WHEN AND HOW DO WE DEAL
|
|
- Terence Rich
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 WHEN AND HOW DO WE DEAL WITH STRAW MEN? Marcin Lewiński Lisboa Steve Oswald Universidade Nova de Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam OUTLINE The straw man: definition and example A pragmatic phenomenon Examples Contextuality of the straw man Effectiveness of the straw man Conclusion 2 1
2 THE STRAW MAN Definition of a straw man So: A fallacy of argumentative criticism in which an opponent misrepresents a proponent s standpoint or arguments in such a way that they become easier to refute, and then attacks the misrepresented position as if it were the one actually defended by the proponent. form: various types of misrepresentation function: attack on an arguer with his own words 3 TEXTBOOK EXAMPLE A: Many marriages go through some kind of a crisis, sometimes leading to a divorce. B: How bizarre to believe that all couples are bound to divorce! My wife and I married 20 years ago and we have lived happily ever since. The straw man typically exploits the difficulty of securing an unambiguous interpretation 4 2
3 ACCOUNTING FOR THE STRAW MAN «a common, familiar and thoroughly theorized fallacy» (Talisse & Aikin 2006: 349) yet, both theoretical and empirical examination is ongoing and far from complete (see Aikin & Casey forth.; Bizer, Kozak & Holterman 2009; van Laar 2008; Lewiński 2010: Ch. 9; Talisse & Aikin 2006 and Walton & Macagno 2010) 2 interrelated key questions (see van Eemeren & Houtlosser 2003, Jackson 1995) 1. When can we justifiably say that the straw man occurred? reasonableness 2. How can we explain its remaining covert and thus its persuasive or even manipulative potential? treacherousness 5 AN INTEGRATED PRAGMATIC TAKE ON THE STRAW MAN Pragma-dialectics Normative pragmatic approach: develops theoretically justified, external criteria for normative interpretation (reconstruction) and evaluation of argumentative discourse answer to question 1: identification of definitional criteria Fallacies as derailments of strategic manoeuvring dialectically unreasonable attempts to persuade Relevance Theory Cognitive pragmatic approach: develops an explanatory account of natural mechanisms of naïve interpretation of communicative stimuli (including argumentation) Fallacies as manipulative discourse twofold constraint on interpretation (cf.maillat & Oswald 2009, forth.) answer to question 2: why the straw man can be effective 6 3
4 PRAGMATIC ASPECTS OF THE STRAW MAN (1): AN ISSUE OF COMMITMENT The straw man operates on the (mis)attribution of commitment unreliably portraying what someone intended to communicate A question of meaning: understanding triggers commitment attribution (cf. Saussure & Oswald 2008, 2009) Commitment to explicit vs. implicit content commitment attribution to explicit content is straightforward (based on explicit linguistic material) commitment attribution to implicit content is trickier indeterminacy of meaning Cf. notion of disagreement space (see van Eemeren, Grootendorst, Jackson & Jacobs 1993) 7 STRAW MAN? 1) a. Laszlo: The garbage can is full again b. Lucinda: I m busy; I cannot take it out now c. Laszlo: I was actually pointing out that we should simply change this goddamn can for a bigger one, it s just too small 2) a. We should change the garbage can as it is too small. b. Could you take the garbage out? c. You should be more careful with everything you throw away. 8 (taken and adapted from Morency, Oswald & Saussure 2008: 211) 4
5 PRAGMATIC ASPECTS OF THE STRAW MAN (2): AN ISSUE OF CONTEXT The difficulty involved in example (1) can be dodged by considering contextual criteria linked to activity types 2 parameters: precision of interpretation / commitment attribution charity of interpretation Precise interpretation (narrow plausibility) Loose interpretation (broad plausibility) Highly critical (uncharitable) criminal trial blind academic review much of political discourse, especially informal (public sphere) 9 Constructive (charitable) doctor-patient consultation conference presentation classroom discussion chat in a pub dinner table EXAMPLE: KACZYŃSKI VS. KOMOROWSKI (2010) 3) Komorowski: The presidential elections will come or the president [L. Kaczyński] will fly somewhere and all this will change. 4) J. Kaczyński, relaying Komorowski s words: The president will fly somewhere and perhaps everything will be over
6 KACZYŃSKI VS. KOMOROWSKI (1) Two reasons why it is fallacious: 1. Decontextualised, as clear with referential shift (3): all this = the stalemate regarding ambassadors nominations (4): everything = the presidential rule and possibly even the life of my brother 2. Limited to just one conditional, rather than a disjunction of conditions: (3): elections or flight two possible and fully justified procedural alternatives for a change of situation (4): flight simple mono-conditional determination pointing to an assassination plot involving a plane crash Kaczyński is (expectedly) uncharitable, but the problem lies in the implausibility of the 11 commitment he attributes to Komorowski EXAMPLE 2: BOLKESTEIN VS. CHOMSKY (1988) Western governments, including Bolkestein: We are focusing on the events in Cambodia rather than East Timor because of the incomparable scale of genocide in Cambodia. Chomsky: You are focusing on the events in Cambodia rather than East Timor because you politically and militarily support Indonesia an invader of Timor and benefit from the invasion. Bolkestein: Professor Chomsky uses the oldest debating trick on earth he erects a man of straw and proceeds to hack away at it
7 COGNITIVE ASPECTS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FALLACIES The success of fallacies rests on a twofold process secure unproblematic and relevant interpretation ensure absence of critical information Constraint on the selection of information Contextual Selection Constraint (cf. Maillat & Oswald 2009, forth.) exploitation of cognitive fallibility (comprehension heuristic) variations in salience may influence relevance strengthening strategies weakening strategies 13 KACZYŃSKI VS. KOMOROWSKI (2) Why (4) might be effective: 1. Both (3) and (4) contain a conjunction implicatures triggered: temporal ordering and causal relationship P & Q = P and then Q, but also P and Q = Q because P 2. But there is a difference between (3) and (4): In (4) the disjunction is eliminated strengthens he will fly somewhere, weakens the elections will come 3. Suppressing the disjunction affects the causal reading (3): (A v B) & C, (4): B & C 2 to 1 relationship 1 to 1 relationship: causal link strengthened in favour of the conspiracy reading as B is presented as the only relevant state of affairs allowing C to be the case 4. Replacement of indexical by vague pronoun all this (concrete situation) becomes everything (?) 5. Relevance of fly in the context of a plane crash is high but difference in lexical extension of the concept between (3) and (4) increases the relevance of the conspiracy reading 14 7
8 CONCLUSION Complementarity of these pragmaticallygrounded theories: descriptive and explanatory requirements are met elaboration of a more comprehensive account of the straw man (and presumably other fallacies) 15 8
Logic and argumentation techniques. Dialogue types, rules
Logic and argumentation techniques Dialogue types, rules Types of debates Argumentation These theory is concerned wit the standpoints the arguers make and what linguistic devices they employ to defend
More informationChristopher W. Tindale, Fallacies and Argument Appraisal
Argumentation (2009) 23:127 131 DOI 10.1007/s10503-008-9112-0 BOOK REVIEW Christopher W. Tindale, Fallacies and Argument Appraisal Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007, xvii + 218 pp. Series: Critical
More informationArgumentation and persuasion
Communicative effectiveness Argumentation and persuasion Lesson 12 Fri 8 April, 2016 Persuasion Discourse can have many different functions. One of these is to convince readers or listeners of something.
More informationTHE ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF LEGAL ARGUMENTATION: APPROACHES FROM LEGAL THEORY AND ARGUMENTATION THEORY
STUDIES IN LOGIC, GRAMMAR AND RHETORIC 16(29) 2009 Eveline Feteris University of Amsterdam Harm Kloosterhuis Erasmus University Rotterdam THE ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF LEGAL ARGUMENTATION: APPROACHES
More informationL ANALISI LINGUISTICA E LETTERARIA
ISSN 1122-1917 L ANALISI LINGUISTICA E LETTERARIA FACOLTÀ DI LINGUE E LETTERATURE STRANIERE UNIVERSITÀ CATTOLICA DEL SACRO CUORE 1 ANNO XVI 2008 VOLUME 1 EDUCATT - UNIVERSITÀ CATTOLICA DEL SACRO CUORE
More informationPeterborough, ON, Canada: Broadview Press, Pp ISBN: / CDN$19.95
Book Review Arguing with People by Michael A. Gilbert Peterborough, ON, Canada: Broadview Press, 2014. Pp. 1-137. ISBN: 9781554811700 / 1554811708. CDN$19.95 Reviewed by CATHERINE E. HUNDLEBY Department
More informationUvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Internet political discussion forums as an argumentative activity type: A pragmadialectical analysis of online forms of strategic manoeuvring in reacting critically
More informationISSA Proceedings 2010 Binary Oppositions In Media Argumentation
ISSA Proceedings 2010 Binary Oppositions In Media Argumentation 1. Introduction This paper addresses the study of relations between descriptive and normative argumentation models. It examines persuasive
More informationMore about Fallacies as Derailments of Strategic Maneuvering: The Case of Tu Quoque
University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor OSSA Conference Archive OSSA 5 May 14th, 9:00 AM - May 17th, 5:00 PM More about Fallacies as Derailments of Strategic Maneuvering: The Case of Tu Quoque Frans
More informationFallacies and the concept of an argument
University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor OSSA Conference Archive OSSA 3 May 15th, 9:00 AM - May 17th, 5:00 PM Fallacies and the concept of an argument Dale Turner California State Polytechnic University
More informationThis page intentionally left blank
This page intentionally left blank A Systematic Theory of Argumentation The pragma-dialectical approach In A Systematic Theory of Argumentation, two of the leading figures in argumentation theory, Frans
More informationThe semiotics of multimodal argumentation. Paul van den Hoven, Utrecht University, Xiamen University
The semiotics of multimodal argumentation Paul van den Hoven, Utrecht University, Xiamen University Multimodal argumentative discourse exists! Rhetorical discourse is discourse that attempts to influence
More informationArgumentation Theory in Formal and Computational Perspective
Argumentation Theory in Formal and Computational Perspective Frans H. van Eemeren University of Amsterdam f.h.vaneemeren@uva.nl Bart Verheij University of Groningen bart.verheij@rug.nl Abstract Argumentation
More informationThe Reference Book, by John Hawthorne and David Manley. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2012, 280 pages. ISBN
Book reviews 123 The Reference Book, by John Hawthorne and David Manley. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2012, 280 pages. ISBN 9780199693672 John Hawthorne and David Manley wrote an excellent book on the
More informationOn the Concepts of Logical Fallacy and Logical Error
University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor OSSA Conference Archive OSSA 5 May 14th, 9:00 AM - May 17th, 5:00 PM On the Concepts of Logical Fallacy and Logical Error Marcin Koszowy Catholic University
More informationWITHOUT QUALIFICATION: AN INQUIRY INTO THE SECUNDUM QUID
STUDIES IN LOGIC, GRAMMAR AND RHETORIC 36(49) 2014 DOI: 10.2478/slgr-2014-0008 David Botting Universidade Nova de Lisboa WITHOUT QUALIFICATION: AN INQUIRY INTO THE SECUNDUM QUID Abstract. In this paper
More informationArgumentation Theory in Formal and Computational Perspective
1 Argumentation Theory in Formal and Computational Perspective Frans H. van Eemeren, Bart Verheij abstract. Argumentation has been studied since Antiquity. Modern argumentation theory took inspiration
More informationYes, it's rotten science, but it's in a worthy cause The tobacco industry's immoderate love of quote mining. Pascal Diethelm
Yes, it's rotten science, but it's in a worthy cause The tobacco industry's immoderate love of quote mining Pascal Diethelm Or Quote mining in tobacco denialism Brands of denialism Climate denialism Evolution
More informationClassifying the Patterns of Natural Arguments
University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor CRRAR Publications Centre for Research in Reasoning, Argumentation and Rhetoric (CRRAR) 2015 Classifying the Patterns of Natural Arguments Fabrizio Macagno
More informationExamples of straw man fallacy in advertising
Examples of straw man fallacy in advertising current issue Aikin, Scott; Casey, John (March 2011). "Straw Men, Weak Men, and Hollow Men". Argumentation. Springer Netherlands. 25 (1): 87 105. doi: 10.1007/s10503-010-9199-y.
More informationCommon Ground, Argument Form and Analogical Reductio ad Absurdum
University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor OSSA Conference Archive OSSA 7 Jun 6th, 9:00 AM - Jun 9th, 5:00 PM Common Ground, Argument Form and Analogical Reductio ad Absurdum Hanrike Jansen Opleiding
More informationDISSOCIATION IN ARGUMENTATIVE DISCUSSIONS
DISSOCIATION IN ARGUMENTATIVE DISCUSSIONS Argumentation Library VOLUME 13 Series Editors Frans H. van Eemeren, University of Amsterdam Scott Jacobs, University of Arizona Erik C.W. Krabbe, University of
More informationBOOK REVIEW. 1 Evaluating arguments
BOOK REVIEW Douglas Walton (1998). The New Dialectic. Conversational Contexts of Argument. University of Toronto Press, Toronto. x + 304 pages. ISBN 0-8020- 7987-3. Douglas Walton (1998). Ad Hominem Arguments.
More informationMarya Dzisko-Schumann THE PROBLEM OF VALUES IN THE ARGUMETATION THEORY: FROM ARISTOTLE S RHETORICS TO PERELMAN S NEW RHETORIC
Marya Dzisko-Schumann THE PROBLEM OF VALUES IN THE ARGUMETATION THEORY: FROM ARISTOTLE S RHETORICS TO PERELMAN S NEW RHETORIC Abstract The Author presents the problem of values in the argumentation theory.
More informationVisual Argumentation in Commercials: the Tulip Test 1
Opus et Educatio Volume 4. Number 2. Hédi Virág CSORDÁS Gábor FORRAI Visual Argumentation in Commercials: the Tulip Test 1 Introduction Advertisements are a shared subject of inquiry for media theory and
More informationA Pragmatic Study of Fallacy in David Cameron s Political Speeches
A Pragmatic Study of Fallacy in David Cameron s Political Speeches Fareed H. H. Al-Hindawi Dept. of English, Faculty of Education, Babylon University, PO Box 1, Babil, Iraq E-mail: fareedhameed@gmail.com
More informationNaturalizing Phenomenology? Dretske on Qualia*
Ronald McIntyre, Naturalizing Phenomenology? Dretske on Qualia, in Jean Petitot, et al., eds, Naturalizing Phenomenology: Issues in Contemporary Phenomenology and Cognitive Science (Stanford: Stanford
More informationThe use of hyperbole in the argumentation stage
University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor OSSA Conference Archive OSSA 10 May 22nd, 9:00 AM - May 25th, 5:00 PM The use of hyperbole in the argumentation stage A. Francisca Snoeck Henkemans University
More informationINTRODUCTION TO NONREPRESENTATION, THOMAS KUHN, AND LARRY LAUDAN
INTRODUCTION TO NONREPRESENTATION, THOMAS KUHN, AND LARRY LAUDAN Jeff B. Murray Walton College University of Arkansas 2012 Jeff B. Murray OBJECTIVE Develop Anderson s foundation for critical relativism.
More informationReviewed by J. Anthony Blair. 190 Informal Logic
190 Informal Logic Acts of Arguing: A Rhetorical Model of Argument By Christopher W. Tindale Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999. Pp. xii, 1-245. ISBN 0-7914-4388-4. Paper, US $18.95 Reviewed
More informationPREFACE: THE VARIETY OF RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES IN THE STUDY OF ARGUMENTATION
STUDIES IN LOGIC, GRAMMAR AND RHETORIC 16(29) 2009 Marcin Koszowy University of Białystok PREFACE: THE VARIETY OF RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES IN THE STUDY OF ARGUMENTATION For the past four decades the study
More informationCyclic vs. circular argumentation in the Conceptual Metaphor Theory ANDRÁS KERTÉSZ CSILLA RÁKOSI* In: Cognitive Linguistics 20-4 (2009),
Cyclic vs. circular argumentation in the Conceptual Metaphor Theory ANDRÁS KERTÉSZ CSILLA RÁKOSI* In: Cognitive Linguistics 20-4 (2009), 703-732. Abstract In current debates Lakoff and Johnson s Conceptual
More informationPART II METHODOLOGY: PROBABILITY AND UTILITY
PART II METHODOLOGY: PROBABILITY AND UTILITY The six articles in this part represent over a decade of work on subjective probability and utility, primarily in the context of investigations that fall within
More informationA Rhetorical Turn for Argumentation
01-Tindale.qxd 4/16/04 6:22 PM Page 1 1 A Rhetorical Turn for Argumentation Alice couldn t help laughing, as she said I don t want you to hire me and I don t care for jam. It s very good jam, said the
More informationWhat Can Experimental Philosophy Do? David Chalmers
What Can Experimental Philosophy Do? David Chalmers Cast of Characters X-Phi: Experimental Philosophy E-Phi: Empirical Philosophy A-Phi: Armchair Philosophy Challenges to Experimental Philosophy Empirical
More informationTrust based on bias: Cognitive constraints on source-related fallacies
University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor OSSA Conference Archive OSSA 10 May 22nd, 9:00 AM - May 25th, 5:00 PM Trust based on bias: Cognitive constraints on source-related fallacies Steve Oswald University
More informationIntroduction (English version)
Introduction (English version) In a way, rhetoric is an art or a cognitive technique more than a science. Numerous works have highlighted the social relevance of rhetoric, which spreads across different
More informationArguing or reasoning? Argumentation in rhetorical context
University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor OSSA Conference Archive OSSA 10 May 22nd, 9:00 AM - May 25th, 5:00 PM Arguing or reasoning? Argumentation in rhetorical context Manfred Kraus University of
More informationISSA Proceedings 1998 Emotional Appeals In The Film 12 Angry Men
ISSA Proceedings 1998 Emotional Appeals In The Film 12 Angry Men What is the legitimate role of emotion in argument? Surely something as fundamental as human emotion has an important part to play. Would
More informationA Computational Approach to Identifying Formal Fallacy
A Computational Approach to Identifying Formal Fallacy Gibson A., Rowe G.W, Reed C. University Of Dundee aygibson@computing,dundee.ac.uk growe@computing.dundee.ac.uk creed@computing.dundee.ac.uk Abstract
More informationIs There Anything Wrong with Thomas Kuhn? Markus Arnold, University of Klagenfurt
http://social-epistemology.com ISSN: 2471-9560 Is There Anything Wrong with Thomas Kuhn? Markus Arnold, University of Klagenfurt Arnold, Markus. Is There Anything Wrong with Thomas Kuhn?. Social Epistemology
More informationUniversité Libre de Bruxelles
Université Libre de Bruxelles Institut de Recherches Interdisciplinaires et de Développements en Intelligence Artificielle On the Role of Correspondence in the Similarity Approach Carlotta Piscopo and
More informationArgumentation from expert opinion in science journalism: The case of Eureka s Fight Club
Argumentation from expert opinion in science journalism: The case of Eureka s Fight Club S. Greco Morasso (Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, sara.greco@usi.ch) C. Morasso (Fondazione don Gnocchi
More informationOn the Objectivity of Norms of Argumentation
University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor OSSA Conference Archive OSSA 11 May 18th, 9:00 AM - May 21st, 5:00 PM On the Objectivity of Norms of Argumentation Michael Hoppmann Northeastern University
More informationApril 20 & 21, World Literature & Composition 2. Mr. Thomas
April 20 & 21, 2016 World Literature & Composition 2 Mr. Thomas 60 Second Warm Up At your tables, discuss: If you want to convince your parents to let you go out with your friends on a weekend or to give
More informationSituated actions. Plans are represetitntiom of nction. Plans are representations of action
4 This total process [of Trukese navigation] goes forward without reference to any explicit principles and without any planning, unless the intention to proceed' to a particular island can be considered
More informationA Dialectical Analysis of the Ad Baculum Fallacy
University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor CRRAR Publications Centre for Research in Reasoning, Argumentation and Rhetoric (CRRAR) 2014 A Dialectical Analysis of the Ad Baculum Fallacy Douglas Walton
More informationPREFACE: KEY STRATEGIES TO ADDRESS ARGUMENT AND COMPUTATION
STUDIES IN LOGIC, GRAMMAR AND RHETORIC 23(36) 2011 Marcin Koszowy University of Białystok PREFACE: KEY STRATEGIES TO ADDRESS ARGUMENT AND COMPUTATION The problems lying at the intersection between argumentation
More informationSemiotics an indispensible tool
1 Semiotics an indispensible tool Interview with the President of the World Association of Massmediatic Semiotic & Global Communication By Jorge Marinho Abstract In this interview, Professor Pablo Espinosa
More informationTheory or Theories? Based on: R.T. Craig (1999), Communication Theory as a field, Communication Theory, n. 2, May,
Theory or Theories? Based on: R.T. Craig (1999), Communication Theory as a field, Communication Theory, n. 2, May, 119-161. 1 To begin. n Is it possible to identify a Theory of communication field? n There
More informationOne Question, Two Answers
University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor OSSA Conference Archive OSSA 4 May 17th, 9:00 AM - May 19th, 5:00 PM One Question, Two Answers Jean Goodwin Iowa State University Follow this and additional
More informationStraw man fallacy examples in media
Straw man fallacy 06/25/2017 Mexican gray wolf food chain 06/26/2017 Are mushrooms on the hcg diet 06/27/2017 -Happy birthday to my estranged son -Att uverse channel guides 06/28/2017 Magic bullet 4856
More informationWHAT S LEFT OF HUMAN NATURE? A POST-ESSENTIALIST, PLURALIST AND INTERACTIVE ACCOUNT OF A CONTESTED CONCEPT. Maria Kronfeldner
WHAT S LEFT OF HUMAN NATURE? A POST-ESSENTIALIST, PLURALIST AND INTERACTIVE ACCOUNT OF A CONTESTED CONCEPT Maria Kronfeldner Forthcoming 2018 MIT Press Book Synopsis February 2018 For non-commercial, personal
More informationFormal Dialectical systems and Their Uses in the Study of Argumentation
Formal Dialectical systems and Their Uses in the Study of Argumentation Erik C. W. Krabbe University of Groningen Douglas N. Walton University of Windsor ABSTRACT In this paper we offer an explanation
More informationCOMPUTATIONAL DIALECTIC AND RHETORICAL INVENTION
1 COMPUTATIONAL DIALECTIC AND RHETORICAL INVENTION This paper has three dimensions, historical, theoretical and social. The historical dimension is to show how the Ciceronian system of dialectical argumentation
More informationIntroduction. 1 See e.g. Lakoff & Turner (1989); Gibbs (1994); Steen (1994); Freeman (1996);
Introduction The editorial board hopes with this special issue on metaphor to illustrate some tendencies in current metaphor research. In our Call for papers we had originally signalled that we wanted
More informationTheory or Theories? Based on: R.T. Craig (1999), Communication Theory as a field, Communication Theory, n. 2, May,
Theory or Theories? Based on: R.T. Craig (1999), Communication Theory as a field, Communication Theory, n. 2, May, 119-161. 1 To begin. n Is it possible to identify a Theory of communication field? n There
More informationWhat do Normative Approaches to Argumentation Stand to Gain from Rhetorical Insights
What do Normative Approaches to Argumentation Stand to Gain from Rhetorical Insights Zenker, Frank Published in: Philosophy & Rhetoric 2013 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Zenker,
More informationPragmatics and Rhetoric for Discourse Analysis: Some conceptual remarks
Pragmatics and Rhetoric for Discourse Analysis: Some conceptual remarks Jesus M. Larrazabal and Kepa Korta * {ylplaanj, kkorta}@sc.ehu.es Institute for Logic, Cognition, Language and Information (ILCLI)
More informationINTRODUCTION TO THE POLITICS OF SOCIAL THEORY
INTRODUCTION TO THE POLITICS OF SOCIAL THEORY Russell Keat + The critical theory of the Frankfurt School has exercised a major influence on debates within Marxism and the philosophy of science over the
More informationThe Normative Structure of Case Study Argumentation, Metaphilosophy, 24(3), 1993,
1 The Normative Structure of Case Study Argumentation, Metaphilosophy, 24(3), 1993, 207-226. Douglas Walton, The Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities and Social Sciences (NIAS) Abstract
More informationCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF ADAPTED LEGAL TEXT. S.V. Pervukhina
UDC 81'42 DOI: 10.17223/24109266/5/3 Characteristic features of adapted legal text 19 CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF ADAPTED LEGAL TEXT S.V. Pervukhina Rostov state university of railway (Rostov-on-Don, Russian
More informationDialogue Protocols for Formal Fallacies
Argumentation (2014) 28:349 369 DOI 10.1007/s10503-014-9324-4 Dialogue Protocols for Formal Fallacies Magdalena Kacprzak Olena Yaskorska Published online: 15 August 2014 Ó The Author(s) 2014. This article
More informationThe Edmonton Narrative Norms Instrument (ENNI) printed January 28, last revised January, 2009
The Edmonton Narrative Norms Instrument (ENNI) printed January 28, 2009 http://www.rehabmed.ualberta.ca/spa/enni last revised January, 2009 First Mentions Analysis To assess story microstructure, the ENNI
More informationA Relevance-Theoretic Study of Poetic Metaphor. YANG Ting, LIU Feng-guang. Dalian University of Foreign Languages, Dalian, China
US-China Foreign Language, July 2017, Vol. 15, No. 7, 420-428 doi:10.17265/1539-8080/2017.07.002 D DAVID PUBLISHING A Relevance-Theoretic Study of Poetic Metaphor YANG Ting, LIU Feng-guang Dalian University
More informationKęstas Kirtiklis Vilnius University Not by Communication Alone: The Importance of Epistemology in the Field of Communication Theory.
Kęstas Kirtiklis Vilnius University Not by Communication Alone: The Importance of Epistemology in the Field of Communication Theory Paper in progress It is often asserted that communication sciences experience
More informationNew Dialectical Rules For Ambiguity
New Dialectical Rules For Ambiguity DOUGLAS WALTON University of Winnipeg Abstract: A set of ten rules is proposed for dealing with problems of ambiguity when interpreting a text of argumentative discourse.
More informationЕлектронно научно списание Реторика и комуникации, бр. 22, април 2016 г.
Електронно научно списание Реторика и комуникации, бр. 22, април 2016 г. http://rhetoric.bg/ Rhetoric and Communcation E-Journal, issue 22, April 2016, http://rhetoric.bg/, http://journal.rhetoric.bg/
More informationChudnoff on the Awareness of Abstract Objects 1
Florida Philosophical Society Volume XVI, Issue 1, Winter 2016 105 Chudnoff on the Awareness of Abstract Objects 1 D. Gene Witmer, University of Florida Elijah Chudnoff s Intuition is a rich and systematic
More informationVagueness & Pragmatics
Vagueness & Pragmatics Min Fang & Martin Köberl SEMNL April 27, 2012 Min Fang & Martin Köberl (SEMNL) Vagueness & Pragmatics April 27, 2012 1 / 48 Weatherson: Pragmatics and Vagueness Why are true sentences
More informationPhilosophy and History of Science: Beyond the Kuhnian Paradigm. Hans Radder*
Pergamoa Stud. Hist. Phil. Sci., Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 633455, 1997 0 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd All rights reserved. Printed in Great Britain 0039-3681/97 $17.00+0.00 Philosophy and History of Science: Beyond
More informationManuel Bremer University Lecturer, Philosophy Department, University of Düsseldorf, Germany
Internal Realism Manuel Bremer University Lecturer, Philosophy Department, University of Düsseldorf, Germany Abstract. This essay characterizes a version of internal realism. In I will argue that for semantical
More informationStrategies in Dialectic and Rhetoric
University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor OSSA Conference Archive OSSA 4 May 17th, 9:00 AM - May 19th, 5:00 PM Strategies in Dialectic and Rhetoric Erik C W Krabbe Groningen University Follow this
More informationTwentieth Excursus: Reference Magnets and the Grounds of Intentionality
Twentieth Excursus: Reference Magnets and the Grounds of Intentionality David J. Chalmers A recently popular idea is that especially natural properties and entites serve as reference magnets. Expressions
More informationTypes of Dialogue, Dialectical Relevance and Textual Congruity
ANTHROPOLOGY & PHILOSOPHY Vol. 8 - N. 1-2 - 2007 Douglas N. Walton University of Winnipeg Fabrizio Macagno Catholic University of Milan Types of Dialogue, Dialectical Relevance and Textual Congruity Abstract
More informationGlossary alliteration allusion analogy anaphora anecdote annotation antecedent antimetabole antithesis aphorism appositive archaic diction argument
Glossary alliteration The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables. allusion An indirect reference, often to another text or an historic event. analogy
More informationTypes of perceptual content
Types of perceptual content Jeff Speaks January 29, 2006 1 Objects vs. contents of perception......................... 1 2 Three views of content in the philosophy of language............... 2 3 Perceptual
More informationAdisa Imamović University of Tuzla
Book review Alice Deignan, Jeannette Littlemore, Elena Semino (2013). Figurative Language, Genre and Register. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 327 pp. Paperback: ISBN 9781107402034 price: 25.60
More informationTHE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERTEXTUALITY APPROACH TO DEVELOP STUDENTS CRITI- CAL THINKING IN UNDERSTANDING LITERATURE
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERTEXTUALITY APPROACH TO DEVELOP STUDENTS CRITI- CAL THINKING IN UNDERSTANDING LITERATURE Arapa Efendi Language Training Center (PPB) UMY arafaefendi@gmail.com Abstract This paper
More informationISSA Proceedings 2002 Indicators Of Analogy Argumentation
ISSA Proceedings 2002 Indicators Of Analogy Argumentation 1. Argumentative indicators Every argument can be characterized by an argumentation scheme, which defines the justificatory relation between the
More informationJokes and the Linguistic Mind. Debra Aarons. New York, New York: Routledge Pp. xi +272.
Jokes and the Linguistic Mind. Debra Aarons. New York, New York: Routledge. 2012. Pp. xi +272. It is often said that understanding humor in a language is the highest sign of fluency. Comprehending de dicto
More informationSemiotics of culture. Some general considerations
Semiotics of culture. Some general considerations Peter Stockinger Introduction Studies on cultural forms and practices and in intercultural communication: very fashionable, to-day used in a great diversity
More informationScience and Values: Holism and Radical Environmental Activism
Science and Values: Holism and Radical Environmental Activism James Sage [ jsage@uwsp.edu ] Department of Philosophy University of Wisconsin Stevens Point Science and Values: Holism & REA This presentation
More informationIntroduction. Fiora Salis University of Lisbon
Introduction University of Lisbon BIBLID [0873-626X (2013) 36; pp. i-vi] Singular thought, mental reference, reference determination, coreference, informative identities, propositional attitudes, attitude
More informationMoral Relativism in Context
NOÛS 44:4 (2010) 691 724 Moral Relativism in Context JAMES R. BEEBE SUNY, Buffalo Consider the following facts about the average, philosophically untrained moral relativist: (1.1) The average moral relativist
More informationPoznań, July Magdalena Zabielska
Introduction It is a truism, yet universally acknowledged, that medicine has played a fundamental role in people s lives. Medicine concerns their health which conditions their functioning in society. It
More informationThe fallacies of composition and division revisited
COGENCY Vol. 1, N0. 1 (23-42), Winter 2009 I.S.S.N. 0718-8285 The fallacies of composition and division revisited Las Falacias de composición y división revisitadas Frans H. van Eemeren and Bart Garssen
More informationClaim: refers to an arguable proposition or a conclusion whose merit must be established.
Argument mapping: refers to the ways of graphically depicting an argument s main claim, sub claims, and support. In effect, it highlights the structure of the argument. Arrangement: the canon that deals
More informationEmotion, Relevance and Consolation Arguments
University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor OSSA Conference Archive OSSA 5 May 14th, 9:00 AM - May 17th, 5:00 PM Emotion, Relevance and Consolation Arguments Trudy Govier Follow this and additional works
More informationRelevance, Argumentation and Presentational Devices
University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor OSSA Conference Archive OSSA 8 Jun 3rd, 9:00 AM - Jun 6th, 5:00 PM Relevance, Argumentation and Presentational Devices Cristian Santibanez Yanez Diego Portales
More informationVerbal Ironv and Situational Ironv: Why do people use verbal irony?
Verbal Ironv and Situational Ironv: Why do people use verbal irony? Ja-Yeon Jeong (Seoul National University) Jeong, Ja-Yeon. 2004. Verbal irony and situational irony: Why do people use verbal irony? SNU
More informationIn The Meaning of Ought, Matthew Chrisman draws on tools from formal semantics,
Review of The Meaning of Ought by Matthew Chrisman Billy Dunaway, University of Missouri St Louis Forthcoming in The Journal of Philosophy In The Meaning of Ought, Matthew Chrisman draws on tools from
More informationHear hear. Århus, 11 January An acoustemological manifesto
Århus, 11 January 2008 Hear hear An acoustemological manifesto Sound is a powerful element of reality for most people and consequently an important topic for a number of scholarly disciplines. Currrently,
More informationSidestepping the holes of holism
Sidestepping the holes of holism Tadeusz Ciecierski taci@uw.edu.pl University of Warsaw Institute of Philosophy Piotr Wilkin pwl@mimuw.edu.pl University of Warsaw Institute of Philosophy / Institute of
More informationIntroduction to English Linguistics (I) Professor Seongha Rhee
Introduction to English Linguistics (I) Professor Seongha Rhee srhee@hufs.ac.kr Ch. 3. Pragmatics (167-176) 1. Discourse Meaning - Pronouns 2. Deixis 3. More on Situational Context - Maxims of Conversation
More informationFallacies of Ambiguity
Fallacies of Ambiguity I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky As he later admitted, President Clinton had had "sexual relations" with Miss Lewinsky in the broad sense of a sexual
More informationNotes on Semiotics: Introduction
Notes on Semiotics: Introduction Review of Structuralism and Poststructuralism 1. Meaning and Communication: Some Fundamental Questions a. Is meaning a private experience between individuals? b. Is it
More informationISSA Proceedings 2010 Argumentative Topoi For Refutation And Confirmation
ISSA Proceedings 2010 Argumentative Topoi For Refutation And Confirmation Long lists of topoi fill the manuals of classical rhetorical theory. There are topoi for the person and topoi for the act. There
More informationMetaphor as argument: Rhetorical and epistemic advantages of extended metaphors
Full reference: Oswald, Steve & Rihs, Alain (submitted). Metaphor as argument: Rhetorical and epistemic advantages of extended metaphors. Argumentation. Metaphor as argument: Rhetorical and epistemic advantages
More informationSession 12 POLEMICAL TRICKS AND RHETORICAL PLOYS
UGRC 150 CRITICAL THINKING & PRACTICAL REASONING Session 12 POLEMICAL TRICKS AND RHETORICAL PLOYS Lecturer: Dr. Mohammed Majeed, Dept. of Philosophy & Classics, UG Contact Information: mmajeed@ug.edu.gh
More information