Phototubes. Phototubes, Solar Blind Phototubes and Biplanar Phototubes

Transcription

1 Phototubes Phototubes, Solar Blind Phototubes and Biplanar Phototubes

2 FEATURES AND APPLICATIONS FEATURES AND APPLICATIONS OF PHOTOTUBES FEATURES High-speed response Choice of spectral response High sensitivity and high stability Wide dynamic range Superior temperature stability Large photosensitive area SPECTRAL RESPONSE RANGE AND APPLICATIONS Window Spectral Spectral Range Photocathode Material Response Typical Applications Spectral response in vacuum UV region only Solar blind spectral response Near UV spectral response Au (single metal) Wide spectral response from UV to infrared As phototubes have low capacities, their rise time characteristics are fast (approx. ns). As figure on right shows, phototubes offer a variety of spectral response characteristics, ranging from the vacuum UV ( nm) to infrared ( nm) regions. Even a wide spectral response (from near UV to near infrared) can be covered by a signal tube. The users can choose optimum tubes with photocathodes suitable for their application. High sensitivity and high stability make phototubes very useful in chemical and medical analytical instruments which require high reliability. Phototubes feature a wide dynamic range from several picoamperes to several microamperes, providing signal output with excellent linearity. Phototubes show virtually no fluctuation with changes in the ambient temperature. Compared to semiconductor sensors, phototubes offer larger photosensitive area. Cs-I Au (single metal) Cs-Te Sb-Cs Multialkali (Na-K-Sb-Cs) Ag-O-Cs MgF crystal Quartz glass Quartz glass MgF crystal Quartz glass Borosilicate Borosilicate Borosilicate nm to 00 nm 0 nm to 00 nm 0 nm to 40 nm nm to 0 nm 0 nm to 0 nm nm to 0 nm 0 nm to nm nm to nm 00 nm to nm nm to nm 00 nm to nm 00 nm to nm q w e r t y u i o!0!! Vacuum UV spectrophotometer nm monitor for sterilizing mercury lamp Vacuum UV laser detection (biplanar phototube) Monitor for 4 nm mercury line spectrum Ozone monitor Excimer laser detection (9 nm, 4 nm, 0 nm) Spectrophotometer Blood analyzer Liquid chromatography Pollution monitor Colorimeter Laser detection (biplanar phototube) Applicable Phototube Type No. R7 R74 R4044 R9U-4, RU-4 R7 R7, R, R4 R9U- R40, R49, R77, 9, R9U-, RU- R44, PV R, R4, R9U-, RU- PV, R9U-, RU- GLOSSARY OF TERMS Spectral response characteristic: When light (photons) enters the photocathode, it is converted into electrons emitting from the photocathode at a certain ratio. This ratio depends on the wavelength of incident light. The relationship between the ratio and the wavelength is called spectral response characteristic. Peak wavelength: The wavelength gives the maximum sensitivity to the photocathode. In this catalog, the peak wavelength for radiant sensitivity (A/W) is listed. Absolute maximum ratings: The limiting values of the operating and environmental conditions applied to a phototube. Any conditions shall not exceed these ratings even instantaneously. Anode supply voltage: The voltage applied across the anode and the cathode. Normally, the cathode is used at ground potential, so the anode supply voltage equals the potential difference between the anode and ground. Peak cathode current: The peak current that can be allowed from the cathode when it is of pulse waveform. Average cathode current: The average current that can be allowed from the cathode. Normally, it is the average for 0 seconds. Average cathode current density: The average cathode current per unit surface area on the photocathode. Luminous sensitivity: The ratio of photocurrent in amperes (A) flowing in the photocathode to the incident luminous flux in lumens (lm). Luminous sensitivity (A/lm) = Current (A) Luminous flux (lm) Radiant sensitivity: The ratio of photocurrent in amperes (A) flowing in the photocathode to the intensity of the incident light in watts (W). Radiant sensitivity (A/W) = Current (A) Light intensity (W) Dark Current: The current flowing between the anode and the cathode when light is removed. Interelectrode capacitance: The electrostatic capacitance between the anode and the cathode. Recommended operating voltage: The lifetime of a phototube tends to become shortened as the supply voltage increases. The supply voltage should be made as low as possible as compared to the maximum ratings, in order to lengthen useful life. However, if the supply voltage is too low, the voltagecurrent characteristics fall outside the saturation region, and undersirable phenomena such as hysteresis (Note ) may occur. Considering these effects, the recommended operating voltage for each type of phototube is listed in this catalog. (Note ) Hysteresis: The temporary instability in output signal when light is applied to a phototube, showing "overshoot" or "undershoot" without being proportional to light input.

3 SPECTRAL RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS TPT B000ED Cs-I q r t i!0 y o! Cs-Te Sb-Cs Na-K-Sb-Cs RADIANT SENSITIVITY (ma/w) Au e w u Ag! Ag-O-Cs WAVELENGTH (nm)

4 PHOTOTUBES CHARACTERISTICS Type No. Spectral Response (nm) A Peak Wavelength (nm) Outline and Basing Diagram No. Tube Diameter (nm) Photocathode Area Min. (mm) Input Window Material Anode Supply Voltage DC (V) Absolute Maximum Ratings B Average Peak Cathode Average Cathode Current Cathode Current Density Current (µa) (µa/cm ) (µa) Ambient Temperature ( C) C HEAD-ON TYPE For Vacuum UV (Cs-I Photocathode) R7 R74 to 00 0 to 00 0 For UV / High Power (Au Single Metal Photocathode) For UV / General Purpose (Cs-Te Photocathode) R7 R7 R R4 to 0 0 to 0 to 0 to For UV to Visible (Sb-Cs Photocathode) R44 R40 R77 00 to to to For UV to Near IR (Na-K-Sb-Cs Multialkali Photocathode) SIDE-ON TYPE For UV to Visible (Sb-Cs Photocathode) For UV to Near IR (Na-K-Sb-Cs Multialkali Photocathode) For Visible to Near IR (Ag-O-Cs Photocathode) e e q w w r q w t 0 0 MgF crystal Quartz glass Quartz glass Borosilicate glass to + -0 to + R to 40 e Quartz glass to + -0 to + -0 to + -0 to + -0 to + -0 to + -0 to + -0 to + R4 to 40 y to + PV (0) R49 9 R 00 to to to i u o 0 Borosilicate glass 0-0 to + -0 to + -0 to + to 400 u to + PV 00 to 70 u Borosilicate glass -0 to + NOTE: ASee spectral response characteristics on page. BOutput current averaged over second time interval. The whole photocathode is uniformly illuminated. CWhen a tube is operated below - C see page, "Caution". DThe photoelectric current from the photocathode per incident light flux ( - to - lumens) from a tungsten filament lamp operated at a distribution temperature of K. EAt recommended operating voltage....recommended Type

5 D Luminous Sensitivity Typ. (µa/lm) nm (ma/w) Characteristics at C Radiant Sensitivity Typ. 4 nm (ma/w) Pt Peak (ma/w) Dark Current Max. (pa) E Recommended Operating Voltage DC (V) Interelectrode Capacitance (pf) Type No..4 R7.4 R R R7 0.4 R7 0.4 R.0 R R R R R PV (0) R R 40. PV 4

6 PHOTOTUBE DIMENSIONAL OUTLINES q R44, R7 w R7, R, R40 e R74, R4044, R7 (Unit: mm) MAX. MIN. POTO- 4. MAX. MIN. 4. MAX. MIN. 40 MIN. MAX. 0 MAX. FLEXIBLE LEAD ANODE (RED) (GREEN) FLEXIBLE LEAD (GREEN) ANODE (RED) 7 ± MAX. 40 MIN. 0 MAX. ANODE (RED) (GREEN) 7 ± MAX. MAX. 40 MIN. FLEXIBLE LEAD TPT A000EA TPT A000EB TPT A004EC r R4 t R77 y R4 MAX. MAX. MIN. MIN. MAX. MIN. 7.0 ±. FLEXIBLE LEAD (GREEN) ANODE (RED) MAX. MAX. 40 MIN. FLEXIBLE LEAD (GREEN) MAX. MAX. 40 MIN. FLEXIBLE LEAD (GREEN) ANODE (RED) MAX. MAX. 40 MIN. ANODE (RED) TPT A0007EB TPT A000EB TPT A000EB u PV, R49,R i PV (0) o 9 CAP C-. MAX. ANODE CAP C- 0 MAX.. MAX. MIN. MIN. MIN. INCIDENT LIGHT P MIN. 7 MAX. INCIDENT LIGHT P MIN. 7 7 MAX. INCIDENT LIGHT MIN. MAX. NC K -PIN BASE JEDEC No.A- NC K NC -PIN BASE JEDEC No.A- (CAP SOCKET: E7-B) NC 4 NC NC P NC K 4 MAX. -PIN BASE JEDEC No.B- SOCKET CAP SOCKET : E7-E : E7-B TPT A0004EA TPT A000EB TPT A00EA

7 SOCKET DIMENSIONAL OUTLINES A Socket: E7-E (For B- Base) B Socket: E7-B (For Cathode Cap C-) (Unit: mm) MAX. MAX. 40 MAX... 0 TPT A00EA TACCA00EA

8 BIPLANAR PHOTOTUBES ULTRA-FAST PHOTODETECTORS / BIPLANAR PHOTOTUBES Recently, the use of high-power light sources producing ultra-short light pulses such as lasers has spread in a variety of fields. With this trend, the demand is increasing for ultra-fast photodetectors that can precisely reproduce ultra-fast pulses. The Hamamatsu biplanar phototubes are ultra-fast photodetectors that can satisfy such requirements. Various types of photocathodes are available so that they can be chosen for applications in wide spectral ranges from vacuum UV to infrared. FEATURES Ultra-fast time response Excellent linearity with respect to high-power light High current operation Easily interfaceable with external circuits Virtually no ringing APPLICATIONS Laser pulse observation Trigger for laser, streak camera, etc. Optical heterodyne detection Absolute Maximum Ratings Characteristics at C Type No. Spectral Response (nm) Peak Wavelength (nm) Photocathode Material Anode Supply Voltage DC (V) Peak Cathode Current Density (A) Input Light Energy Density (W/mm ) Average Cathode Current (µa) Ambient Temperature ( C) Anode Supply Voltage DC (V) Luminous Sensitivity Typ. (µa/w) Dark Current Max. (na) Rise Time Typ. (ps) Fall Time Typ. (ps) R9U Series (Rise Time: 70 ps) R9U- 00 to 7 Ag-O-Cs R9U- to 40 Sb-Cs R9U- R9U-4 R9U- 00 to to 0 0 to Na-K-Sb-Cs Cs-Te Ag (4 nm) ma/w (4 nm) µa/w (4 nm) RU Series (Rise Time: 0 ps) RU- 00 to 7 Ag-O-Cs RU- to 40 Sb-Cs RU- RU-4 00 to to Na-K-Sb-Cs Cs-Te ma/w (4 nm) * For the RU-4 used in the vacuum UV region, a vacuum flange type is available. Consult our sales office. 0 0 R9U Series The R9U series biplanar phototubes have a large effective area and a fast time response of 70 picosecond rise time and picosecond fall time. The R9U- is specifically developed for direct measurement of high energy light such as excimer lasers. Its large sensitive area can detect all of the incident laser pulse, making relative comparison of light output more reliable. RU Series The RU series biplanar phototubes offer a very fast time response of 0 picosecond rise time and picosecond fall time. They also feature excellent impedance matching, thus reproducing precise waveform with no ringing. R4- Power Supply for Biplanar Phototubes A high-voltage power supply is required to operate a biplanar phototube. Hamamatsu provides the C4- high-voltage power supply exclusively designed for biplanar phototubes. (A high voltage cable is supplied with the C4-.) E Neutral Density Filter for R9- For measurement of ArF and KrF excimer lasers, Hamamatsu provides a dedicated neutral density filter. This filter can be easily fitted to the R9U-, allowing direct input of high-power light pulse. 7

9 DIMENSIONAL OUTLINES (Unit: mm) Biplanar phototubes R9U series RU series Biplanar Phototubes 4± 7 HV CONNECTOR (SHV) 0± HV CONNECTOR (SHV) TRIPOD THREAD W/4.7 4± SIGNAL CONNECTOR (N-R) 7 SIGNAL CONNECTOR (N-R) 0 TRIPOD THREAD W/4.7 PHOTO 40 MAX. PHOTO TPT A007EB TPT A00EB Photocathode Diameter and Area Type No. Photocathode Diameter (mm) Photocathode Area (mm) R9U- to -4 R9U- RU series C4- High-Voltage Power Supply for Biplanar phototubes POWER ON OUTPUT VOLTAGE (KV)..0. OUTPUT +HV OFF HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY C4 0 MAX. 70 MAX. (Front View) MAX. (Side View) AC INLET A (Rear View) TPT A009EB E Neutral Density filter for R9U- 49 Example for R9U- equipped with E 40 INPUT SIDE (E) (R9U-) TPT A000EB

10 EXAMPLE OF OPERATING CIRCUITS OPERATING CIRCUITS FOR PHOTOTUBES Figure shows an operating circuit example using the phototube bias voltage also for the power to an operational amplifier. The feedback resistance Rf should be chosen so that the output voltage becomes 0. V to V. Cf must be placed for stable operation and should be between pf and pf. It is recommended to use a low-bias, low-offset-current FET input operational amplifier. For the input terminal (pin ), a guard pattern should be provided on the printed circuit board or a stand-off terminal made of Teflon should be used. Figure shows an operating circuit in which a low-impedance voltage is output from an operation amplifier after the signal current has been converted into a voltage through the road resistance RL. The operational amplifier should be a low-bias, low-offset-current type which can be operated on a single power. Figure : Operating Circuit operating on Signal Power Figure : When Pulse/Minus Powers Are Available + V SIGNAL CURRENT Ip ANODE PHOTOTUBE GUARD + V PATTERN + Cf 7 OP AMP 4 Rf OUTPUT VOLTAGE Eo=-Rf Ip ANODE SIGNAL CURRENT Ip RL PHOTOTUBE + 7 OP AMP 4 GND OUTPUT VOLTAGE Eo=RL Ip GND - V (Impedance conversion circuit) OP amp: ICL7 (IN TERSIL) TLC7 (Texas Instruments) TLC7 (Texas Instruments) etc. TPT C000EB (Inverting current-voltage conversion circuit) OP amp: AD49 (Analog Devices) OPA (Burr-Brown) TPT C000EB NOTE: The operational amplifiers that can be used in these circuits differ in such factors as operating temperature range, bias current, phase compensation, and offset adjustment method, depending on the type used. Please refer to the catalog or data sheet available from the manufacturer. Sample circuits listed in this catalog introduce typical applications and do not cover any guarantee of the circuit design. No patent rights are granted to any of the circuits described herein. 9

11 CAUTIONS AND WARRANTY CAUTIONS Maximum ratings Always operate the phototube within the maximum rating listed in this catalog. The light input surface area should be as large as possible The output current available from a phototube is determined by the maximum average cathode current and maximum average cathode current density. If the light input surface area is small, even if the output current is below the maximum average cathode current, the maximum average cathode current density may be exceeded. Therefore, the light input surface area should be as large as possible to decrease the cathode current per unit surface area. This is important also, from the standpoint of photocathode uniformity (i.e., variation in sensitivity with respect to incident light position). Handle tubes with extreme care Phototubes have evacuated glass envelopes. Allowing the glass to be scratched or to be subjected to shock can cause cracks. Extreme care should be taken in handling, especially for tubes with graded sealing of synthetic silica. Avoid mechanical vibration Mechanical vibration can cause microphonic noise (sensitivity fluctuation caused by vibration of the electrode.) and variation in sensitivity caused by displacement of the incident light position. keep faceplate and base clean Do not touch the faceplate and base with bare hands. Dirt and fingerprints on the faceplate cause loss of transmittance and dirt on the base may cause ohmic leakage. Should they become soiled, wipe it clean using alcohol. Avoid direct sunlight and other high-intensity light Avoid subjecting the phototube to direct sunlight or other high-intensity light, as this can adversely affect the photocathode, causing not only loss of sensitivity but instability as well. Handling of tubes with a glass base A glass base (also called button stem) is less rugged than a plastic base, so care should be taken in handling this type of tube. Cooling of tubes When cooling a phototube, the photocathode section is usually cooled. However, if you suppose that the base is also cooled down to - C or below, please consult our sales office in advance. Helium permeation through silica bulb Helium will permeate through the silica bulb, leading to an increase in noise. Avoid operating or storing tubes in an environment where helium is present. Data and specifications listed in this catalog are subject to change due to product improvement and other factors. Before specifying any of the types in your production equipment, please consult our sales office. WARRANTY In general, Hamamatsu products listed in this catalog are warranted for a period of one year from time of delivery. This warranty is limited to replacement for the defective product. Note, however, that this warranty will not apply to failures caused by natural calamity or misuse. CE MARKING This catalog contains products which are subject to CE Making of European Union Directives. For further details, please consult Hamamatsu sales offices.

12 Subject to local technical requirements and regulations, availability of products included in this promotional material may vary. Please consult with our sales office. Information furnished by HAMAMATSU is believed to be reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. Specifications are subject to change without notice. No patent rights are granted to any of the circuits described herein. 00 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. WEB SITE HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K., Electron Tube Center 4-, Shimokanzo, Toyooka-village, Iwata-gun, Shizuoka-ken, 4-09, Japan, Telephone: ()9/-4, Fax: ()9/-0 U.S.A.: Hamamatsu Corporation: 0 Foothill Road, P. O. Box 9, Bridgewater. N.J , U.S.A., Telephone: () , Fax: () usa@hamamatsu.com Germany: Hamamatsu Photonics Deutschland GmbH: Arzbergerstr., D- Herrsching am Ammersee, Germany, Telephone: (49)-7-0, Fax: (49)- info@hamamatsu.de France: Hamamatsu Photonics France S.A.R.L.:, Rue du Saule Trapu, Parc du Moulin de Massy, 9 Massy Cedex, France, Telephone: () , Fax: () infos@hamamatsu.fr United Kingdom: Hamamatsu Photonics UK Limited: Howard Court, Tewin Road Welwyn Garden City Hertfordshire AL7 BW, United Kingdom, Telephone: 44-(0)707-94, Fax: 44(0) info@hamamatsu.co.uk North Europe: Hamamatsu Photonics Norden AB: Smidesvägen, SE-7-4 SOLNA, Sweden, Telephone: (4) , Fax: (4) info@hamamatsu.se Italy: Hamamatsu Photonics Italia: S.R.L.: Strada della Moia, /E, 000 Arese, (Milano), Italy, Telephone: (9)0-9 7, Fax: (9) info@hamamatsu.it TPT E0 JUL. 00 IP