EconS Preferences
|
|
- Sophie Fox
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 EconS Preferences Eric Dunaway Washington State University eric.dunaway@wsu.edu September 14, 2015 Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
2 Introduction So far, we have studied supply and demand and seen how they lead to market equilibrium. But how are they derived? This week, we re going to look at peoples preferences, utility functions, and budget constraints in order to get us ready to derive demand functions next week. Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
3 Preferences At its essence, Economics is the study of choice, and pretty much everyone is willing to make a choice if they have the opportunity. Even if that choice is indi erence. As an example, if I were to show you an apple and an orange, you could probably tell me one of the three following things: "I prefer the apple over the orange." "I prefer the orange over the apple." "I like apples and oranges the same." Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
4 Preferences We use special notation for preferences. For example, the % is used to show preference. If I wrote Apples % Oranges, that would mean that I prefer apples at least as much as oranges. Apples Oranges would mean that I strictly prefer apples more than oranges (Think of it like a greater than symbol, but for preferences). Apples Oranges means that I am indi erent between apples and oranges, or that I just prefer them the same. Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
5 Preferences Preferences allow us to develop indi erence curves, which we will look at next. However, there are a few properties of preferences that have to hold in order for people to make rational decisions. What do you mean by rational? Basically, there are a few logical paradoxes that can prevent us from analyzing a preference relationship mathematically, forming indi erence curves. Let s talk about them. Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
6 Completeness Completeness means that given any two objects (or bundles of objects), I can compare them. For example, in our Apples and Oranges example, preferences satisfy completeness if and only if I can declare one or both of the following Apples % Oranges Oranges % Apples Note that if I say both of those choices, it just means that I am indi erent between Apples and Oranges (and that s ok!). The only way that completeness breaks down is if there are two objects that cannot be compared. Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
7 Completeness When would we be unable to compare two objects? Usually, this is when we have no information or experience with a group of goods or similar goods. For example, I have never eaten borscht (a traditional Russian dish), or even beets before. If someone were to ask me to compare two di erent kinds of borschts without tasting them, I wouldn t even be able to form an opinion. Be careful, however, as the di erence between incomplete preferences and indi erent preferences is small, but very important. Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
8 Transitivity Transitivity means that preferences are logically consistent. Let s add Bananas into the Apples and Oranges example. If I prefer apples to oranges, and oranges to bananas, then I have to prefer apples to bananas. If I don t, and actually prefer bananas to apples, a heartless microeconomist can take advantage of me. Let s look an example. You start with an apple and $5. You are willing to pay $1 in exchange for a fruit that you prefer more. Your preferences are as follows: Apples % Oranges Oranges % Bananas Bananas % Apples Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
9 Transitivity I ll play the role of a hearless microeconomist that has a bunch of fruit. First, I o er you a banana in exchange for your apple and $1. Since this is a good deal for you, you accept. You now have a banana and $4. Now, I o er you an orange in exchange for your banana and $1. Since this is also a good deal for you, you accept. You now have an orange and $3. Next, I o er you the same apple that you gave me at the beginning in exchange for your orange and $1. Once again, you see this as a good deal and accept. You now are back to your original apple and $2. I can repeat these steps over and over again until I have all of your money. Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
10 Transitivity A great example of this happens in Sneetches on Beaches. At the climax of the story, the Sneetches prefer a star until they get one, then they prefer to not have a star. They pay money to a heartless microeconomist (Sylvester McMonkey McBean) over and over to add and remove the star until they nally run out of money. The moral of the story is to not have intransitive preferences. And don t discriminate. That s bad too. Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
11 Preferences If preferences are both complete and transitive, we say that they are rational. Lastly, we need to talk about "goods" A good is somethings that we always want more of if we can have it. This is the opposite of a bad (like garbage), where we want as little of it as possible, and would even pay to have it go away. We need to have at least one good in order for our models to make sense. We aren t going to worry about bads in this class. Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
12 More is Better Since we are using goods exclusively, we need one more property for our preference relations. More is better. If a person can have more of everything, they will be better o. It s important to note that it has to be more of everything, not just more of something. For example, under normal circumstances, is a person with one pair of shoes better o if they are given an additional left shoe? No, but if they get both an additional left shoe and an additional right shoe, they are better o for sure! That being said, if they only received an additional left shoe, they can t be worse o than they were before. Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
13 Bundles We want to build preferences into something easier to analyze, so we group our goods into bundles. Keeping it simple, we will only consider two goods, apples and oranges. A bundle could consist of 3 apples and 1 orange, while another could consist of 1 apple and 3 oranges, and so on. The gure on the next slide shows several bundles. Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
14 Bundles Apples E D 4 A C F G B H 0 4 Oranges Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
15 Bundles Let s look at the properties we developed along with our new bundles. For completeness, since every bundle is somewhere on the gure, we can compare them in some way. We need more information to actually rank them in some cases. We can actually do a bit of ranking using transitivity and "more is better." Let s look at bundles B, F, and G. Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
16 Bundles Apples 4 F G B 0 4 Oranges Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
17 Bundles Bundle G has more of both goods than bundle F. Thus, bundle G must be preferred to bundle F, or G % F. Bundle F has more of both goods than bundle B. Thus, bundle F must be preferred to bundle B, or F % B. Since G is preferred to F and F is preferred to B, we also must have that bundle G is preferred to B, by transitivity. We could also establish this just through the "more is better" property. Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
18 Bundles Since both apples and oranges are goods in our model, any bundle both up and to the right of another bundle must be strictly prefered. Because of this, we say that preferences increase as we move up and to the right. We can take all of the bundles for which we are indi erent and connect them with a line. This is called an indi erence curve. Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
19 Bundles Apples E D 4 A C F G B H 0 4 Oranges Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
20 Bundles Apples I 1 I 2 I 3 I 4 E D 4 A C F G B H 0 4 Oranges Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
21 Indi erence Curves Indi erence curves are a great tool for analyzing preferences. With one curve, we can see every point which is indi erent with one another and clearly see which bundles are more preferred. A few properties to note: While I only drew four indi erence curves on the last gure, there are actually an in nite number of them! Every single point has a place on an indi erence curve (even the points that I did not point out). Indi erence curves cannot cross one another. Indi erence curves are not "thick." Let s elaborate a little bit. Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
22 Indi erence Curves Indi erence curves cannot cross one another. This property is implied by transitivity and the "more is better" property. Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
23 Indi erence Curves Apples I 1 I 2 4 C F H 0 4 Oranges Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
24 Indi erence Curves On the previous gure, indi erence curve 1 shows that bundles C and H are indi erent to one another. Indi erence curve 2 shows that bundles C and F are indi erent to eachother. Using transitivity, this must mean that bundles H and F are also indi erent. This can t be the case though, since by the de nition of a good, "more is better" and bundle F, having more of both apples and oranges than bundle H is strictly prefered. Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
25 Indi erence Curves Indi erence curves are not "thick." See the next slide for an example. Again, this has to do with the "more is better" property. Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
26 Indi erence Curves Apples I 1 4 A B 0 4 Oranges Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
27 Indi erence Curves If an indi erence curve like in the previous slide existed, we could have both bundles A and B exist on the same curve, and they would be indi erent. However, like in the last example, bundle B has more of both goods than bundle A, and thus it must be strictly prefered. Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
28 Indi erence Curves Perlo lists two more properties of indi erence curves in his book. Bundles on indi erence curves farther from the origin are preferred to those on indi erence curves closer to the origin. Indi erence curves slope downward. Both of these properties depend on both objects being goods. If we had a bad in our model, they would not hold. Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
29 Marginal Rate of Substitution When a person is indi erent between two bundles, they are willing to trade between them without any external pressure. Basically, they don t have to be paid in order to swap one bundle for another. The amount that they are willing to trade away one unit of a good to receive the other is known as the marginal rate of substitution. Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
30 Marginal Rate of Substitution Apples I D C H Oranges Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
31 Marginal Rate of Substitution If we started at bundle D, where we have 5 units of Apples and 2 units of oranges, and wanted to switch to bundle C, which has 3 units of apples and 3 units of oranges, the marginal rate of substitution can be calculated as MRS = Change in Oranges Change in Apples = = 1 2 = 1 2 What this means is that the consumer in this case is willing to give up 1 unit of apples in order to recieve half a unit of oranges. This makes sense, since the consumer did that twice - they gave up 2 units of apples to receive a full unit of oranges. We just always interpret it as giving up one unit of one good to receive the other. Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
32 Marginal Rate of Substitution It s important to note that the marginal rate of substitution changes as we move to the atter part of the indi erence curve. This is because as we give up more apples, we have to be compensated with more and more oranges in order to remain indi erent. For example, if we start at bundle C, which has 3 units of apples and 3 units of oranges and want to move to bundle H, which has 1 unit of apples and 6 units of oranges, the marginal rate of substitution is MRS = Change in Oranges Change in Apples = = 3 2 = 3 2 Now, since I start with less apples than before, they are more valuable to me and I would have to be compensated with 1.5 units of oranges to get me to part with 1 unit of apples. Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
33 More Indi erence Curves For the most part, we are going to see indi erence curves that look like the ones shown in the gures thus far. Meaning they will be bowed toward the origin and generally well behaved. The curvature of indi erence curves tells a lot about the relationship between the two goods. The less curved the indi erence curve is, the more substitutable goods are. The more curved the indi erence curve is, the more complementary the goods are. Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
34 More Indi erence Curves The two extreme cases, as shown in the next gures, are perfect substitutes and perfect complements. With perfect substitutes, the marginal rate of substitution never changes as you move down the indi erence curve. A consumer is always willing to trade one good for the other at the same rate and remain indi erent. The indi erence curves are perfectly straight. (Pretty close) Example: Di erent types of bottled water. With perfect complements, the marginal rate of substitution does not have a value, as the consumer will only reach a higher indi erence curve by consuming items in the same proportion. The indi erence curves all have a 90 degree kink in them. Example: Left shoes and right shoes. Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
35 More Indi erence Curves Apples E D 4 A C F G B H 0 4 Oranges Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
36 More Indi erence Curves Apples E D 4 A C F G B H 0 4 Oranges Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
37 More Indi erence Curves Indi erence curves are a great tool for organizing preferences, but we still don t have a way to measure di erent "levels" of indi erence. It would be great if we could put numbers to all of this, and then we could start deriving some demand functions. That s why we have utility functions, which we ll talk about next time. Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
38 Summary People use rational decision making in order to rank their preferred consumption bundles. The rules that the consumers develop for the basis for preference relations. Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
39 Preview for Tomorrow We re talking about Utility, i.e., why we like nice things. How can we take all of these preferences and put some math to it? Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
40 Assignment 4 1. Consider the gure given on the next slide. Indi erence curve I passes through points A, B, and C. a. Judging by the curvature of the indi erence curve, what type of preferences does this person have? b. What is the marginal rate of substitution from point A to point B? c. What is the marginal rate of substitution from point B to point C? d. What do the results from parts (b) and (c) imply about the marginal rate of substitution for this kind of preferences? Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
41 Assignment 4 Apples 5 I A 3 2 B C Oranges Eric Dunaway (WSU) EconS Lecture 9 September 14, / 41
Short Questions 1. BMW. 2. Jetta. 3. Volvo. 4. Corvette. 5. Cadillac
Short Questions 1. Consider the following 5 cars plotted in the following graph. Suppose that these cars are fully described by their spaciousness and acceleration, i.e., there are no other characteristics
More informationComparative Advantage
740 Chapter 29 International Trade three-minute phone call from New York to London fell to $0.24 in 2002 from $315 in 1930 (adjusting the 1930 prices for general inflation). Use of e-mail and access to
More informationMITOCW max_min_second_der_512kb-mp4
MITOCW max_min_second_der_512kb-mp4 PROFESSOR: Hi. Well, I hope you're ready for second derivatives. We don't go higher than that in many problems, but the second derivative is an important-- the derivative
More informationApplied Microeconomics: Consumption, Production and Markets David L. Debertin
Applied Microeconomics: Consumption, Production and Markets David L. Debertin This is a microeconomic theory book designed for upper division undergraduate students in economics and agricultural economics.
More informationA Functional Representation of Fuzzy Preferences
Forthcoming on Theoretical Economics Letters A Functional Representation of Fuzzy Preferences Susheng Wang 1 October 2016 Abstract: This paper defines a well-behaved fuzzy order and finds a simple functional
More informationDIFFERENTIATE SOMETHING AT THE VERY BEGINNING THE COURSE I'LL ADD YOU QUESTIONS USING THEM. BUT PARTICULAR QUESTIONS AS YOU'LL SEE
1 MATH 16A LECTURE. OCTOBER 28, 2008. PROFESSOR: SO LET ME START WITH SOMETHING I'M SURE YOU ALL WANT TO HEAR ABOUT WHICH IS THE MIDTERM. THE NEXT MIDTERM. IT'S COMING UP, NOT THIS WEEK BUT THE NEXT WEEK.
More information2. Form. Products are often designed purely with form in mind (e.g. fashion items like watches, shoes and bags).
Technology 8 What is Aesthetics? In design terms, aesthetics is our perception or opinion of an object based on what we see, feel, hear, smell and even taste. Our opinion could be based on one or all of
More informationSolution Guide for Chapter 1
Solution Guide for Chapter 1 Here are the solutions for the Doing the Math exercises in Girls Get Curves! DTM from p. 2-3 2. I m late for school when my sister takes forever in the shower. OK, so to write
More informationOptimal Foraging. Cole Zmurchok Math 102 Section 106. October 17, 2016
Optimal Foraging Cole Zmurchok Math 102 Section 106 October 17, 2016 Announcements Office Hours today: Monday October 17 from 3 to 6pm in Math Annex 1118 Midterm tomorrow (Individual test, no notes, calculators
More informationSupplemental Spreadsheets, PowerPoint Files and Other Class Materials
University of Kentucky UKnowledge Agricultural Economics Textbook Gallery Agricultural Economics 4-2015 Supplemental Spreadsheets, PowerPoint Files and Other Class Materials David L. Debertin University
More informationMITOCW big_picture_integrals_512kb-mp4
MITOCW big_picture_integrals_512kb-mp4 PROFESSOR: Hi. Well, if you're ready, this will be the other big side of calculus. We still have two functions, as before. Let me call them the height and the slope:
More informationThis past April, Math
The Mathematics Behind xkcd A Conversation with Randall Munroe Laura Taalman This past April, Math Horizons sat down with Randall Munroe, the author of the popular webcomic xkcd, to talk about some of
More information1 Lesson 11: Antiderivatives of Elementary Functions
1 Lesson 11: Antiderivatives of Elementary Functions Chapter 6 Material: pages 237-252 in the textbook: The material in this lesson covers The definition of the antiderivative of a function of one variable.
More informationAdventures. 1 Warm-up. 2 Conversation. Language box Adventures. a Talk about the pictures with a partner.
9 Adventures Focus Grammar Vocabulary personal experiences present perfect ever/never adventurous activities adjectives to describe experiences 1 Warm-up a Talk about the pictures with a partner. Where
More informationMANUSCRIPT FORM - LEARNING GOALS
1 MANUSCRIPT FORM MANUSCRIPT FORM - LEARNING GOALS IN THIS CHAPTER WE WILL STUDY HOW TO PRESENT YOUR COMPOSITION TO A READER SO THAT HE OR SHE CAN READ IT EASILY. 1. WHAT SHOULD YOUR COMPOSITION LOOK LIKE
More informationMixing in the Box A detailed look at some of the myths and legends surrounding Pro Tools' mix bus.
From the DigiZine online magazine at www.digidesign.com Tech Talk 4.1.2003 Mixing in the Box A detailed look at some of the myths and legends surrounding Pro Tools' mix bus. By Stan Cotey Introduction
More informationHomework Packet Week #5 All problems with answers or work are examples.
Lesson 8.1 Construct the graphical display for each given data set. Describe the distribution of the data. 1. Construct a box-and-whisker plot to display the number of miles from school that a number of
More informationMiro Kozel. Logo Evaluation
Logo Evaluation Logo Evaluation On the above two pages you can see I have compiled 48 logos which are to my liking. All of these are quite modern and interesting, they are in some ways logos I am aspiring
More informationRevelation Principle; Quasilinear Utility
Revelation Principle; Quasilinear Utility Lecture 14 Revelation Principle; Quasilinear Utility Lecture 14, Slide 1 Lecture Overview 1 Recap 2 Revelation Principle 3 Impossibility 4 Quasilinear Utility
More informationThe Lazy Man Explains the Irrational. E. L. Lady
The Lazy Man Explains the Irrational E. L. Lady I ve been thinking about those numbers that you can t write as fractions, Mr. Tinker said. Irrational numbers, they re called, the Lazy Man answered. Well,
More information-1- Tessellator. Geometry Playground Formative Evaluation Nina Hido formative, mathematics, geometry, spatial reasoning, Geometry Playground
-1- Tessellator Geometry Playground Formative Evaluation Nina Hido 2009 formative, mathematics, geometry, spatial reasoning, Geometry Playground -2- Table of Contents Background... 3 Goals... 3 Methods...
More informationThis is a vocabulary test. Please select the option a, b, c, or d which has the closest meaning to the word in bold.
The New Vocabulary Levels Test This is a vocabulary test. Please select the option a, b, c, or d which has the closest meaning to the word in bold. Example question see: They saw it. a. cut b. waited for
More informationSCANNER TUNING TUTORIAL Author: Adam Burns
SCANNER TUNING TUTORIAL Author: Adam Burns Let me say first of all that nearly all the techniques mentioned in this tutorial were gleaned from watching (and listening) to Bill Benner (president of Pangolin
More informationCircular Villages by Zoltan P. Dienes
Circular Villages. 2003 by Zoltan P. Dienes (Some fun with the associative rule or bunching rule ). Note: An earlier version of this paper was published in the New Zealand Mathematics Magazine in two parts:
More informationAskDrCallahan Calculus 1 Teacher s Guide
AskDrCallahan Calculus 1 Teacher s Guide 3rd Edition rev 080108 Dale Callahan, Ph.D., P.E. Lea Callahan, MSEE, P.E. Copyright 2008, AskDrCallahan, LLC v3-r080108 www.askdrcallahan.com 2 Welcome to AskDrCallahan
More informationA nice list for those who do not want to compile their own!
A nice list for those who do not want to compile their own! THE ELEMENTS OF DESIGN AND PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN The Elements of Design are the things that artists and designers work with to create a design,
More informationThe Road to Health ACT I. MRS. JACKSON: Well, I think we better have the doctor, although I don t know how I can pay him.
The Road to Health CHARACTERS: Mrs. Jackson (A widow) Mrs. King (A friend) Frances (Mrs. King s daughter) Frank (Mrs. Jackson s son) Mollie (Mrs. Jackson s daughter) Miss Brooks (Frank s teacher) Katie
More informationREAD THIS FIRST. Morphologi G3. Quick Start Guide. MAN0412 Issue1.1
READ THIS FIRST Morphologi G3 Quick Start Guide MAN0412 Issue1.1 Malvern Instruments Ltd. 2008 Malvern Instruments makes every effort to ensure that this document is correct. However, due to Malvern Instruments
More informationTelephone calls and the Brontosaurus Adam Atkinson
Telephone calls and the Brontosaurus Adam Atkinson (ghira@mistral.co.uk) This article provides more detail than my talk at GG with the same title. I am occasionally asked questions along the lines of When
More informationThe unbelievable musical magic of the number 12
The unbelievable musical magic of the number 12 This is an extraordinary tale. It s worth some good exploratory time. The students will encounter many things they already half know, and they will be enchanted
More informationAppendix D: The Monty Hall Controversy
Appendix D: The Monty Hall Controversy Appendix D: The Monty Hall Controversy - Page 1 Let's Make a Deal Prepared by Rich Williams, Spring 1991 Last Modified Fall, 2001 You are playing Let's Make a Deal
More informationProceedings of the Third International DERIVE/TI-92 Conference
Description of the TI-92 Plus Module Doing Advanced Mathematics with the TI-92 Plus Module Carl Leinbach Gettysburg College Bert Waits Ohio State University leinbach@cs.gettysburg.edu waitsb@math.ohio-state.edu
More informationEquality and inequality
Block 1 Student Activity Sheet The king ruled his kingdom in a strange manner. He fancied himself as clever and thus provided the following riddle to his court. I have three identical vessels, he pronounced.
More informationLogic and Artificial Intelligence Lecture 0
Logic and Artificial Intelligence Lecture 0 Eric Pacuit Visiting Center for Formal Epistemology, CMU Center for Logic and Philosophy of Science Tilburg University ai.stanford.edu/ epacuit e.j.pacuit@uvt.nl
More informationDEVIOUS DATING By David Burton
DEVIOUS DATING By David Burton Copyright 1997 by David Burton, All rights reserved. ISBN 1-930961-12-X CAUTION: Professionals and amateurs are hereby warned that this Work is subject to a royalty. This
More informationGROWING VOICE COMPETITION SPOTLIGHTS URGENCY OF IP TRANSITION By Patrick Brogan, Vice President of Industry Analysis
RESEARCH BRIEF NOVEMBER 22, 2013 GROWING VOICE COMPETITION SPOTLIGHTS URGENCY OF IP TRANSITION By Patrick Brogan, Vice President of Industry Analysis An updated USTelecom analysis of residential voice
More information(Refer Slide Time 1:58)
Digital Circuits and Systems Prof. S. Srinivasan Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Lecture - 1 Introduction to Digital Circuits This course is on digital circuits
More informationCONQUERING CONTENT EXCERPT OF FINDINGS
CONQUERING CONTENT N O V E M B E R 2 0 1 5! EXCERPT OF FINDINGS 1 The proliferation of TV shows: a boon for TV viewers, a challenge for the industry More new shows: # of scripted original series (by year):
More informationGCSE Mathematics Practice Tests: Set 4
GCSE Mathematics Practice Tests: Set 4 Paper 2F (Calculator) Time: 1 hour 30 minutes You should have: Ruler graduated in centimetres and millimetres, protractor, pair of compasses, pen, HB pencil, eraser,
More informationInvestigation of Aesthetic Quality of Product by Applying Golden Ratio
Investigation of Aesthetic Quality of Product by Applying Golden Ratio Vishvesh Lalji Solanki Abstract- Although industrial and product designers are extremely aware of the importance of aesthetics quality,
More informationChapter 27. Inferences for Regression. Remembering Regression. An Example: Body Fat and Waist Size. Remembering Regression (cont.)
Chapter 27 Inferences for Regression Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 27-1 Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley An
More informationLab P-6: Synthesis of Sinusoidal Signals A Music Illusion. A k cos.! k t C k / (1)
DSP First, 2e Signal Processing First Lab P-6: Synthesis of Sinusoidal Signals A Music Illusion Pre-Lab: Read the Pre-Lab and do all the exercises in the Pre-Lab section prior to attending lab. Verification:
More informationSandwich. Reuben BLT. Egg salad. Roast beef
3.2 Writing Expressions represents an unknown quantity? How can you write an expression that 1 ACTIVITY: Ordering Lunch Work with a partner. You use a $20 bill to buy lunch at a café. You order a sandwich
More informationAQUARIUM BY VIKTOR SUVOROV
AQUARIUM BY VIKTOR SUVOROV DOWNLOAD EBOOK : AQUARIUM BY VIKTOR SUVOROV PDF Click link bellow and free register to download ebook: AQUARIUM BY VIKTOR SUVOROV DOWNLOAD FROM OUR ONLINE LIBRARY By downloading
More informationRead each word aloud. Write the correct word in the sentence. she. tomorrow. Listen to your teacher. Say each new word. Then write it in the boxes.
High Frequency Words Presentation REVIEW HIGH FREQUENCY WORDS Read each word aloud. Write the correct word in the sentence. what at 1. Is Anna school? she she my 2. No, is not. time tomorrow 3. Call her.
More informationSequential Storyboards introduces the storyboard as visual narrative that captures key ideas as a sequence of frames unfolding over time
Section 4 Snapshots in Time: The Visual Narrative What makes interaction design unique is that it imagines a person s behavior as they interact with a system over time. Storyboards capture this element
More informationTranscriber(s): Yankelewitz, Dina Verifier(s): Lew, Kristen Date Transcribed: Spring 2009 Page: 1 of 5
Page: 1 of 5 Line Time Speaker Transcript 1 0:00 T/R 2 Ok I want you to think about this train. [T/R 2: puts a red and orange train on the overhead.] Can everybody take out the rods and make this train
More informationElectronic Organ Survey, July 2011
Electronic Organ Survey, July 2011 Summary We received 45 responses (though some questions elicited fewer responses). This is sufficient to get a feel for the answers, but it does leave rather larger margins
More informationThe Future of Flow TV
The Future of Flow TV Colin Dixon, Founder & Chief Analyst, nscreenmedia colin@nscreenmedia.com twitter: @nscreenmedia Agenda TV Viewing Trends Pay TV Trends vmvpds (Skinny Bundles) What is TV industry
More informationGCSE MARKING SCHEME AUTUMN 2017 GCSE MATHEMATICS NUMERACY UNIT 1 - INTERMEDIATE TIER 3310U30-1. WJEC CBAC Ltd.
GCSE MARKING SCHEME AUTUMN 2017 GCSE MATHEMATICS NUMERACY UNIT 1 - INTERMEDIATE TIER 3310U30-1 INTRODUCTION This marking scheme was used by WJEC for the 2017 examination. It was finalised after detailed
More informationNetflix: Amazing Growth But At A High Price
Netflix: Amazing Growth But At A High Price Mar. 17, 2018 5:27 AM ET8 comments by: Jonathan Cooper Summary Amazing user growth, projected to accelerate into Q1'18. Contribution profit per subscriber continues
More informationDINNER GAME 20 Things I Love about
20 Things I Love about Come up with a topic together or put some ideas in jar and pull out one randomly. Examples could be a season or a person or place. Then go around the table and have everyone name
More informationN3ZI Digital Dial Manual For kit with Serial LCD Rev 3.04 Aug 2012
N3ZI Digital Dial Manual For kit with Serial LCD Rev 3.04 Aug 2012 Kit properly assembled and configured for Standard Serial LCD (LCD Not yet connected) Kit Components Item Qty Designator Part Color/Marking
More informationUnit 7, Lesson 1: Exponent Review
Unit 7, Lesson 1: Exponent Review 1. Write each expression using an exponent: a. b. c. d. The number of coins Jada will have on the eighth day, if Jada starts with one coin and the number of coins doubles
More informationLinear programming is a quantitative technique that can optimally allocate
Linear Programming CHAPTER 26 Linear programming is a quantitative technique that can optimally allocate an agency s resources under conditions of certainty. The agency may be in the public or nonprofi
More informationThe structure of this ppt
The structure of this ppt 1.1.-1.10.. Functional issues in the English sentence 2.1.-2.9... Grammatical functions and related relations 2.1.-2.2. A VP-internal alternation 2.3. The four dimensions 2.4.
More information*High Frequency Words also found in Texas Treasures Updated 8/19/11
Child s name (first & last) after* about along a lot accept a* all* above* also across against am also* across* always afraid American and* an add another afternoon although as are* after* anything almost
More informationSelf-Publishing and Collection Development
Self-Publishing and Collection Development Holley, Robert P Published by Purdue University Press Holley, Robert P.. Self-Publishing and Collection Development: Opportunities and Challenges for Libraries.
More informationSupplemental results from a Garden To Café scannable taste test survey for snack fruit administered in classrooms at PSABX on 12/14/2017
Supplemental results from a Garden To Café scannable taste test survey for snack fruit administered in classrooms at PSABX on 12/14/2017 Robert Abrams, Ph.D. 2/14/2018 Table Contents Executive Summary...
More informationA Recent Controversy on Marxian Fundamental Theorem in Japan
A Recent Controversy on Marxian Fundamental Theorem in Japan Tadasu MATSUO (Kurume University, Japan) 1. Introduction I introduce in this paper an outline of a recent controversy in Japan, which is carried
More informationComparison of Adjectives
Comparison of Adjectives A) The comparative degree of all adjectives of one syllable (and a few of two syllables) is obtained by adding er to the positive degree (big, bigger; small, smaller, etc.). The
More information(Skip to step 11 if you are already familiar with connecting to the Tribot)
LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT Lab 5 Remember back in Lab 2 when the Tribot was commanded to drive in a specific pattern that had the shape of a bow tie? Specific commands were passed to the motors to command how
More informationIn the center we ve got 2 views of a typical 2 foot by 4 foot fluorescent light fixture, or ceiling troffer. The upper photo shows it in the ceiling,
1 2 3 In the center we ve got 2 views of a typical 2 foot by 4 foot fluorescent light fixture, or ceiling troffer. The upper photo shows it in the ceiling, and the lower photo shows it out of the ceiling,
More informationMOBILE DEFENDERS : QUALITY GUIDE FEBRUARY 2019 MOBILE DEFENDERS QUALITY GUIDE. Shenzhen, China: Our second home.
MOBILE DEFENDERS : QUALITY GUIDE FEBRUARY 2019 MOBILE DEFENDERS QUALITY GUIDE Shenzhen, China: Our second home. MOBILE DEFENDERS : QUALITY GUIDE FEBRUARY 2019 INTRODUCTION At Mobile Defenders, we realize
More informationntre.ir ENGLISH FILE 2 End-of-course Test Grammar, Vocabulary, and Pronunciation
CLSS Grammar, Vocabulary, and Pronunciation GRMMR 1 Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the verb in parentheses. Example: I usually get up (get up) at seven o clock. 1 Tod (watch) TV at the
More informationDraw a Venn Diagram and assign the details on the next slide to the categories of Fiction or Nonfiction.
Draw a Venn Diagram and assign the details on the next slide to the categories of Fiction or Nonfiction. Literary elements Main idea and details Read for entertainment Read for information, learning, or
More informationMITOCW watch?v=vifkgfl1cn8
MITOCW watch?v=vifkgfl1cn8 The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To
More informationThe following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support
MITOCW Lecture 17 The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a
More informationMATH BOOKMAKING IDEAS TO FLIP, FLAP, AND FOLD
MATH BOOKMAKING IDEAS TO FLIP, FLAP, AND FOLD CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Karen Bauer, Jan Brennan, Rosa Drew, Ronda Howley, Heidi Meyer, Tiffani Mugurassa, and Brenda Wyma EDITOR Alaska Hults ILLUSTRATOR Jane
More informationPrevious Lecture Sequential Circuits. Slide Summary of contents covered in this lecture. (Refer Slide Time: 01:55)
Previous Lecture Sequential Circuits Digital VLSI System Design Prof. S. Srinivasan Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Lecture No 7 Sequential Circuit Design Slide
More information**REMEMBER, I AM OUT FOR PSSA THIS WEEK** **PLEASE GO OVER THIS POWERPOINT AND COMPLETE THE HOMEWORK TICKET THAT GOES ALONG WITH IT SENT IN KMAIL**
**REMEMBER, I AM OUT FOR PSSA THIS WEEK** **PLEASE GO OVER THIS POWERPOINT AND COMPLETE THE HOMEWORK TICKET THAT GOES ALONG WITH IT SENT IN KMAIL** **PLEASE REMEMBER YOUR UNIT 17 NOVEL AND PROJECT AND
More informationThe European Printing Industry Report
The European Printing Industry Report Research and Publication by GAIN (Graphic Arts Intelligence Network) VERSION 2009 (including evolution from 2005 and 2013 forecast) printed products printing processes
More informationHow Startups can stand out from the crowd. Saul Colt Chief Evangelist xero.com
or How Startups can stand out from the crowd. Saul Colt Chief Evangelist xero.com A NYT best selling author once told me to drop the first two slides from my talks because no one cares about the about
More informationTHE FALLACIES OF RHETORIC R H E T O R I C A L A N A L Y S I S B A C K G R O U N D I N F O R M A T I O N
THE FALLACIES OF RHETORIC R H E T O R I C A L A N A L Y S I S B A C K G R O U N D I N F O R M A T I O N WHAT ARE THE HOLES IN THIS ARGUMENT? WHAT ARE THE HOLES IN THIS ARGUMENT? WHAT IS A FALLACY? Fallacy:
More information7. Translation Exercises, Units 11 24: For Each Complete Unit
7 Translation: For Each Complete Unit 210 7. Translation Exercises, Units 11 24: For Each Complete Unit Unit 11: Translation Exercise 1. I haven t gone for half a year. 2. English, how long have you been
More informationGUIDELINES FOR EXAMINATION OF EUROPEAN UNION TRADE MARKS EUROPEAN UNION INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OFFICE (EUIPO) PART B EXAMINATION SECTION 4
GUIDELINES FOR EXAMINATION OF EUROPEAN UNION TRADE MARKS EUROPEAN UNION INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OFFICE (EUIPO) PART B EXAMINATION SECTION 4 ABSOLUTE GROUNDS FOR REFUSAL CHAPTER 2 EUTM Definition (Article
More informationMike Widener C-85: Law Books: History & Connoisseurship 28 July 1 August 2014
Detailed Course Evaluation Mike Widener C-85: Law Books: History & Connoisseurship 28 July 1 August 2014 1) How useful were the pre-course readings? Did you do any additional preparations in advance of
More informationYear 7. Topic 1: The Elements of Music. End of Year Expected. pg. 1
Year 7 Topic 1: The Elements of Music Name: Class: End of Year Expected Grade pg. 1 Music Department Rules 1) Line up quietly in a straight line outside the classroom. 2) When you are told to by your teacher
More informationGENETICS BY MONROE W. STRICKBERGER DOWNLOAD EBOOK : GENETICS BY MONROE W. STRICKBERGER PDF
Read Online and Download Ebook GENETICS BY MONROE W. STRICKBERGER DOWNLOAD EBOOK : GENETICS BY MONROE W. STRICKBERGER PDF Click link bellow and free register to download ebook: GENETICS BY MONROE W. STRICKBERGER
More informationDynamic Semantics! (Part 1: Not Actually Dynamic Semantics) Brian Morris, William Rose
Dynamic Semantics! (Part 1: Not Actually Dynamic Semantics) Brian Morris, William Rose 2016-04-13 Semantics Truth-Conditional Semantics Recall: way back in two thousand and aught fifteen... Emma and Gabe
More informationLauren. the house smells like apple pie thanks to the burning candle on the mantel.
1 Lauren the house smells like apple pie thanks to the burning candle on the mantel. Uncle Josh and my three cousins are outside throwing the football around. Apparently this small town loves football
More informationAudio Metering Measurements, Standards, and Practice (2 nd Edition) Eddy Bøgh Brixen
Audio Metering Measurements, Standards, and Practice (2 nd Edition) Eddy Bøgh Brixen Some book reviews just about write themselves. Pick the highlights from the table of contents, make a few comments about
More informationTina: (crying) Oh no! Oh no!! This can t be true. My Bobo, my poor little funny old Bobo! (Enter Tricky. He sees Tina and turns to leave quickly)
Clowning Around Drama 2: Bobo is back! Characters: Bobo the clown Tina Tightrope Tricky Trapeze Mickey Muscle Voice: Ladies and gentlemen, boys and girls, welcome to the world famous Silly Bart s circus!
More informationThere are three categories of unique transitions to choose from, all of which can be found on the Transitions tab:
PowerPoint 2013 Applying Transitions Introduction If you've ever seen a PowerPoint presentation that had special effects between each slide, you've seen slide transitions. A transition can be as simple
More informationLightning Source & Lulu Online Print-on-Demand/eBook Publishers (Overview & Comparison)
Lightning Source & Lulu Online Print-on-Demand/eBook Publishers (Overview & Comparison) Ray Uzwyshyn, Ph.D. MBA MLIS Director, Collection and Digital Services Texas State University Libraries Lulu and
More informationDigital differences. New data and trends. Kathryn Zickuhr, Research Specialist Pew Research Center s Internet & American Life Project
Digital differences New data and trends Kathryn Zickuhr, Research Specialist Pew Research Center s Internet & American Life Project American Library Association Spectrum Leadership Institute Anaheim, CA
More informationIntroduction to the class
Introduction to the class Music is truly an art form. Like poetry, acting, and painting, it is a means of communicating the thoughts, feelings, and messages of the author or performer. Music, however,
More informationSection 1 The Portfolio
The Board of Editors in the Life Sciences Diplomate Program Portfolio Guide The examination for diplomate status in the Board of Editors in the Life Sciences consists of the evaluation of a submitted portfolio,
More informationKEY STAGE 3 MUSIC PROJECTS
M USIC T EACHERSCOUK the internet service for practical musicians KEY STAGE 3 MUSIC PROJECTS PUPIL S BOOK Name Form This book is photocopyable for 30 pupils This project was costly to create If you have
More informationCurriculum Development Project
1 Kamen Nikolov EDCT 585 Dr. Perry Marker Fall 2003 Curriculum Development Project For my Curriculum Development Project, I am going to devise a curriculum which will be based on change and globalization
More informationTechnical Appendices to: Is Having More Channels Really Better? A Model of Competition Among Commercial Television Broadcasters
Technical Appendices to: Is Having More Channels Really Better? A Model of Competition Among Commercial Television Broadcasters 1 Advertising Rates for Syndicated Programs In this appendix we provide results
More informationThe Early Economic Writings of Alfred Marshall, Volume 2
The Early Economic Writings of Alfred Marshall, 1867-1890 Volume 2 Alfred Marshall about 1892 The Early Economic Writings of Alfred Marshall, 1867-1890 Edited and Introduced by J. K. Whitaker Professor
More informationSonarWiz Layback - Cable-Out Tutorial
SonarWiz Layback - Cable-Out Tutorial Revision 6.0,4/30/2015 Chesapeake Technology, Inc. email: support@chesapeaketech.com Main Web site: http://www.chesapeaketech.com Support Web site: http://www.chestech-support.com
More informationAREA OF KNOWLEDGE: MATHEMATICS
AREA OF KNOWLEDGE: MATHEMATICS Introduction Mathematics: the rational mind is at work. When most abstracted from the world, mathematics stands apart from other areas of knowledge, concerned only with its
More informationThe Fight to Save the Banana!
THE ENGLISH NEWS WEEKLY PODCAST JAIME SELWOOD 06/11/2015 The Emotional Robot 1 of 13 FLASHBACK ENW 206: THE DEATH OF COFFEE? The Fight to Save the Banana! ENW 342 Introduction This week s English News
More informationTechnology. The Not-So-Small Small Screen Peter DaSilva for The New York Times
Published: July 6, 2006 Technology The Not-So-Small Small Screen Peter DaSilva for The New York Times Loren McKechnie, far left, shows Maria Beatrice Bocciolesi and John Calkins a 90-inch screen at Axiom
More informationStudy on the audiovisual content viewing habits of Canadians in June 2014
Study on the audiovisual content viewing habits of Canadians in 2014 June 2014 Table of contents Context, objectives and methodology 3 Summary of results 9 Detailed results 14 Audiovisual content viewing
More informationAlgorithmic Composition: The Music of Mathematics
Algorithmic Composition: The Music of Mathematics Carlo J. Anselmo 18 and Marcus Pendergrass Department of Mathematics, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA 23943 ABSTRACT We report on several techniques
More informationGroup Project #3 Burning Steel Wool
Group Project #3 Burning Steel Wool By: Ryan Kelly Partner: Greg Lundeen MCEN 4151 Professor Hertzberg 5/1/2012 Purpose The purpose for this visualization was for the Group Project #3 assignment assigned
More informationBuilding and using economic models: a case study analysis of the IS-LL model
Journal of Economic Methodology 9:2, 191±212 2002 Building and using economic models: a case study analysis of the IS-LL model Thomas J. Dohmen Abstract This paper critically assesses several model accounts
More information