The Rhetorical Structure of Editorials in English, Swedish and Finnish Business Newspapers
|
|
- Joseph Harrell
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Rhetorical Structure of Editorials in English, Swedish and Finnish Business Newspapers Heli Katajamäki and Merja Koskela University of Vaasa Abstract In this article we will study the rhetorical structure of editorials in English, Swedish and Finnish business newspapers, Financial Times, Dagens Industri, and Taloussanomat. Our aim is to find out if there is a typical rhetorical structure for the editorials and if there are different types. Our analysis shows that the typical rhetorical structure for the editorials includes an introduction section, an intermediate section and a coda. When there is variation it concerns two stages of the rhetorical structure, i.e. the solution and the moral. Keywords: rhetorical structure, business newspapers, editorials, genre 1 Introduction Economical journalism is defined by its content. When it comes to form, however, it uses the same genres as general journalism, and according to Parsons (1989: 41), it has not introduced any genres of its own. Both newspapers for the general public and e.g. business newspapers have seemingly similar-looking editorial pages hosting a genre called the editorial. On a general level, the genre has the same communicative purpose irrespective of the type of journalism (cf. Swales 1990). However, genres are closely related to the discourses they co-occur with (Fairclough 1992), and economical orders of discourse might affect the ways editorials in business newspapers are structured rhetorically. In addition, cultural factors like the national culture of the writer and the ideology of the newspaper can cause variation within a genre. In this article we will study the rhetorical structure of editorials in English, Swedish and Finnish business newspapers, Financial Times, Dagens Industri, and Taloussanomat. We seek to answer the following questions: first, is there a typical rhetorical structure for the editorials in business newspapers irrespective of national and cultural features, secondly, if traces of such a structure can be found, are there different types and what are these, and third, what factors connected with the content of the text, language and culture seem to correlate with the different types. The results of the pilot study reported in this article will be used as a basis for the planning of a new research project on intercultural aspects of editorials in business newspapers.
2 2 Material and method The material of the study consists of 22 editorials from three business newspapers, Dagens Industri (DI, 7 editorials), Financial Times (FT, 7 editorials) and Taloussanomat (TS, 8 editorials). Among the editorials published in March 2006 at the top of the editorial page we have selected editorials that are not explicitly political and concern macro-economics. This means that the chosen editorials discuss economical questions from a national or international point of view rather than from the point of view of one individual, a political party or one company. The texts are descriptions of economical issues as processes concerned with the ups and downs of the economy. Despite our efforts to restrict the material to purely economical topics, the issues discussed sometimes have a political undercurrent, but in any case, the economical aspects prevail. Our method is based on argumentation analysis. Although the starting point is in the content, we are focusing on the rhetorical structure of whole texts. The analysis of argumentation starts with the interpretation of the primary thesis of the editorial. The interpretation is based on a pragmatic view supported by the reading of the whole text. This pragmatic view is a necessity, as the primary thesis cannot be found on the basis of semantic reasoning alone (Tirkkonen-Condit 1986: 375). We expect that there is a thesis in all the editorials studied, because editorials in business newspapers are realisations of instrumental discourse (cf. e.g. Tirkkonen-Condit 1986: 377). Editorials are used to influence an audience towards some end. In short, they are rhetorical by nature, and the argumentation in them is intended to resolve some difference of opinion (van Eemeren & Grootendorst 1984, van Eemeren et al. 1997: 218; see also Gill & Whedbee 1997: 157). As a starting point for our analysis we use a modification of van Dijk s view of the rhetorical structure of editorials. Van Dijk (1993: ) divides editorials into three sections, which contain arguments (see also Nanri 2004: 13). These sections may contain several stages, which each have their own function (see Eggins & Martin 1997). Our model consists of the following sections and stages: 1) The introduction section, which describes an event or a critical state of affairs; 2) The intermediate section, where the text moves to the consequences of the event, and analyses them. The section can be divided into two stages, 2.1) intermediate stage which can include reasons, evidence or examples, and 2.2) solution; 3) Coda, which consists of 3.1) a conclusion, which closes the text. Sometimes the closing also contains 3.2) a moral, which we consider a stage of its own.
3 3 Results Most of the editorials in our material employ the structure composed of the sections and stages mentioned in our model. In this respect our material reminds closely of editorials in general newspapers (cf. van Dijk 1993; Nanri 2004), and proves right the conclusion that the editorial is a rather unified genre irrespective of the type of journalism it occurs in. The length of the editorials, however, varies depending on the newspaper. Notably, Dagens Industri has the longest, and therefore the most detailed editorials (up to 12 paragraphs), whereas the two other newspapers have editorials that have 5 8 paragraphs. As Table 1 shows, the rhetorical structure of our material shows little variation in spite of the fact that the texts represent three countries and three languages. The only noticeable exceptions to the rhetorical structure concern the solution stage (2.2) and the moral (3.2). CLASSES/ NEWSPAPERS DAGENS INDUSTRI (7) FINANCIAL TIMES (7) TALOUS- SANOMAT (8) ALL (22) 1. Introduction section 2 Intermediate section 2.1 Intermediate stage Solution stage Coda 3.1 Conclusion Moral Table 1. The rhetorical structure in Dagens Industri, Financial Times and Taloussanomat. As shown in Table 1, the solution stage is fairly rare in Taloussanomat, but occurs in more than a half of the editorials in Dagens Industri. Our interpretation of what a solution is might differ from e.g. Nanri s (2004: 6). In his study of Japanese editorials, the last section of the rhetorical structure is a conclusion that provides the text-initial event with a solution. In our material, however, a solution, if there is any, seems to be a part of the intermediate section, and conclusions very seldom include solutions. The fact that the solution stage is more common in Dagens Industri than in the other two newspapers studied can be related to the length of the text, but this is not the only
4 explanation. Another explanation is that the topics discussed are such that a solution, as well as someone responsible for carrying it out, is possible to identify, which is not always the case when abstract macro-economical issues are discussed. According to van Dijk (1993: 265) the moral is an optional element in the rhetorical structure of editorials. In our material, a moral can be found in 7 texts of 22, again most often in Dagens Industri. Below Text 1 represents an editorial that has both a solution and a moral. Text 1. Bank of Japan starts the return to normal (FT ). 1) Introductory section Ending quantitative easing could prove perilously premature. (Headline, subheading, paragraph 1) 2) Intermediate section: 2.1) Intermediate stage: Quantitative easing has been above a necessary level, and the bank believed it was time to end it. Exceptional measures are justified by exceptional conditions. (Paragraphs 2 4) 2.2) Solution and supporting solution: The bank of Japan should attempt to target a rate of inflation of 2 per cent, at least. (Paragraphs 5 6) 3) Coda: 3.1) Moral: The Japanese experience of the past 15 years has had one clear and overriding lesson: in an exceptional situation, orthodoxy is far more dangerous than its opposite. (Paragraph 7) 3.2) Conclusion: The Bank of Japan has now taken a step towards the orthodox and is taking a risk in doing so. Let us hope that it will not, as a result, damage the recovery now under way. (Paragraph 7) The thesis of Text 1, that the Bank of Japan might have ended quantitative easing too early, is stated explicitly in the subheading in the form of a warning. In paragraph 1 a critical issue is introduced, i.e. that the Bank of Japan announced the end of quantitative easing and that this is a return to a normal situation. The following two paragraphs provide a background and reasons for the issue at stake. These two paragraphs (2 3) can be interpreted either as belonging to the introduction section or as a part of the intermediate section. We have categorized them as a part of the intermediate section together with paragraph 4, because even though the paragraphs describe past events they also support the thesis by providing reasons and evidence in the form of statistical information. The solution presented in stage 2.2 tells the Bank of Japan what it should do with respect to the rate of inflation if Japan is to be a normal country with a normal central bank. Evidently, the solution does not cover the whole problem, but only one part of it. This is typical of other texts with solutions in our material as well. Solutions are presented for such aspects of the issue where an agent who is able to solve the issue can be identified.
5 The Coda section in Text 1 consists of both a moral and a conclusion in this order. This text is exceptional in that the moral is presented before the conclusion. As van Dijk (1993) has observed, the moral is an optional element. In Text 1 it is explicitly signaled ( has had one clear and overriding lesson). This seems to be the case especially in the editorials in Financial Times. 4 Conclusions In our analysis we set out to answer the question if there is a typical rhetorical structure for the editorials in business newspapers irrespective of national and cultural features. This seems to be the case, at least when it comes to the texts in our material. We also wanted to find out if there is variation between the editorials and if specific types of rhetorical structure can be identified. Based on our results we can conclude that when there is variation it concerns two stages of the rhetorical structure, i.e. the solution and the moral. The Swedish newspaper Dagens Industri having the longest editorials also has a solution and a moral slightly more often than the other two newspapers. Otherwise, the cultural factors seem to be more connected with the field of economics and its prevailing ideologies than with national features, at least on the level of rhetorical structure. The results of our study indicate that editorials in business newspapers seldom present any direct solutions for the critical issues discussed. Several reasons for this can be identified. First, the topic of the text might be so abstract that any agent simply cannot be identified who would have it in his power to carry out the solution. This idea can be connected with the Neoliberalist view of the economy that many business newspapers seem to agree with, i.e. the economy is an independent system having its own logic, meaning e.g. that government intervention in the domestic economy should be minimized (Chomsky 2000: 8). Second, a solution might be so obvious that it does not need to be stated explicitly for an expert readership that understands and probably also shares the ideology of the newspaper. For example, if the thesis states that protectionism is rising in USA, the writer takes it for granted that protectionism is something negative and that the US government knows what should be done to turn the development, if they were willing. However, the solution might not be obvious for all the readers. Third, our choice of material for this study might at least in part explain the low number of solutions presented in the intermediate section. We have limited our material to editorials dealing with economical questions and left out political texts in which politicians would form a natural target for a suggested solution. Our study also indicates that there might be a connection between solution and moral. They tend to appear in the same editorials, but with our limited material this result cannot be verified. The relationships between the thesis, the solution and the moral respectively form an interesting question for further research.
6 Proposing solutions for economical issues concerning the future is not an easy task for the writer of an editorial. This might explain why moral occur in our material almost as often as solution does. The development of economy takes place in periods, and every period is connected with a lesson. Therefore morals are far easier and less risky to express than predictions of the future. References Chomsky, N. (2000). Hinnalla millä hyvänsä. Uusliberalismi ja globaali järjestys. [Profit over People: Neoliberalism and Global Order] Transl. Juha Ahokas & Juhani Yli-Vakkuri. 2nd edition. Helsinki: Like. van Dijk, T. A. (1993). Elite Discourse and Racism. Sage Series on Race and Ethnic Relations, Volume 6. Newbury Park: Sage Publications. van Eemeren, F. H. & R. Grootendorst (1984). Speech Acts in Argumentative Discussions. A Theoretical Model for the Analysis of Discussions Directed Towards Solving Conflicts of Opinion. Dordrecht: Foris Publications. van Eemeren, F. H., R. Grootendorst, S. Jackson & S. Jacobs (1997). Argumentation in van Dijk, T. A. (ed.), Discourse as Structure and Process, London, Thousand Oaks & New Delhi. Eggins, S. & J. R. Martin (1997). Genres and Registers of Discourse in Discourse as Structure and Process. T. A. van Dijk (ed.), Discourse Studies 1. A multidisciplinary introduction, London, Thousand Oaks & New Delhi: Sage Publications. Fairclough, Norman (1992). Disourse and Social Change. Cambridge: Polity Press. Gill, A. M. & K. Whedbee (1997). Rhetoric in T. A. van Dijk (ed.), Discourse as Structure and Process, London, Thousand Oaks & New Delhi. Nanri, K. (2004). An Anatomy of the Homogeneity and Innocousness of Japapnese Editorials in Proceedings of the 15 th Biennial Conference of the Asian Studies Association of Australia. Canberra 29 th June to 2 nd July URL: proceedings/ Nanri-K-ASAA2004.pdf
7 Parsons, W. (1989). The Power of the Financial Press. Journalism and Economic Opinion in Britain and America. England: Edward Elgar. Swales, J. (1990). Genre Analysis. English in Academic and Research Settings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Tirkkonen-Condit, S. (1986). Argumentation in English and Finnish Editorials in F. H. van Eemeren, R. Grootendorst, J. A. Blair & C. A. Willard (eds.), Argumentation: Across the Lines of Discipline, Proceedings of the Conference on Argumentation 1986.
Poznań, July Magdalena Zabielska
Introduction It is a truism, yet universally acknowledged, that medicine has played a fundamental role in people s lives. Medicine concerns their health which conditions their functioning in society. It
More informationDiscourse analysis is an umbrella term for a range of methodological approaches that
Wiggins, S. (2009). Discourse analysis. In Harry T. Reis & Susan Sprecher (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Human Relationships. Pp. 427-430. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Discourse analysis Discourse analysis is an
More informationBDD-A Universitatea din București Provided by Diacronia.ro for IP ( :46:58 UTC)
CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS AND TRANSLATION STUDIES: TRANSLATION, RECONTEXTUALIZATION, IDEOLOGY Isabela Ieţcu-Fairclough Abstract: This paper explores the role that critical discourse-analytical concepts
More informationSome Aspects of Coherence, Genre and Rhetorical Structure and Their Integration in a Generic Model of Text
Vol. 1 (2009) 35-45 University of Reading ISSN 2040-3461 LANGUAGE STUDIES WORKING PAPERS Editors: L.J. O Brien and D.S. Giannoni Some Aspects of Coherence, Genre and Rhetorical Structure and Their Integration
More informationThe Publishing Landscape for Humanities and Social Sciences: Navigation tips for early
The Publishing Landscape for Humanities and Social Sciences: Navigation tips for early career researchers Chris Harrison Publishing Development Director Humanities and Social Sciences Cambridge University
More informationIZA World of Labor: Author guidelines
IZA World of Labor: Author guidelines Description of the project IZA World of Labor (WoL) aims to inform society and to guide decision makers in labor related questions and help them make their decisions
More informationThe Financial Counseling and Planning Indexing Project: Establishing a Correlation Between Indexing, Total Citations, and Library Holdings
The Financial Counseling and Planning Indexing Project: Establishing a Correlation Between Indexing, Total Citations, and Library Holdings Paul J. Kelsey The researcher hypothesized that increasing the
More informationCONCLUSION Restate your thesis Summarize the main points Write a personal comment Prediction Question Recommendation Quotation
Art 2, Ms. Abrams INTRODUCTION with AN INTERESTING HOOK (A quote, description, etc) The introduction ends with your THESIS STATEMENT. The THESIS STATEMENT explicitly states your stance on the argument.
More informationStyle Sheet for the Linguistic Insights series
PETER LANG Style Sheet for the Linguistic Insights series 1. General information The volume will be published in the Peter Lang series Linguistic Insights: Studies in Language and Communication, for which
More informationCritical Discourse Analysis. 10 th Semester April 2014 Prepared by: Dr. Alfadil Altahir 1
Critical Discourse Analysis 10 th Semester April 2014 Prepared by: Dr. Alfadil Altahir 1 What is said in a text is always said against the background of what is unsaid (Fiarclough, 2003:17) 2 Introduction
More informationGUIDELINES FOR AUTHORS
Ekonomski Vjesnik / Econviews Review of Contemporary Entrepreneurship, Business and Economic Issues Journal of the Faculty of Economics in Osijek GUIDELINES FOR AUTHORS Description of the journal Ekonomski
More informationContrastive Textual Analysis of Selected Online Mainstream and Alternative Philippine Editorial Newspaper Headlines
Contrastive Textual Analysis of Selected Online Mainstream and Alternative Philippine Editorial Newspaper Headlines Jimmylen Zuñiga-Tonio Catanduanes State University Virac, Catanduanes, Philippines Abstract
More informationMetonymy Research in Cognitive Linguistics. LUO Rui-feng
Journal of Literature and Art Studies, March 2018, Vol. 8, No. 3, 445-451 doi: 10.17265/2159-5836/2018.03.013 D DAVID PUBLISHING Metonymy Research in Cognitive Linguistics LUO Rui-feng Shanghai International
More informationReview. Discourse and identity. Bethan Benwell and Elisabeth Stokoe (2006) Reviewed by Cristina Ros i Solé. Sociolinguistic Studies
Sociolinguistic Studies ISSN: 1750-8649 (print) ISSN: 1750-8657 (online) Review Discourse and identity. Bethan Benwell and Elisabeth Stokoe (2006) Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 256. ISBN 0
More informationCorpus Approaches to Critical Metaphor Analysis
Corpus Approaches to Critical Metaphor Analysis Corpus Approaches to Critical Metaphor Analysis Jonathan Charteris-Black Jonathan Charteris-Black, 2004 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2004
More informationDiscipline-Based Variations in the Literature Review in the PhD Thesis: A Perspective from the Discipline of History
Volume 40, 2013, Pages 236-254 The Graduate School of Education The University of Western Australia Discipline-Based Variations in the Literature Review in the PhD Thesis: A Perspective from the Discipline
More informationMBS Library Service. How to research. Business & Management Literature.
MBS Library Service How to research Business & Management Literature http://www.mbs.ac.uk/library Introduction You are able to access a huge range of business & management literature during your studies
More informationEditing a Paper / Project / Assignment/ TFG
DEPARTAMENT DE FILOLOGIA ANGLESA I DE GERMANÍSTICA 2012-13 STYLE SHEET Editing a Paper / Project / Assignment/ TFG 1. Content 2. Format 2.1 Organisation and sections 2.2 Edition: Basic instructions 2.3
More informationLIBRARY SKILLS MIDTERM. 1. Review the first five units. Read the review material for the midterm.
LIBRARY SKILLS MIDTERM 1. Review the first five units. Read the review material for the midterm. 2. Complete the Midterm by logging into Blackboard from the Library Skills webpage. Instructions are available
More informationThe language of money: How verbal and visual metonymy shapes public opinion about financial events
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications: Department of Teaching, Learning and Teacher Education Department of Teaching, Learning and Teacher
More informationCritical Thinking 4.2 First steps in analysis Overcoming the natural attitude Acknowledging the limitations of perception
4.2.1. Overcoming the natural attitude The term natural attitude was used by the philosopher Alfred Schütz to describe the practical, common-sense approach that we all adopt in our daily lives. We assume
More informationInformation sources at university
Information sources at university You will need to use a variety of information throughout your university study. Find out more about the different types of information, and where to find them. Academic,
More informationANZAM CONFERENCE PAPER STYLE GUIDE
ANZAM CONFERENCE PAPER STYLE GUIDE ANZAM conference papers are presented using the same format as outlined in the editorial guidelines for the Journal of Management & Organization (JMO). The key format
More informationSemiotics of culture. Some general considerations
Semiotics of culture. Some general considerations Peter Stockinger Introduction Studies on cultural forms and practices and in intercultural communication: very fashionable, to-day used in a great diversity
More informationClaim: refers to an arguable proposition or a conclusion whose merit must be established.
Argument mapping: refers to the ways of graphically depicting an argument s main claim, sub claims, and support. In effect, it highlights the structure of the argument. Arrangement: the canon that deals
More informationCritical discourse analysis as dialectical reasoning: the Kilburn Manifesto
Norman Fairclough (Lancaster University) Critical discourse analysis as dialectical reasoning: the Kilburn Manifesto Abstract: I introduce the Kilburn Manifesto (KM) and summarize its treatment of discourse
More informationAsian Journal of Empirical Research
Asian Journal of Empirical Research journal homepage: http://aessweb.com/journal-detail.php?id=5004 Exposure of political talk shows of private television channels among students of Sargodha city, Pakistan
More informationName / Title of intervention. 1. Abstract
Name / Title of intervention 1. Abstract An abstract of a maximum of 300 words is useful to provide a summary description of the practice State subsidy for easy-to-read literature Selkokeskus, the Finnish
More informationCHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This chapter presents a general point of the research including background, statement of problems, aims of the research, scope of the research, significance of the research, clarification
More informationDECISION. The translation of the decision was made by Språkservice Sverige AB.
DECISION 29 June 2016 Ref. No. 16/01344 The translation of the decision was made by Språkservice Sverige AB. MEDIA SERVICE PROVIDERS (BROADCASTERS) See distribution list SUBJECT Requirements regarding
More informationThis booklet focuses on Section B: Poetry Cluster. You should aim to spend 45 minutes on this section in the exam.
This booklet is designed as a first port-of-call for parents, for use at home with your child. It provides suggestions, activities and ideas for how best to support your child in their learning within
More informationREFERENCES. 2004), that much of the recent literature in institutional theory adopts a realist position, pos-
480 Academy of Management Review April cesses as articulations of power, we commend consideration of an approach that combines a (constructivist) ontology of becoming with an appreciation of these processes
More informationISSA Proceedings 2010 Binary Oppositions In Media Argumentation
ISSA Proceedings 2010 Binary Oppositions In Media Argumentation 1. Introduction This paper addresses the study of relations between descriptive and normative argumentation models. It examines persuasive
More informationExamples of an essay with citations >>>CLICK HERE<<<
Examples of an essay with citations >>>CLICK HERE
More informationLecture 10 Popper s Propensity Theory; Hájek s Metatheory
Lecture 10 Popper s Propensity Theory; Hájek s Metatheory Patrick Maher Philosophy 517 Spring 2007 Popper s propensity theory Introduction One of the principal challenges confronting any objectivist theory
More informationIntroduction. The report is broken down into four main sections:
Introduction This survey was carried out as part of OAPEN-UK, a Jisc and AHRC-funded project looking at open access monograph publishing. Over five years, OAPEN-UK is exploring how monographs are currently
More informationAuthor Guidelines Foreign Language Annals
Author Guidelines Foreign Language Annals Foreign Language Annals is the official refereed journal of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) and was first published in 1967.
More informationPoliteness Strategy of Koreans and Americans
Politeness Strategy of Koreans and Americans Jin-hee Kim, Joo-yeon Wee (Korea University) This study intends to investigate how Koreans and Americans use two politeness strategies of involvement and independence
More informationBas C. van Fraassen, Scientific Representation: Paradoxes of Perspective, Oxford University Press, 2008.
Bas C. van Fraassen, Scientific Representation: Paradoxes of Perspective, Oxford University Press, 2008. Reviewed by Christopher Pincock, Purdue University (pincock@purdue.edu) June 11, 2010 2556 words
More informationEmory College Spring 2014 Class Visit Program
Department Course Title Time African American Studies The Making of Modern Africa T/TH 10-11:15 African American Studies African American Studies Black Christian Thought M/W 1:00-2:15 African Studies Ancient
More informationMethods, Topics, and Trends in Recent Business History Scholarship
Jari Eloranta, Heli Valtonen, Jari Ojala Methods, Topics, and Trends in Recent Business History Scholarship This article is an overview of our larger project featuring analyses of the recent business history
More informationJournal of Consumer Affairs Guidelines for Authors
Journal of Consumer Affairs Guidelines for Authors Manuscripts submitted to JCA are double-blind peer reviewed by the members of the editorial board and ad hoc referees selected by the editor or associate
More informationAspects of Critical Discourse Analysis. Ahmad Zalaghi
Aspects of Critical Discourse Analysis Ahmad Zalaghi Abstract In this paper, I will attempt to provide an overview of some important approaches to Critical Discourse Analysis. Firstly, I will focus on
More informationWHEN AND HOW DO WE DEAL
WHEN AND HOW DO WE DEAL WITH STRAW MEN? Marcin Lewiński Lisboa Steve Oswald Universidade Nova de Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam OUTLINE The straw man: definition and example A pragmatic phenomenon Examples
More informationGiving Reasons, A Contribution to Argumentation Theory
BIBLID [0495-4548 (2011) 26: 72; pp. 273-277] ABSTRACT: In Giving Reasons: A Linguistic-pragmatic-approach to Argumentation Theory (Springer, 2011), I provide a new model for the semantic and pragmatic
More informationCall for Papers. Tourism Spectrum. (An International Refereed Journal) Vol. 4, No-1/2, ISSN No Special Issue on Adventure Tourism
Call for Papers Tourism Spectrum (An International Refereed Journal) Vol. 4, No-1/2, ISSN No. 2395-2849 Special Issue on Adventure Tourism Patron and Founding Editor: Professor S. P. Bansal, Vice Chancellor,
More informationCitation Analysis of PhD Theses in Sociology Submitted to University of Delhi during
DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, Vol. 33, No. 6, November 2013, pp. 489-493 2013, DESIDOC Citation Analysis of PhD Theses in Sociology Submitted to University of Delhi during 1995-2010
More informationCommunication Studies Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information:
This article was downloaded by: [University Of Maryland] On: 31 August 2012, At: 13:11 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer
More informationGUIDELINES FOR THE CONTRIBUTORS
JOURNAL OF CONTENT, COMMUNITY & COMMUNICATION ISSN 2395-7514 GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTRIBUTORS GENERAL Language: Contributions can be submitted in English. Preferred Length of paper: 3000 5000 words. TITLE
More informationCALL FOR PAPERS, AIMAC 2017 BEIJING, CHINA
CALL FOR PAPERS, AIMAC 2017 BEIJING, CHINA As one of the most prestigious academic conference in art and cultural management, AIMAC, the International Association of Arts and Cultural Management, has been
More informationTHE ANALYSIS OF PARAGRAPH ELEMENTS IN EDITORIAL OF THE JAKARTA POST
E-Journal of English Language and Literature Volume 7 No 1 E-Journal of English Language & Literature ISSN 2302-3546 Published by English Language & Literature Study Program of FBS Universitas Negeri Padang
More informationCHAPTER I. In general, Literature is life experience uttered in words to become a beautiful
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Literature is the art of written text, it is considered as the reflection of human imagination. The writer build or imagined their story by using their
More informationWriting a College Paper Step-by-Step: The Value of Outlining SEE BELOW FOR PROPER CITATION
Writing a College Paper Step-by-Step: The Value of Outlining SEE BELOW FOR PROPER CITATION Writing an Outline Many college students are confused about the many elements utilized in the writing process
More informationHow to find the theme of a book or short story
How to find the theme of a book or short story By Grace Fleming and Esther Lombardi, ThoughtCo.com on 11.28.17 Word Count 981 Level MAX A young book reader. Photo from the public domain If you've ever
More informationPublication data collection instructions for researchers 2018
17 th April 2018 / English version 8.6.2018 Ministry of Education and Culture Publication data collection instructions for researchers 2018 Index 1. Purpose of the instructions... 2 2. Publication data
More informationComparative Literature: Theory, Method, Application Steven Totosy de Zepetnek (Rodopi:
Comparative Literature: Theory, Method, Application Steven Totosy de Zepetnek (Rodopi: Amsterdam-Atlanta, G.A, 1998) Debarati Chakraborty I Starkly different from the existing literary scholarship especially
More informationMore of the same or is there something more?
IAMCR 2002 23 rd Conference in Barcelona: paper for the Working group Broadcasting in Europe: coming to terms with the new public commercial competitive challenge (ECCR). More of the same or is there something
More informationCHAPTER I INTRODUCTION. covers the background of study, research questions, aims of study, scope of study,
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This chapter presents an introductory section of the study. This section covers the background of study, research questions, aims of study, scope of study, significance of study,
More informationAPA Referencing Style Guide JKUAT
APA Referencing Style Guide JKUAT 2014 CONTENTS General considerations... 3 General format of the reference list...3 Abbreviations in the reference list...3 Capitalization...3 Citations in the text...4
More informationHow to write a scientific paper
How to write a scientific paper A scientific experiment is not complete until the results have been published and understood. A scientific paper is a written and published report describing original research
More informationA STUDY OF AMERICAN NEWSPAPER READABILITY
THE JOURNAL OF COMMWNICATION Vol. 19, December 1969, p. 317-324 A STUDY OF AMERICAN NEWSPAPER READABILITY TAHER A. RAZE Abstract This paper is based on a study of American newspaper readability in metropolitan
More informationSemiotics an indispensible tool
1 Semiotics an indispensible tool Interview with the President of the World Association of Massmediatic Semiotic & Global Communication By Jorge Marinho Abstract In this interview, Professor Pablo Espinosa
More informationA Computational Approach to Identifying Formal Fallacy
A Computational Approach to Identifying Formal Fallacy Gibson A., Rowe G.W, Reed C. University Of Dundee aygibson@computing,dundee.ac.uk growe@computing.dundee.ac.uk creed@computing.dundee.ac.uk Abstract
More informationJournal of Social Intervention: Theory and Practice
Author Guidelines Articles Our guidelines follow to a great extent the conventions of the American Psychological Association. If in doubt please consult: Publication manual of the American Psychological
More informationVisual Argumentation in Commercials: the Tulip Test 1
Opus et Educatio Volume 4. Number 2. Hédi Virág CSORDÁS Gábor FORRAI Visual Argumentation in Commercials: the Tulip Test 1 Introduction Advertisements are a shared subject of inquiry for media theory and
More informationIntroduction: Mills today
Ann Nilsen and John Scott C. Wright Mills is one of the towering figures in contemporary sociology. His writings continue to be of great relevance to the social science community today, more than 50 years
More informationThe Influence of Open Access on Monograph Sales
The Influence of Open Access on Monograph Sales The experience at Amsterdam University Press Ronald Snijder Published in LOGOS 25/3, 2014, page 13 23 DOI: 10.1163/1878 Ronald Snijder has been involved
More informationASSIGNMENT: EXPLORING CULTURAL HUMOR OBJECTIVES: 1) ANAYZE A NON-FICTION TEXT using CORNELL NOTES, SOAPSTONE, DIALECTICAL JOURNAL
Name Period World Literature & Composition Ms. Kelleher s Class ASSIGNMENT: EXPLORING CULTURAL HUMOR OBJECTIVES: 1) ANAYZE A NON-FICTION TEXT using CORNELL NOTES, SOAPSTONE, DIALECTICAL JOURNAL 2)WRITE
More informationProfile of requirements for Master Theses
UNIVERSITÄT HOHENHEIM Institut für Volkswirtschaftslehre Lehrstuhl für Volkswirtschaftslehre, insbes. Umweltökonomie sowie Ordnungs-, Struktur-, und Verbraucherpolitik (520F) Prof. Dr. Michael Ahlheim
More informationGUIDELINES TO AUTHORS
GUIDELINES TO AUTHORS EUROSTAT REVIEW OF NATIONAL ACCOUNTS (EURONA) February 2017 i TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Types... 1 2. Form... 2 3. Principles... 5 Annex 1: Scope Grid... 7 ii Summary EURONA is a semi-annual,
More informationExploration of New Understanding of Culture. Yogi Chaitanya Prakash, Osaka University, Japan
Exploration of New Understanding of Culture Yogi Chaitanya Prakash, Osaka University, Japan The Asian Conference on Cultural Studies 2016 Official Conference Proceedings Abstract Culture is a term which
More informationCritical Theory. Mark Olssen University of Surrey. Social Research at Frankfurt-am Main in The term critical theory was originally
Critical Theory Mark Olssen University of Surrey Critical theory emerged in Germany in the 1920s with the establishment of the Institute for Social Research at Frankfurt-am Main in 1923. The term critical
More informationThis is a repository copy of Not just for ethnics: exploring the impact of a black fiction intervention on public library users.
This is a repository copy of Not just for ethnics: exploring the impact of a black fiction intervention on public library users. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/110300/
More informationOvercoming obstacles in publishing PhD research: A sample study
Publishing from a dissertation A book or articles? 1 Brian Paltridge Introduction It is, unfortunately, not easy to get a dissertation published as a book without making major revisions to it. The audiences
More informationGareth White: Audience Participation in Theatre Tomlin, Elizabeth
Gareth White: Audience Participation in Theatre Tomlin, Elizabeth DOI: 10.1515/jcde-2015-0018 License: Unspecified Document Version Peer reviewed version Citation for published version (Harvard): Tomlin,
More informationWays to teach writing fluency >>>CLICK HERE<<<
Ways to teach writing fluency >>>CLICK HERE
More informationPragmatism, Pragma-Dialectics, and Methodology: Toward a More Ethical Notion of Argument Criticism
Speaker & Gavel Volume 48 Issue 1 Special Issue on Method In Communication Article 4 January 2011 Pragmatism, Pragma-Dialectics, and Methodology: Toward a More Ethical Notion of Argument Criticism Matthew
More informationPHL 317K 1 Fall 2017 Overview of Weeks 1 5
PHL 317K 1 Fall 2017 Overview of Weeks 1 5 We officially started the class by discussing the fact/opinion distinction and reviewing some important philosophical tools. A critical look at the fact/opinion
More informationIntentional approach in film production
Doctoral School of the University of Theatre and Film Arts Intentional approach in film production Thesis of doctoral dissertation János Vecsernyés 2016 Advisor: Dr. Lóránt Stőhr, Assistant Professor My
More informationPerspectives from the Royal Asiatic Society
C A M B R I D G E L I B R A R Y C O L L E C T I O N Books of enduring scholarly value Perspectives from the Royal Asiatic Society A long-standing European fascination with Asia, from the Middle East to
More informationDiscourse Analysis of Obama s Inaugural Speech From the Perspective of Culture
Studies in Literature and Language Vol. 10, No. 6, 2015, pp. 33-37 DOI: 10.3968/7056 ISSN 1923-1555[Print] ISSN 1923-1563[Online] www.cscanada.net www.cscanada.org Discourse Analysis of Obama s Inaugural
More informationPositioning and Stance
Positioning and Stance Dan Clayton looks at the ways in which writers, journalists and advertisers build a relationship with their readers by carefully adopting a particular position and stance in relation
More informationCAS Exploratory Sets
CAS Exploratory Sets (as of September 1, 2014) LIN1 Set title: Language, Culture, and Society (Approved on 3/2/11) Examines the role of language in culture and society. The ease with which we use language
More informationGovernment Unit 3 Performance Task Analysis and Argumentative Writing: Foreign Affairs Paragraph
Government Unit 3 Performance Task Analysis and Argumentative Writing: Foreign Affairs Paragraph Step # 1: Choose a foreign affairs topic from the list below, or suggest an alternative with Mr. H. Step
More informationIncoming Eighth Grader- Summer Reading 2018
Incoming Eighth Grader- Summer Reading 2018 DIRECTIONS: Read for an hour each week. Respond to a variety of prompt options. Write long and strong responses that show your emotional reaction. Don t just
More informationRethinking Critical Metaphor Analysis
International Journal of English Linguistics; Vol. 6, No. 2; 2016 ISSN 1923-869X E-ISSN 1923-8703 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Rethinking Critical Metaphor Analysis Wei Li 1 1
More informationPUBLISHER S DESCRIPTIONS OF LINGUISTIC BOOKS: COMPARISON OF CZECH AND ENGLISH DISCOURSE STRATEGIES. Aleš Klégr
DISCOURSE and INTERACTION 7/2/2014 PUBLISHER S DESCRIPTIONS OF LINGUISTIC BOOKS: COMPARISON OF CZECH AND ENGLISH DISCOURSE STRATEGIES Aleš Klégr Abstract The paper investigates a specific type of genre,
More informationKant, Peirce, Dewey: on the Supremacy of Practice over Theory
Kant, Peirce, Dewey: on the Supremacy of Practice over Theory Agnieszka Hensoldt University of Opole, Poland e mail: hensoldt@uni.opole.pl (This is a draft version of a paper which is to be discussed at
More informationA Correlation Analysis of Normalized Indicators of Citation
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Article A Correlation Analysis of Normalized Indicators of Citation Dmitry
More informationNotes for Norman Fairclough s Analysing Discourse
Introduction Notes for Norman Fairclough s Analysing Discourse (Version 3) Chapter 4: Genres and Generic Structure 65A Definition: Genre = the specifically discoursal aspect of ways of acting and interacting
More informationDelta Journal of Education 1 ISSN
Author(s) Last Name(s) Volume 7, Issue 1, Spring, 2017 1 Delta Journal of Education 1 ISSN 2160-9179 Published by Delta State University Title of Paper, size 18 NTR * font First Author a, Second Author
More informationInternational Journal of Library Science and Information Management (IJLSIM)
CITATION ANALYSIS OF JOURNAL ON LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE RESEARCH DURING 2005-2014 Anubhav shah Research Scholar Department of Library and Information Science Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University,
More informationArguing or reasoning? Argumentation in rhetorical context
University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor OSSA Conference Archive OSSA 10 May 22nd, 9:00 AM - May 25th, 5:00 PM Arguing or reasoning? Argumentation in rhetorical context Manfred Kraus University of
More informationChemistry International. An international peer-reviewed journal.
Chemistry International An international peer-reviewed journal Published by International Scientific Organization http://bosaljournals.com/chemint/ Aims and scope The Chemistry International (CI), is an
More informationANALOGY ESSAY STRUCTURE
ANALOGY ESSAY STRUCTURE 2 I. TITLE II. INTRODUCTION III. DIFFERENCES IV. RESEMBLANCES o R. #1 o R. #2 o R. #3 o R. #4 V. CONCLUSION 3 I. TITLE: O Identify the 2 subjects O Identify their relationship O
More informationBibliometric Analysis of Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management
Cloud Publications International Journal of Advanced Library and Information Science 2013, Volume 1, Issue 1, pp. 23-32, Article ID Sci-101 Research Article Open Access Bibliometric Analysis of Electronic
More informationINSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS
INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS Contents 1. AIMS AND SCOPE 1 2. TYPES OF PAPERS 2 2.1. Original Research 2 2.2. Reviews and Drug Reviews 2 2.3. Case Reports and Case Snippets 2 2.4. Viewpoints 3 2.5. Letters
More informationUsing Bibliometric Analyses for Evaluating Leading Journals and Top Researchers in SoTL
Georgia Southern University Digital Commons@Georgia Southern SoTL Commons Conference SoTL Commons Conference Mar 26th, 2:00 PM - 2:45 PM Using Bibliometric Analyses for Evaluating Leading Journals and
More informationPhoto by moriza:
Photo by moriza: http://www.flickr.com/photos/moriza/127642415/ Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution i 2.0 20Generic Good afternoon. My presentation today summarizes Norman Fairclough s 2000 paper
More informationGuidelines for Reviewers
YJBM Guidelines for Reviewers 1 Guidelines for Reviewers Table of Contents Mission and Scope of YJBM 2 The Peer-Review Process at YJBM 2 Expectations of a Reviewer for YJBM 3 Points to Consider When Reviewing
More information