ANALYSIS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF IOT BASED ENERGY METER

Transcription

1 ANALYSIS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF IOT BASED ENERGY METER Tripti Pal Guided by Ms. Sonu Rana, HOD (ECE) Global Institute of Technology and Management, Gurugram Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering ABSTRACT Now day consuming electricity is increasing as the evolution of new technology is emerging. The electrical power company measures the electrical power unit consumed by the users at the end of every month, but for this they need to visit each customer. It is getting difficult for the electricity board officials to take energy meter readings and calculate the bill of the consumed electricity. Also, they put extra bill amount even though if the electrical bills are paid. So to overcome this, it is necessary to make a monitoring system that can automatically detect the meter readings and can save human efforts of visiting every house and then there will be no fraud bill amount that consumers need to pay. IOT based smart energy meter (SEM) is a monitoring system that can detect the Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) continuously and is sent via internet to the electrical power companies for calculating the bills as well as to the consumers. These readings are transferred over a communication channel through which consumers and electricity board officials both can see the readings on to the server. By adding these features to the energy meter, it can be termed as Smart energy meter. Keywords Internet of Things (IOT), Smart Energy Meter (SEM), Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) I. INTRODUCTION In this era, the world is facing more challenges related to the power and energy consumption as the population of the world is increasing gradually. One of the major crises is in the field of power distribution to different places. Burden on electricity offering divisions is also increasing because the number of users is increasing rapidly throughout worldwide [1]. The users are facing problem like getting poor electric supply as well as they also receiving due bills that they have already paid. Sometime Meter tampering i.e. illegal means of electricity bill payment is also done in some of the areas. This is why consumer has to suffer for this inconsistent billing even though they have used minimum amount of energy [4]. Therefore it is necessary to apply a technique of taking readings of the meter automatically, which can realize the energy consumption management to the customers to be controllable, adjustable to save the electrical energy. Also to take the reading of the meter a human operator has to go turn by turn to every resident & commercial building, this increases the work and efficiency and therefore the working hours also increases to achieve the complete area data reading [2]. So to achieve efficient meter reading, operation cost, reduce billing error we need a system that can read the meter reading automatically at each time interval i.e. IOT based energy meter. Electric energy meters is the direct billing interface between the power companies and consumers and it undergone several advancements in the last decade. This present project IoT Based Smart Energy Meter solve the problems faced by both the consumers and the distribution companies [5]. This paper mainly describes the smart energy meter, including Arduino UNO as the main controller which utilizes the combination of hardware and software both in order to implement desired functionality of IOT based energy meter. This paper demonstrates the IOT based system in which the consumer as well as the service provider will get the used energy reading with the respective amount at each time interval [2]. This proposed energy meter system replaces the traditional meter reading methods and enables remote access to existing energy meter by the authority. Also, it can monitor the meter readings regularly without the person visiting each premise [1]. PAGE NO:156.

2 Benefits of smart meter over traditional energy meters [5]: Smart meters are having less chances to have error as compared to the traditional energy meter The electricity board officials can identify easily about the tampering of the electricity within a premise. Smart meters when programmed with home appliances can be used to control the electricity consumption. There is no need of electricity board officials to be physically present at the site as this work would be done by the smart energy meter by using the IOT technique. This system enables the electricity department to read the meter readings without a person visiting each house. This can be achieved by the use of Arduino unit that continuously monitor and records the energy meter reading in its permanent memory location and display the reading onto the server using the Wi-Fi module. This system continuously records the reading and the live meter reading can be displayed on webpage to the consumer on request. II. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials The project consists of controller part and Wi-Fi unit as the main controlling device of the proposed system. Controller part consists of ARM 7 controller and Arduino Uno. Here WIFI ESP8266 is used for the IOT operation onto the server. LCD, Relay, Buzzer, 555 monostable multivibrator these are other components present in the system that completes the whole system of the IOT based energy meter. Microcontroller is the core component of the project that connects inputs and outputs of the devices and provides the memory for the system. The microcontroller used is ARM 7 LPC2148 and ARDUINO UNO controller. Initially DC power supply is to give voltage to the circuit. Amplifier circuit and isolation circuits are connected with relays and load. The load and relays in this circuit represent the devices that need energy or electricity to operate and are used at homes. Energy meter is connected to ARM 7 controller through 555 timers which are used Monostable multivivrator. Fig.2.1: Block diagram of proposed IOT based energy meter reading III. PROPOSED METHOD OF IOT BASED ENERGY METER PAGE NO:157.

3 The block diagram of the Proposed IoT based electricity energy meter consist of power line, Wi-Fi unit and controller. In power supply unit we have a step-down transformer is used to covert 230V to 12V from main supply. Here we have used a bridge rectifier to convert Alternating current to direct current. Power supply unit distributes power to all the components which requires Power. The microcontroller module takes the calibration pulse data from the energy meter and performs the necessary control operations and sends the required information like number of units through Wi-Fi module. The MAX-232 in the peripheral used as a logic level voltage converter for serial communication. LCD module is used to get visual information like no. of units and Wi-Fi configuration. This gives the information to the controller about the energy consumed, bill and if any theft occur. The bill is calculated using the formula as shown below. Bill = consumed units * Once the information is sent the ARM 7 controller it will further communicate to Arduino and it will display on the LCD. Also the information is sent to the web server through Wi-Fi which is attached to Arduino controller. The information uploaded on the internet is accessed through a webpage using IOT. And the programming of the whole system is done using embedded c in Arduino. There are two-way communications between the consumer end and server end. So the whole system has two parts, one is consumer unit and the other is server unit. Fig.2.2 and Fig.2.3 shows the block diagram of consumer unit which consists of energy meter, Arduino, IOT module, LCD, interrupting relay for developing the system particular work. Fig.2.2: Block Diagram of consumer unit Fig.2.3: Block Diagram of consumer unit PAGE NO:158.

4 III. EXPERIMENTAL SET UP The set-up of this system has been done on a large board connected with energy meter, load, step down transformer and the controller unit for the connectivity of the devices. The internet of thing here allows object to be sensed and controlled remotely from anywhere across existing network, creating opportunities for direct integration between the physical world and computer based systems resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit of the customers. The increasing generation needs empowered gadgets by wireless technology therefore it has a Wi-Fi module for connecting the devices to the server. Fig. 3.1Experimental Arrangement of IOT Based Energy Meter IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The IoT and Arduino UNO is being connected to the Energy meter through a cloud module and if there is increase in the reading of energy meter within the circuit, the reading on the Server also increases. Then we can see the online reading of the Energy Meter i.e. the no. of units and the payable bill on the screen through a server using that is designed using the php software. Here, payable bill i.e. of 40 is being fixed. So at the initialization of the circuit at 0 no. of units the payable bill would be 40. As the no. of unit increases, the payable bill will also increase. The fixed rate per unit is Rs. 2. Formulae: Calculation of Bill amount, Total Bill Amount = Fixed Payable Bill + No. of unit x per unit rate The results of the project are shown below step by step in the form of pictures representation: PAGE NO:159.

5 Fig 4.1 LCD Display Reading at 1 unit Fig 4.2 Server Display Reading at 1 unit Fig 4.3 LCD Display Reading at 2 unit Fig 4.4 Server Display Reading at 2 unit PAGE NO:160.

6 Tabulation: Sr.No. Reading of Energy Meter on LCD Screen No. of Unit: 1 Payable Bill: 42 No. of Unit: 2 Payable Bill: 44 No. of Unit: 3 Payable Bill: 46 No. of Unit: 4 Payable Bill: 48 No. of Unit: 5 Payable Bill: 50 No. of Unit: 6 Payable Bill: 52 Reading of Energy Meter on the online Server No. of Unit: 1 Payable Bill: 42 No. of Unit: 2 Payable Bill: 44 No. of Unit: 3 Payable Bill: 46 No. of Unit: 4 Payable Bill: 48 No. of Unit: 5 Payable Bill: 50 No. of Unit: 6 Payable Bill: 52 Table 4.1 Result Tabulation V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION FOR FUTURE WORK Conclusion This project is based on IoT and Energy meter. Practical model of IoT and Arduino based Energy meter have been successfully designed. Energy consumption and calculation of energy bill is being developed by the use of this IoT and Arduino based energy meter and displayed on LCD screen as well as on web server. This IoT and Arduino based energy meter reading system is use to monitor the reading by the use web server. The proposed IOT based Energy Meter Reading is implemented using two nodes, one on the consumer end and one for the Web server. One can save the electricity and detect theft. Hence, the project mainly focuses on the billing, power theft and to save the wastage of electricity. Future Scope This IoT and Arduino based energy meter use to access meter reading and bill amount by the use of web server and help consumer to avoid unwanted use of electricity as well as to detect any kind of theft of electricity. Following are the future scope in order to save electric power and to detect theft:- There can be a system where Automatic Switching of electric equipments by the use of IoT is applied. To make a system where user can receive SMS, if one crosses threshold of electricity usage. To make a IoT system where user can monitor energy consumption and pay electricity bill online User receives SMS when theft detected at consumer end. Application of IoT based theft detection buzzer with Energy Meter. PAGE NO:161.

7 VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I acknowledge our sincere gratitude to those who have contributed significantly to this paper. It is a pleasure to extend the deep gratitude to our course mentor Ms. Sonu Rana, HOD, ECE Department, Global institute of Technology & Management, for her valuable guidance and support to continuously promote me for the progress of the work which I were doing for my thesis. I thank her for valuable suggestions towards my Thesis, which helped us in making this Thesis more efficient and user friendly. I thank each and every ones efforts who helped me in some or the other way for small and significant things. REFERENCES [1] Darshan Iyer et al, IoT Based Electricity Energy Meter Reading, Dept. of ECE, PES College of Engineering, Mandya, Karnataka, Vol. 4, Issue 7, July 2015 [2] Birendrakumar Sahani et.al, IoT Based Smart Energy Meter, Dept. of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, SPVP s S.B. Patil College of Engineering, SPPU, Indapur Volume: 04 Issue: 04 Apr [3] Deepakraj Sahu et.al, A Remotely electricity billing system, Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute Of Technology Rourkela May 2012 [4] Md. Sajedul Islam et.al, Design and Implementation of Remotely Located Energy Meter Monitoring with Load Control and Mobile Billing System through GSM, Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology Chittagong, Bangladesh February 16-18, 2017 [5] Shikha Rastogi et.al, Internet of Things based Smart Electricity Meters, Vidyapeeth s College of Engineering, New Delhi, International Journal of Computer Applications ( ), Volume 133 No.8, January 2016 [6] Jithin Jose et.al, Smart Energy Meter, Athanasius College Of Engineering, Department Of Electrical And Electronics, Kothamangalam, Ernakulam, Kerala, India International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Volume22 Number 4- April2015 [7] Shital S. Bobade et.al, Automatic Energy Meter Billing System with Theft Detection, Bharati vidyapeeth s college of Engg. For Women (E&TC), Pune, Maharashtra, India, Professor,Department of E&TC, BVCOEW, Pune, Maharashtra, India, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-issn: Volume: 03 Issue: 04 Apr-2016 [8] M Swamy, R Pravallika M.Tech (Embedded Systems), Design and Implementation of Smart Energy Meter, Dept of ECE, Lingayas Institute of Management and Technology, Madalavarigudem, Vijayawada, PAGE NO:162.

8 India Assistant Professor, Dept of ECE, Lingayas Institute of Management and Technology, Madalavarigudem, Vijayawada, India, An ISO 3297: 2007, Vol. 5, Issue 8, August 2017 [9] R.Bhavani and S.Alagammal, Design and implementation of GSM based energy meter for home appliances, International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology Vol.(8)Issue(1) [10] G.Vani, V.Usha Reddy, Application of Smart Energy Meter in Indian Energy Context, Dept. Of EEE, SV University, IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Volume 10, Issue 3 Ver. III (May Jun 2015). [11] Pooja D Talwar, Prof. S B Kulkarni, PG Student, IOT BASED ENERGY METER READING, to the Department of VLSI Design and Embedded Systems, K.L.E. Dr.M.S.Sheshgiri college of engineering and technology, Belagavi, Karnataka,India, Department of VLSI Design and Embedded Systems, K.L.E. Dr.M.S.Sheshgiri college of engineering and technology, Belagavi, Karnataka,India, Volume 02, Issue 06; June PAGE NO:163.