of such works in the architecture of mosques can be seen as the Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque. Where on 813

8 Rezaei et al.,2016 the one hand by using different colors and motifs attracted a lot of attention to the public and on the other by the use of light, empty space and unity prevailing in all parts of deep space full of mystery exhibit the properties. 4. Description of the vacuum with respect to the third model According to the third model in the evolution of the absolute truth Each step is a prelude to climb to a higher level Could become a veil to climb higher. Until that point for us is absolute. Focus all of our attention to the beauty and value of their returns. He can not climb higher And to climb to a higher level than was first required to show empty And all the idols that time they were fond, they were worked hard and to reach break, The better to replace it now and this vacuum of law is devoid of truth. This rule can be seen everywhere. In nature, in human life and in the architectural space it can be stated as follows. (More empty as possible manifestation of the truth). 5. Conclusion Architecture mosque in various formats can be used to create the spiritual atmosphere that its impact will be different on different people. The readers' understanding of the concept of God is more primitive forms of effective material and the deeper understanding that this will be more abstract forms. Finally, the templates that will lead to empty space. None of these levels is not worthless and what is worthless living in a particular format. In addition, the secret movement is empty. And mind feel empty, empty hearts and empty architectural space. First, empty of anything bad, after emptying of nonsense and finally empty of good things to achieve better things. REFERENCES [1] Ardalan, nader, Bakhtiar, L. (2000), a sense of unity, translator Hamid Shah, Isfahan, soil Publishing Press, [2] I'tizad, L. (2000), "Zen architectures Japan", gallery, Spring and Summer Volume 10, Number 30, [3] Endo, Tadao (2003), light paper, prepared by B. Keshani planning, architecture and urbanism. [4] Sartipipour. Mohsen (2008), "the theme of Islamic Art Titus Burckhardt thought", Volume 17, Number 46, 4. [5] Pashaei, AS. (2007), Zen is, Tehran, lotus. [6] Noghrekar, Abdul Hamid (2012) Manan Raisi, Mohammed, implementation of Islamic identity in architecture, Islamic Iranian city Studies, No. 7, p. 7. [7] Rumi, Masnavi second office. [8] Tahoori, Nayer (2012), the kingdom mirrors the Proceedings of the wisdom of Islamic Art, Tehran, Scientific and Cultural Publishing Company. [9] Nasr, SHossein (2005) the importance of empty space research in Islamic art. Translated by Shayganfar. [10] arktourism.ir [11] fa.wikipedia.org [12]newarchitect.blogfa.com [13]rozegarsya.loxblog.com [14] shaqool.mihanblog.com [15] [16] [17] 814