CSLAP 2015 Lake Water Quality Summary: Lake Peekskill

Transcription

1 CSLAP 25 Lake Water Quality Summary: Lake Peekskill General Lake Information Location County Basin Size Lake Origins Watershed Area Retention Time Mean Depth Sounding Depth Public Access? Town of Putnam Valley Putnam Lower Hudson River 23.3 hectares (57.6 acres) Natural 286 hectares (76.4 acres).5 years 3.7 meters 7.5 meters no Major Tributaries Lake Tributary To no named tribs unnamed outlet to Peekskill Hollow Creek to Annsville Creek to Hudson River WQ Classification B (contact recreation = swimming) Lake Outlet Latitude Lake Outlet Longitude Sampling Years , 996, 998, 2-2, 22, Samplers Rosanne Walsh, David Mei Main Contact Ted Muniak Lake Map pg.

2 Background Lake Peekskill is a 57 acre, class B lake found in the Town of Putnam Valley in Putnam County, in the lower Hudson River region of New York State. It was first sampled as part of CSLAP in 99. It is one of 5 CSLAP lakes among the more than 25 lakes and ponds found in Putnam County, and one of 67 CSLAP lakes among the more than 368 lakes and ponds in the Lower Hudson River drainage basin. Lake Uses Lake Peekskill is a Class B lake; this means that the best intended use for the lake is for contact recreation swimming and bathing and non-contact recreation boating and aesthetics, although the lake is for aesthetics and by aquatic life. The lake is used by lake residents and invited guests for a variety of recreational purposes the lake has no public access. The state does not stock Lake Peekskill; it is not known if any private stocking occurs. General statewide fishing regulations are applicable in Lake Peekskill. Historical Water Quality Data CSLAP sampling was conducted on Lake Peekskill from 99 to 994, 996, 998, 2 to 2, 22, and from 24 to 25. The CSLAP reports for each of the past several years can be found on the NYSFOLA website at The most recent reports for Lake Peekskill can also be found on the NYSDEC web page at Lake Peekskill was not sampled through any of the major NYS monitoring programs prior to CSLAP. It is not known if private monitoring has been conducted to support resource management (water or fisheries). Lake Association and Management History Lake Peekskill is represented by the Lake Peekskill Improvement District (and Preservation Committee). In addition to involvement in CSLAP, the district is involved in a boat tagging program (to keep track of residential boats) and other lake management activities. It is not known if the district or preservation committee maintains a website. pg. 2

3 Summary of 25 CSLAP Sampling Results Evaluation of 25 Annual Results Relative to The summer (mid-june through mid-september) average readings are compared to historical averages for all CSLAP sampling seasons in the Lake Condition Summary table, and are compared to individual historical CSLAP sampling seasons in the Long Term Data Plots Lake Peekskill section in Appendix C. Evaluation of Eutrophication Indicators Lake Peekskill was probably more productive than usual in 25. Water clarity readings were lower than usual, and have decreased since the early 99s. This is consistent with a long-term increase in total phosphorus readings and slightly higher than normal phosphorus readings in 25. However, algae levels (as measured by chlorophyll a) were close to normal in 25, and these readings have not changed significantly over the last 25 years. Lake productivity usually increases during the summer, as manifested in decreasing clarity from increasing algae levels from June through October. However, while phosphorus readings decreased after July of 25, neither water clarity nor chlorophyll a exhibited any clear seasonal changes in 25. The lake can usually be characterized as mesoeutrophic, based on water clarity (typical of mesotrophic lakes), chlorophyll a and total phosphorus readings (both typical of eutrophic lakes). 24 and 25 conditions were more typical of eutrophic lakes. The trophic state indices (TSI) evaluation suggests that algae levels are often slightly higher than expected given the phosphorus and water clarity readings in the lake. This suggests that algae growth may be patchy, consistent with periodic reports of algae blooms. Overall trophic conditions are summarized on the Lake Scorecard and Lake Condition Summary Table. Evaluation of Potable Water Indicators Algae levels are regularly high enough to render the lake susceptible to taste and odor compounds or elevated DBP (disinfection by product) compounds that could affect the potability of the water, although the lake is not classified for this purpose. Lake Peekskill appears to be thermally stratified, at least occasionally during the summer, based on limited deepwater sampling data. The limited deepwater phosphorus data indicates that any deeper intakes may be compromised for potable water use, due to depressed oxygen levels. Potable water conditions, at least as measurable through CSLAP, are summarized in the Lake Scorecard and Lake Condition Summary Table. Evaluation of Limnological Indicators Conductivity readings have increased over the last twenty years, and were higher than normal in 24 and 25. It is not known to what extent the rise in conductivity is related to the increase in phosphorus levels (and recent increase in ammonia levels). Calcium and total nitrogen readings were slightly higher than usual in 25, but neither indicator has exhibited any long-term trends. pg. 3

4 It is likely that the small changes in most of these indicators from year to year represent normal variability. Chloride levels in the 25 samples, collected for the first time through CSLAP and cited in Appendix A, were 3 mg/l. These values fall within the range of major road salt runoff levels cited by the New Hampshire DES. These readings are below the state potable water quality standard of 25 mg/l but well above the typical range of values found in most NYS lakes. These readings suggest a moderate to high likelihood of biological impacts from road salt. Additional data will help to determine if these represent normal readings for the lake. Overall limnological conditions are summarized in the Lake Scorecard and Lake Condition Summary Table. Evaluation of Biological Condition The fluoroprobe screening samples analyzed by SUNY ESF demonstrated some dense algae communities dominated by blue green algae, and others controlled by other algae species. In 24, open water total and blue green algae levels decreased later in the summer, and exhibited low toxin levels. In 25, the highest algae levels were dominated by green algae. However, shoreline bloom samples, along the western shoreline and southwest corner of the lake in previous years, and along the northern shoreline in 25, had consistently high blue green algae levels and some high toxin levels. Very limited macrophyte surveys have been conducted through CSLAP at Lake Peekskill. These surveys found a small number of native plant species, but no evidence of either exotic or protected plants. The very limited dataset and modified floristic quality index (FQI) calculations indicate that the quality of the aquatic plant community was excellent, but this assessment should be updated with a more complete survey (and may be inaccurate given the paucity of plants reported in recent years). Zooplankton and macroinvertebrate surveys have not been conducted through CSLAP. The composition of the fish community is not known, although it is likely that Lake Peekskill supports a warmwater fishery. DEC investigated a phytoplankton bloom and reports of brown bullhead deformities in 99; fish samples indicated that this was a benign papillomas. Biological conditions in the lake are summarized in the Lake Scorecard and Lake Condition Summary Table. Evaluation of Lake Perception Recreational and water quality assessments were more favorable than usual in 25, despite lower water clarity and higher phosphorus readings. However, these assessments have been highly favorable since the early 99s, consistent with regular reports of green water in some years. Plant coverage again decreased in 25. Recreational assessments usually degrade from early to mid-summer, and then stay stable through the end of the sampling season. In 24 and 25, these assessments improved later in pg. 4

5 the summer, after the late July north shoreline blue green algae bloom. Overall lake perception is summarized on the Lake Scorecard and Lake Condition Summary Table. Evaluation of Local Climate Change Water temperatures have decreased slightly since the early 99s, although they were higher than the long-term average for the lake in 24. It is not known if this is an indication of local climate change or if these changes cannot be well evaluated through CSLAP. Evaluation of Algal Toxins Algal toxin levels can vary significantly within blooms and from shoreline to lake, and the absence of toxins in a sample does not indicate safe swimming conditions. Fluoroprobe readings at times exceed the threshold for harmful algal blooms (HABs), especially along the shoreline. An analysis of algae samples indicates microcystin and anatoxin-a levels below the levels needed to support safe swimming in open water sampling. However, shoreline blooms show elevated liver toxin levels, at times above the WHO criteria for unsafe swimming. Lake residents are advised to avoid contact with shoreline blooms or discolored water, since higher risk is associated with these visible bloom conditions. Lake Condition Summary Category Indicator Min Overall Eutrophication Indicators Potable Water Indicators Limnological Indicators Lake Perception Max 25 Classification 25 Change? Long-term Avg Avg Change? Water Clarity Mesotrophic Within Normal Range Decreasing Slightly Chlorophyll a Eutrophic Within Normal Range No Change Total Phosphorus Eutrophic Within Normal Range Hypolimnetic Ammonia Hypolimnetic Arsenic Hypolimnetic Iron Hypolimnetic Manganese Hypolimnetic Phosphorus Increasing Slightly Nitrate + Nitrite Low NOx Within Normal Range No Change Ammonia Low Ammonia Within Normal Range No Change Total Nitrogen Intermediate Total Nitrogen Within Normal Range No Change ph Alkaline Within Normal Range No Change Specific Conductance Hardwater Higher than Normal Increasing Significantly True Color Intermediate Color Within Normal Range No Change Calcium Highly Susceptible to Zebra Mussels Within Normal Range No Change WQ Assessment Definite Algal Greenness More Favorable Than Normal No Change Aquatic Plant Coverage.6 4. Subsurface Plant Growth Within Normal Range No Change Recreational Assessment Excellent More Favorable Than Normal No Change pg. 5

6 Category Indicator Min Overall Avg Max 25 Avg Classification 25 Change? Long-term Change? Biological Open water-high blue Phytoplankton Condition green algae biomass Macrophytes Poor quality of the aquatic plant community Zooplankton Not measured through CSLAP Macroinvertebrates Not measured through CSLAP Fish Warmwater fishery Local Climate Change Harmful Algal Blooms Invasive Species Eurasian watermilfoil Air Temperature Within Normal Range No Change Water Temperature Higher Than Normal No Change Open Water Phycocyanin Some readings indicate high risk of BGA Open Water FP Chl.a 2 6 Some readings indicate high algae levels Open Water FP BG Chl.a 9 7 Few readings indicate high BGA levels Open Water Microcystis <DL <DL.5 <DL Low to undetectable open water microcystins Open water Anatoxin-a Open Water Anatoxin a <DL <DL <DL <DL consistently not detectable Shoreline Phycocyanin No shoreline blooms sampled for PC Shoreline FP Chl.a Most readings indicate high algae levels Shoreline FP BG Chl.a Most readings indicate high BGA levels Shoreline Microcystis <DL <DL Very high shoreline bloom MC-LR Shoreline bloom Anatoxina Shoreline Anatoxin a <DL <DL <DL <DL consistently not detectable Evaluation of Lake Condition Impacts to Lake Uses The 28 NYSDEC Priority Waterbody Listings (PWL) for the Lower Hudson River drainage basin indicate that recreation and aquatic life in Lake Peekskill may be stressed by poor cover (due to habitat modification). The 28 PWL listing for the lake is shown in Appendix B. Potable Water (Drinking Water) The CSLAP dataset at Lake Peekskill, including water chemistry data, physical measurements, and volunteer samplers perception data, is inadequate to evaluate the use of the lake for potable water, and the lake is not classified for this use. These data suggest that any unofficial use of the lake for potable water may be compromised by excessive algae. Public Bathing The CSLAP dataset at Lake Peekskill, including water chemistry data, physical measurements, and volunteer samplers perception data, suggests that public bathing, if conducted at a public swimming beach, is stressed by excessive algae, shoreline algae blooms, excessive nutrients, and poor water clarity. Bacterial data are needed to evaluate the safety of the lake for swimming. Recreation (Swimming and Non-Contact Uses) The CSLAP dataset on Lake Peekskill, including water chemistry data, physical measurements, and volunteer samplers perception data, suggest that recreation may be impaired by excessive pg. 6

7 algae and shoreline blue green algae blooms, although these impacts are more apparent in some years. Aquatic Life The CSLAP dataset on Lake Peekskill, including water chemistry data, physical measurements, and volunteer samplers perception data, suggest that aquatic life may be stressed by elevated ph and threatened by road salt runoff. Additional data are needed to evaluate the food and habitat conditions for aquatic organisms in the lake. Aesthetics and Habitat The CSLAP dataset on Lake Peekskill, including water chemistry data, physical measurements, and volunteer samplers perception data, suggest that aesthetics are at times poor due to poor water clarity and shoreline blue green algae blooms. Habitat may at times be only fair due to invasive weeds, although aquatic plant was lower than usual in 25. Fish Consumption There is no fish consumption advisories posted for Lake Peekskill. Additional Comments and Recommendations It is not known if any exotic plant species have been introduced to the lake; the sampling volunteers should conduct any aquatic plant inventory. Lake residents are also advised to report and sample any shoreline blooms, and all residents should avoid exposure to these blooms, given potentially elevated toxin levels. Aquatic Plant IDs-25 None submitted for identification in 25. pg. 7

8 TP and Chl.a (µg/l) Zsd (m) TP and Chl.a, µg/l Zsd, m Time Series: Trophic Indicators, 25 2 TotalP Chl.a Zsd 3 6/25/25 7/25/25 8/24/25 9/23/25 /23/25 Time Series: Trophic Indicators, Typical Year (99-25) TP Chl.a Zsd June July Aug Sept Oct pg. 8

9 Time Series: Lake Perception Indicators, 25 6/25/25 7/25/25 8/24/25 9/23/25 /23/25 Most Favorable Perception 2 Perception Clarity Weeds Recreation Least Favorable Time Series: Lake Perception Indicators, Typical Year (99-25) June July Aug Sept Oct Most Favorable Clarity Weeds Recreation Least Favorable pg. 9

10 Appendix A- CSLAP Water Quality Sampling Results for Lake Peekskill LNum PName Date Zbot Zsd Zsamp Tot.P NO3 NH4 TDN TN/TP TColor ph Cond25 Ca Chl.a Cl 73 L Peekskill 7/8/ L Peekskill 7/22/ L Peekskill 8/5/ L Peekskill 8/9/ L Peekskill 9// L Peekskill 9/24/ L Peekskill /7/ L Peekskill 7/22/ L Peekskill 7/28/ L Peekskill 8/4/ L Peekskill 8// L Peekskill 8/8/ L Peekskill 8/25/ L Peekskill 9/2/ L Peekskill 9/8/ L Peekskill 9/5/ L Peekskill 6/7/ L Peekskill 6/2/ L Peekskill 7/5/ L Peekskill 7/9/ L Peekskill 8/2/ L Peekskill 8/6/ L Peekskill 8/3/ L Peekskill 9/3/ L Peekskill 6/2/ L Peekskill 6/27/ L Peekskill 7// L Peekskill 7/25/ L Peekskill 8/8/ L Peekskill 8/22/ L Peekskill 9/5/ L Peekskill 9/26/ L Peekskill 6// L Peekskill 6/9/ L Peekskill 7// L Peekskill 7/26/ L Peekskill 8/7/ L Peekskill 8/2/ L Peekskill 9/4/ L Peekskill 7/4/ L Peekskill 8/25/ L Peekskill 9/5/ L Peekskill /6/ L Peekskill 6/28/ L Peekskill 7/9/ L Peekskill 7/26/ L Peekskill 8/2/ L Peekskill 9// L Peekskill 9/24/ L Peekskill 7// L Peekskill 7/5/ L Peekskill 7/29/ L Peekskill 8/2/ L Peekskill 6/23/ L Peekskill 7/7/ L Peekskill 7/2/ L Peekskill 8/4/ L Peekskill 8/8/ L Peekskill 9/2/ L Peekskill 9/6/ L Peekskill /6/ L Peekskill 7/3/ L Peekskill 7/3/ pg.

11 LNum PName Date Zbot Zsd Zsamp Tot.P NO3 NH4 TDN TN/TP TColor ph Cond25 Ca Chl.a Cl 73 L Peekskill 8/8/ L Peekskill 9/7/ L Peekskill 9/28/ L Peekskill /3/ L Peekskill /26/ L Peekskill /9/ L Peekskill 7/25/ L Peekskill 8/9/ L Peekskill 8/5/ L Peekskill 8/22/ L Peekskill 7/25/ L Peekskill 8/3/ L Peekskill 8/8/ L Peekskill 9// L Peekskill 9// L Peekskill 9/24/ L Peekskill /3/ L Peekskill 7/9/ L Peekskill 8/3/ L Peekskill 9/4/ L Peekskill 9/7/ L Peekskill 8/5/ L Peekskill 8/2/ L Peekskill 8/8/ L Peekskill 9/2/ L Peekskill 9// L Peekskill 9/7/ L Peekskill 9/29/ L Peekskill /6/ L Peekskill /3/ L Peekskill 7/27/ L Peekskill 8/4/ L Peekskill 8/8/ L Peekskill 9// L Peekskill 9/5/ L Peekskill 9/29/ L Peekskill /3/ L Peekskill 6/2/ L Peekskill 7/7/ L Peekskill 7/27/ L Peekskill 8// L Peekskill 9/7/ L Peekskill 9/5/ L Peekskill /2/ L Peekskill 7/3/ L Peekskill 8/24/ L Peekskill 9/25/ L Peekskill // L Peekskill /25/ L Peekskill 7/8/ L Peekskill 7/22/24 73 L Peekskill 8/2/ L Peekskill 8/8/ L Peekskill 8/8/24 73 L Peekskill 9// L Peekskill 9//24 73 L Peekskill 9/5/ L Peekskill 9/5/24 73 L Peekskill 9/3/ L Peekskill 9/3/24 73 L Peekskill /2/24 73 L Peekskill /2/ L Peekskill 7/5/ L Peekskill 7/26/ L Peekskill 7/26/25 73 L Peekskill 8/2/ pg.

12 LNum PName Date Zbot Zsd Zsamp Tot.P NO3 NH4 TDN TN/TP TColor ph Cond25 Ca Chl.a Cl 73 L Peekskill 8/2/ L Peekskill 9/7/ L Peekskill 9/2/ L Peekskill 7/26/ L Peekskill 9/4/ L Peekskill 9/7/ L Peekskill 8/5/27.59 LNum PName Date Zsamp TAir TH2 QA QB QC QD QF QG 73 L Peekskill 7/8/99 epi 73 L Peekskill 7/22/99 epi L Peekskill 8/5/99 epi L Peekskill 8/9/99 epi L Peekskill 9//99 epi L Peekskill 9/24/99 epi L Peekskill /7/99 epi L Peekskill 7/22/99 epi L Peekskill 7/28/99 epi L Peekskill 8/4/99 epi L Peekskill 8//99 epi L Peekskill 8/8/99 epi L Peekskill 8/25/99 epi L Peekskill 9/2/99 epi L Peekskill 9/8/99 epi L Peekskill 9/5/99 epi L Peekskill 6/7/992 epi L Peekskill 6/2/992 epi L Peekskill 7/5/992 epi L Peekskill 7/9/992 epi L Peekskill 8/2/992 epi L Peekskill 8/6/992 epi L Peekskill 8/3/992 epi L Peekskill 9/3/992 epi L Peekskill 6/2/993 epi L Peekskill 6/27/993 epi L Peekskill 7//993 epi L Peekskill 7/25/993 epi L Peekskill 8/8/993 epi L Peekskill 8/22/993 epi L Peekskill 9/5/993 epi L Peekskill 9/26/993 epi L Peekskill 6//994 epi L Peekskill 6/9/994 epi L Peekskill 7//994 epi L Peekskill 7/26/994 epi L Peekskill 8/7/994 epi L Peekskill 8/2/994 epi L Peekskill 9/4/994 epi L Peekskill 7/4/996 epi L Peekskill 8/25/996 epi L Peekskill 9/5/996 epi L Peekskill /6/996 epi L Peekskill 6/28/998 epi L Peekskill 7/9/998 epi L Peekskill 7/26/998 epi L Peekskill 8/2/998 epi L Peekskill 9//2 epi L Peekskill 9/24/2 epi L Peekskill 7//2 epi L Peekskill 7/5/2 epi L Peekskill 7/29/2 epi AQ- PC AQ- Chla MC- LR Ana-a Cyl FP-Chl FP-BG HAB Shore form HAB pg. 2

13 LNum PName Date Zsamp TAir TH2 QA QB QC QD QF QG AQ- PC AQ- Chla MC- LR Ana-a Cyl FP-Chl FP-BG HAB Shore form HAB 73 L Peekskill 8/2/2 epi L Peekskill 6/23/22 epi L Peekskill 7/7/22 epi L Peekskill 7/2/22 epi L Peekskill 8/4/22 epi L Peekskill 8/8/22 epi L Peekskill 9/2/22 epi L Peekskill 9/6/22 epi L Peekskill /6/22 epi L Peekskill 7/3/23 epi L Peekskill 7/3/23 epi L Peekskill 8/8/23 epi L Peekskill 9/7/23 epi L Peekskill 9/28/23 epi L Peekskill /3/23 epi L Peekskill /26/23 epi L Peekskill /9/23 epi L Peekskill 7/25/24 epi L Peekskill 8/9/24 epi L Peekskill 8/5/24 epi L Peekskill 8/22/24 epi L Peekskill 7/25/25 epi L Peekskill 8/3/25 epi L Peekskill 8/8/25 epi L Peekskill 9//25 epi L Peekskill 9//25 epi L Peekskill 9/24/25 epi L Peekskill /3/25 epi L Peekskill 7/9/26 epi L Peekskill 8/3/26 epi L Peekskill 9/4/26 epi L Peekskill 9/7/26 epi L Peekskill 8/5/27 epi L Peekskill 8/2/28 epi L Peekskill 8/8/28 epi L Peekskill 9/2/28 epi L Peekskill 9//28 epi L Peekskill 9/7/28 epi L Peekskill 9/29/28 epi L Peekskill /6/28 epi L Peekskill /3/28 epi L Peekskill 7/27/29 epi L Peekskill 8/4/29 epi L Peekskill 8/8/29 epi L Peekskill 9//29 epi L Peekskill 9/5/29 epi L Peekskill 9/29/29 epi L Peekskill /3/29 epi L Peekskill 6/2/2 epi L Peekskill 7/7/2 epi L Peekskill 7/27/2 epi L Peekskill 8//2 epi L Peekskill 9/7/2 epi L Peekskill 9/5/2 epi L Peekskill /2/2 epi L Peekskill 7/3/22 epi <.3 < L Peekskill 8/24/22 epi <.3 < L Peekskill 9/25/22 epi <.3 < B 73 L Peekskill //22 epi < B 73 L Peekskill /25/22 epi A 73 L Peekskill 7/8/24 epi <.39 <.3 <. i pg. 3

14 LNum PName Date Zsamp TAir TH2 QA QB QC QD QF QG AQ- AQ- MC- Ana-a Cyl FP-Chl FP-BG HAB Shore PC Chla LR form HAB 73 L Peekskill 7/22/24 bloom 3.9 <.48 < b 73 L Peekskill 8/2/24 epi <.33 <. < i 73 L Peekskill 8/8/24 epi <.42 <. < f abc 73 L Peekskill 8/8/24 bloom <.2 < abc 73 L Peekskill 9//24 epi <.25 <.4 < bi i 73 L Peekskill 9//24 bloom <.27 <.32 < i 73 L Peekskill 9/5/24 epi <.24 <.3 < fi d 73 L Peekskill 9/5/24 bloom 4.89 <.5 < d 73 L Peekskill 9/3/24 epi <.59 <.2 < i i 73 L Peekskill 9/3/24 bloom <.7 <.7 < i 73 L Peekskill /2/24 bloom <.8 < i 73 L Peekskill /2/24 epi <.95 <.9 < i i 73 L Peekskill 7/8/24 epi <.39 <.3 <. i 73 L Peekskill 7/22/24 bloom 3.9 <.48 < b 73 L Peekskill 7/5/25 epi <.86 <.8 < I I 73 L Peekskill 7/26/25 epi <.9 <.5 < D H 73 L Peekskill 7/26/25 bloom <.46 <.7 < L Peekskill 8/2/25 epi <.57 <. < DF DFH 73 L Peekskill 8/2/25 epi <.28 <.3 <... I I 73 L Peekskill 9/7/25 epi <.26 <.23 < I I 73 L Peekskill 9/2/25 epi <.3 <.7 < I I pg. 4

15 Legend Information Indicator Description Detection Limit General Information Lnum lake number (unique to CSLAP) Lname name of lake (as it appears in the Gazetteer of NYS Lakes) Date sampling date Standard (S) / Criteria (C) Field Parameters Zbot lake depth at sampling point, meters (m) Zsd Secchi disk transparency or clarity.m.2m ( C) Zsamp water sample depth (m) (epi = epilimnion or surface; bot = bottom).m none Tair air temperature ( C) -C none TH2 water temperature ( C) -C none Laboratory Parameters Tot.P total phosphorus (mg/l).3 mg/l.2 mg/l ( C) NOx nitrate + nitrite (mg/l). mg/l mg/l NO3 (S), 2 mg/l NO2 (S) NH4 total ammonia (mg/l). mg/l 2 mg/l NH4 (S) TN total nitrogen (mg/l). mg/l none TN/TP nitrogen to phosphorus (molar) ratio, = (TKN + NOx)*2.2/TP none TCOLOR true (filtered) color (ptu, platinum color units) ptu none ph powers of hydrogen (S.U., standard ph units). S.U. 6.5, 8.5 S.U. (S) Cond25 specific conductance, corrected to 25C (umho/cm) umho/cm none Ca, Cl calcium, chloride (mg/l) mg/l none Chl.a chlorophyll a (ug/l). ug/l none Fe iron (mg/l). mg/. mg/l (S) Mn manganese (mg/l). mg/l.3 mg/l (S) As arsenic (ug/l) ug/l ug/l (S) AQ-PC Phycocyanin (aquaflor) (unitless) unit none AQ-Chl Chlorophyll a (aquaflor) (ug/l) ug/l none MC-LR Microcystis-LR (ug/l). ug/l ug/l potable (C) 2 ug/l swimming (C) Ana Anatoxin-a (ug/l) variable none Cyl Cylindrospermposin (ug/l). ug/l none FP-Chl, FP-BG Fluoroprobe total chlorophyll, fluoroprobe blue-green chlorophyll (ug/l). ug/l none Lake Assessment QA water quality assessment; = crystal clear, 2 = not quite crystal clear, 3 = definite algae greenness, 4 = high algae levels, 5 = severely high algae levels QB aquatic plant assessment; = no plants visible, 2 = plants below surface, 3 = plants at surface, 4 = plants dense at surface, 5 = surface plant coverage QC QD recreational assessment; = could not be nicer, 2 = excellent, 3 = slightly impaired, 4 = substantially impaired, 5 = lake not usable reasons for recreational assessment; = poor water clarity, 2 = excessive weeds, 3 = too much algae, 4 = lake looks bad, 5 = poor weather, 6 = litter/surface debris, 7 = too many lake users, 8 = other QF, QG Health and safety issues today (QF) and past week (QG); = none, = taste/odor, 2 = GI illness humans/animals, 3 = swimmers itch, 4 = algae blooms, 5 = dead fish, 6 = unusual animals, 7 = other HAB form, Shore HAB HAB evaluation; A = spilled paint, B = pea soup, C = streaks, D = green dots, E = bubbling scum, F = green/brown tint, G = duckweed, H = other, I = no bloom pg. 5

16 Appendix B- Priority Waterbody Listing for Lake Peekskill pg. 6

17 pg. 7

18 Avg Summer Chl.a (ug/l) Avg Summer TN/TP Avg Summer TP (mg/l) Avg Summer TP (mg/l) Avg Summer Water Clarity (m) Avg Summer Lake Perception Appendix C- Long Term Trends: Lake Peekskill Long Term Trends: Water Clarity clarity Most readings now typical of eutrophic lakes, consistent with algae and TP levels Eutrophic Long Term Trends: Lake Perception WQ/rec 98-6; WQ/rec, less weeds >6 Recreational perception more closely linked to changes in water quality than weeds Favorable/ Subsurface Weeds 2 3 Slightly Impaired/ Surface Weeds 4 Mesotrophic 5 6 Oligotrophic Clarity Plant Coverage Recreation Unfavorable / Dense Weeds Long Term Trends: Phosphorus. after 99 but lower last two years Most readings now typical of eutrophic lakes, consistent w/ algae and clarity levels Long Term Trends: Bottom Phosphorus. Only limited bottom TP data available Much higher bottom TP levels suggests some internal nutrient cycling. Surface Bottom. Eutrophic Mesotrophic. Oligotrophic Long Term Trends: Chlorophyll a 3 Variable chlorophyll a readings Most readings typical of eutrophic lakes, mostly in range expected given TP levels Long Term Trends: N:P Ratio No trends apparent Most readings indicate phosphorus limits algae growth, though N may play role 25 Phosphorus Limited 2 5 Eutrophic N or P Limited Nitrogen Limited 5 Mesotrophic Oligotrophic pg. 8

19 Avg Summer Cond (umho/cm) Avg Summer Water Temp (C) Avg Summer ph Avg Summer Calcium (mg/l) Avg Summer Nitrogen (mg/l) Avg Summer Color (ptu) Long Term Trends: Nitrogen. TN, NH4 since 2; NOx variable Higher total nitrogen associated with higher algae levels Long Term Trends: ph No trends apparent Most readings typical of circumneutral to slightly alkaline lakes Long Term Trends: Conductivity... NOx TN NH Highly Alkaline (Above NYS WQ standard) Slightly Alkaline (Acceptable) Circumneutral (Acceptable) Acidic (Below NYS WQ standard) Increasing readings since early 99s Most readings typical of hardwater lakes Long Term Trends: Color Higher color 22-, but drop since then Most readings typical of uncolored to weakly colored lakes Long Term Trends: Calcium No trends apparent Appears to be moderate/high susceptibility to zebra mussels, but not found in lake Long Term Trends: Water Temperature Colored Weakly Colored Uncolored Highly Susceptible to Zebra Mussels May Be Susceptible to Zebra Mussels Not Susceptible to Zebra Mussels Slight decrease, but variable year to year Similar surface and deepwater temperature likely in shallow lakes 5 4 Hardwater Surface Bottom Softwater pg. 9

20 Appendix D: Algae Testing Results from SUNY ESF Study Most algae are harmless, naturally present, and an important part of the food web. However excessive algae growth can cause health, recreational, and aesthetic problems. Some algae can produce toxins that can be harmful to people and animals. High quantities of these algae are called harmful algal blooms (HABs). CSLAP lakes have been sampled for a variety of HAB indicators since 28. This was completed on selected lakes as part of a NYS DOH study from In 2, enhanced sampling on all CSLAP lakes was initiated through an EPAfunded project that has continued through the current sampling season. This study has evaluated a number of HAB indicators as follows: Algae types - blue green, green, diatoms, and "other" Algae densities Microscopic analysis of bloom samples Algal toxin analysis Some of these results are reported in other portions of these reports. This appendix the seasonal change in blue green algae, other algae types, and the primary algal toxin (microcystin-lr, a liver toxin). Analysis was completed on open water samples and, for some lakes, shoreline samples that were collected when visual evidence of blooms were apparent. Results are compared to the DEC criteria of 25-3 ug/l blue green chlorophyll a and 2 ug/l microcystin-lr (based on the World Health Organization (WHO) threshold for unsafe swimming conditions) and the WHO provisional criteria for long-term protection of treated water supplies (= ug/l microcystin-lr). The data for algae types are drawn from a high end fluorometer used by SUNY ESF. While these results are useful for timely approximation of lake conditions, they are not as accurate as the total chlorophyll results measured as a regular part of CSLAP since 986 in all open water samples. Therefore these results are used judiciously in the assessment of sampled waterbodies. Two separate samples are evaluated. A sample is taken at the CSLAP sample point at the deepest point of the lake at every sample session. In addition, shoreline samples can be taken when a bloom is visible. It should be noted that shoreline conditions can vary significantly over time and from one location to another. The shoreline bloom sampling results summarized below are not collected as routinely as open water samples, and therefore represent snapshots in time. It is assumed that sampling results showing high blue green algae and/or toxin levels indicate that algae blooms may be common and/or widespread on these lakes. However, the absence of elevated blue green algae and toxin levels does not assure the lack of shoreline blooms on these lakes. Elevated open water readings may indicate a higher likelihood of shoreline blooms, but in some lakes, these shoreline blooms have not been (well) documented. The results from these samples are summarized within the CSLAP report for the lake. pg. 2

21 Chlorophyll a (ug/l) Chlorophyll a (ug/l) Chlorophyll a (ug/l) Microcystis-LR (ug/l) Chlorophyll a (ug/l) Microcystis-LR (ug/l) Open Water Algae Levels Open Total Chl.a Open BG Chl.a BGA Bloom Criteria 5/5 6/4 6/24 7/4 8/3 8/23 9/2 /2 /22 Figure D: 24 Open Water Total and BGA Chl.a 24 Open Water Toxin Levels Open MC-LR WHO Hi Risk Swimming Criteria WHO Lo Risk Drinking Criteria. 5/5 6/4 6/24 7/4 8/3 8/23 9/2 /2 /22 Figure D2: 24 Open Water Microcystin-LR 24 Shoreline Algae Levels 24 Shoreline Toxin Levels WHO Hi Risk Swimming Criteria BGA Bloom Criteria Shore MC-LR Shore Total Chl.a Shore BG Chl.a WHO Lo Risk Drinking Criteria 5/5 6/4 6/24 7/4 8/3 8/23 9/2 /2 /22 Figure D3: 24 Shoreline Total and BGA Chl.a. 5/5 6/4 6/24 7/4 8/3 8/23 9/2 /2 /22 Figure D4: 24 Shoreline Microcystin-LR Open Water Algae Samples BG Algae Green Algae Diatoms Other Algae,,, 24 Shoreline Algae Samples BG Algae Green Algae Diatoms Other Algae /8 8/2 8/8 9/ 9/5 9/3 /2 Figure D5: 24 Open Water Algae Types 7/22 8/8 9/ 9/5 9/3 /2 Figure D6: 24 Shoreline Algae Types pg. 2

22 Chlorophyll a (ug/l) Chlorophyll a (ug/l) Chlorophyll a (ug/l) Microcystis-LR (ug/l) Chlorophyll a (ug/l) Microcystis-LR (ug/l) Open Water Algae Levels Open Total Chl.a Open BG Chl.a BGA Bloom Criteria 5/ 5/26 6/2 7/5 8/9 9/3 9/28 /23 Figure D7: 25 Open Water Total and BGA Chl.a 25 Open Water Toxin Levels Open MC-LR WHO Hi Risk Swimming Criteria WHO Lo Risk Drinking Criteria. 5/ 5/26 6/2 7/5 8/9 9/3 9/28 /23 Figure D8: 25 Open Water Microcystin-LR 25 Shoreline Algae Levels BGA Bloom Criteria 25 Shoreline Toxin Levels WHO Hi Risk Swimming Criteria Shore MC-LR Shore Total Chl.a Shore BG Chl.a WHO Lo Risk Drinking Criteria 5/ 5/26 6/2 7/5 8/9 9/3 9/28 /23 Figure D9: 25 Shoreline Total and BGA Chl.a. 5/ 5/26 6/2 7/5 8/9 9/3 9/28 /23 Figure D: 25 Shoreline Microcystin-LR Open Water Algae Samples BG Algae Green Algae Diatoms Other Algae Shoreline Algae Samples BG Algae Green Algae Diatoms Other Algae /5 7/26 8/2 8/2 9/7 9/2 Figure D: 25 Open Water Algae Types 7/5 7/26 8/2 8/2 9/7 9/2 Figure D2: 25 Shoreline Algae Types pg. 22

23 Appendix E: AIS Species in Putnam County The table below shows the invasive aquatic plants and animals that have been documented in Putnam County, as cited in either the imapinvasives database ( or in the NYSDEC Division of Water database. These databases may include some, but not all, non-native plants or animals that have not been identified as Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species in New York state regulations (6 NYCRR Part 575; This list is not complete, but instead represents only those species that have been reported and verified within the county. If any additional aquatic invasive species (AIS) are known or suspected in these or other waterbodies in the county, this information should be reported through imap invasives or by contacting NYSDEC at Aquatic Invasive Species Putnam County Waterbody Kingdom Common name Scientific name Canopus Lake Plant Variable watermilfoil Myriophyllum heterophyllum Canopus Lake Plant Eurasian watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum Canopus Lake Plant Curly leafed pondweed Potamogeton crispus Croton Falls Reservoir Plant Eurasian watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum Duck Pond Plant Eurasian watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum Hudson River Plant Water chestnut Trapa natans Ice Pond Plant Brittle naiad Najas minor Kirk Lake Plant Eurasian watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum Lake Carmel Plant Eurasian watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum Lake Celeste Plant Curly leafed pondweed Potamogeton crispus Lake Mahopac Animal Zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha Lake Mahopac Plant Eurasian watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum Lake Nimham Plant Brittle naiad Najas minor Lake Peekskill Plant Curly leafed pondweed Potamogeton crispus Lake Tibet Plant Eurasian watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum Lake Valhalla Plant Curly leafed pondweed Potamogeton crispus Loretta Lake Plant Eurasian watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum Lost Lake Plant Curly leafed pondweed Potamogeton crispus Oscawana Lake Plant Eurasian watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum Oscawana Lake Plant Water chestnut Trapa natans Palmer Lake Plant Eurasian watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum Palmer Lake Plant Brittle naiad Najas minor Peach Lake Plant Eurasian watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum Pelton Pond Plant Variable watermilfoil Myriophyllum heterophyllum Waterbody Kingdom Common name Scientific name Putnam Lake Plant Curly leafed pondweed Potamogeton crispus Putnam Lake Plant Water chestnut Trapa natans pg. 23

24 Roaring Brook Lake Plant Fanwort Cabomba caroliniana Roaring Brook Lake Plant Eurasian watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum Roaring Brook Lake Plant Curly leafed pondweed Potamogeton crispus Seven Hills Lake Plant Eurasian watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum Seven Hills Lake Plant Curly leafed pondweed Potamogeton crispus White Lake Plant Eurasian watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum White Lake Plant Curly leafed pondweed Potamogeton crispus White Pond Plant Eurasian watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum White Pond Plant Curly leafed pondweed Potamogeton crispus Wonder Lake Plant Water chestnut Trapa natans pg. 24

25 Appendix F: Current Year vs. Prior Averages for Lake Peekskill Current Year Water Temperatures vs. Prior Average This year's shallow water sample temperatures are about the same as the average of readings collected from 99 to 24. Current Year Secchi Readings vs. Prior Average This year's session Secchi readings are about the same as the average of readings collected from 99 to 24 pg. 25

26 Appendix G: Watershed and Land Use Map for Lake Peekskill This watershed and land use map was developed using USGS StreamStats and ESRI ArcGIS using the 26 land use satellite imagery. The actual watershed map and present land uses within this watershed may be slightly different due to the age of the underlying data and some limits to the use of these tools in some geographic regions and under varying flow conditions. However, these maps are intended to show the approximate extent of the lake drainage basin and the major land uses found within the boundaries of the basin. pg. 26