Open Access to Legacy Taxonomic Literature

Transcription

1 Open Access to Legacy Taxonomic Literature Index Animalium & The Biodiversity Heritage Library Courtney Ann Shaw Suzanne C. Pilsk Martin R. Kalfatovic

2 Open Access to Legacy Literature Taxonomic Literature and Nomenclature Sherborn s Index Animalium Going Beyond Scanning to Data Parsing and Data Mining Connecting Users to the Literature They Need Biodiversity Heritage Library Project

3 Taxonomic Literature In any well-appointed Natural History Library there should be found every book and every edition of every book dealing in the remotest way with the subjects concerned. One never knows wherein one edition differs from or supplements the other and unless these are on the same table at the same time it is not possible to collate them properly. Moreover for accurate work it is necessary for the student to verify every reference he may find; it is not enough to copy from a previous author; he must verify each reference itself from the original. Charles Davies Sherborn ( ) Charles Davies Sherborn, Epilogue to Index Animalium, March 1922

4 Taxonomic Literature Nomina si nescis, perit et cognitio rerum Who knoweth not the name, knoweth not the subject -- Linnaeus, 1737, Critica Botanica n. 210

5 Taxonomic Literature Binomial Nomenclature Genus name and Species epithet or descriptor Latin or Latin-ized Bill Gates' Flower Fly Eristalis gatesi Thompson

6 Importance of Publication St. Louis Code of International Code of Botanical Nomenclature International Code of Zoological Nomenclature International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature

7 Names Index Animalium s Citation: albimanus Delphinus, T. R. Peale in Wilkes, Expl. Exped. VIII. 1848, 33 Referring to page 33 of volume 8 of the Narrative of the United States exploring expedition by Charles Wilkes published in 1848 but the Delphinus albimanus was named by T. R. Peale.

8 Taxonomic Literature The cited half-life of publications in taxonomy is longer than in any other scientific discipline * * * Levinus Vincent Elenchus tabularum, pinacothecarum, 1719

9 Our Man Sherborn the Squire Cataloger at heart Slowly went through every relevant text looking for names Created an index that was useful as soon as he started Index AND Bibliography of relevant texts from 1758 through 1850

10 Index Animalium

11 Index Animalium

12 Index Animalium Re-keying of data Parsing data Using tools to harvest out data Manually matching data Wealth of information locked on the page is being liberated!

13 Index Animalium

14 Parsing Steps

15 Database of Data

16 Index Animalium

17 Data Expanded Original Text Full Title Authorized Name Richardson, John. Fauna Bor.- Amer. 4 pts. <em>lond.</em> [Quadr. June 1829 ; Birds, Feb ; Fish, 1836 ; Ins [,,Yes Riedel, W. Die Grasmucken... 8vo. <em>nördl.</em> [B. M., no n. spp.],, Fauna boreali-americana; or, The zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expedition, under command of Captain Sir John Franklin. Die Grasmücken und Nachtigallen in Europa, oder, Vollständige Naturgeschichte dieser vorzüglichsten Singvögel :nebst Zaunkönig und Goldhähnchen : mit besonderer Rücksicht auf Fang, Zähmung, Pflege, Wartung, Nutzen und Vergnügen : ein unentbehrliches Han Richardson, John, Sir, Riedel, Wilhelm, Pfarrer in Pfuhl OCLC SIRIS Risso, A. Ichthyol. de Nice. 8vo. <em>paris</em>, 1810.,, Ichthyologie de Nice, ou Histoire Naturelle des Poissons du department des Alpes Maritimes. Risso, A. (Antoine),

18 Index Animalium Current Uses Look up individual species Batch whole data sets for comparisons Future Possibilities Updated Species Information Accurate images of species Geographic Distributions Other databases can link (such as UBIO)

19 Biodiversity Heritage Library

20 Biodiversity Heritage Library Insecta. Diptera. Volume I ( ) Yet another physical difficulty is the task of assembling the library and indexes which will enable the student to work under proper conditions. the beginner must now be prepared to spend liberally, or else must establish himself in an institution where a large library exists; if he work by himself with only a few books, he will have to confine himself to a very narrow specialty indeed. 'The Limitations of Taxonomy' by J.M. Aldrich, Science, April 22, 1927, vol. LXV, no. 1686, p.381

21 Biodiversity Heritage Library The essential requirements for accessing and utilising this global information are: that there is access to information held in national/regional/global collections that electronic data is efficiently captured and provided in useable form that existing information held in literature and by current experts is made available electronically that stability of scientific names of organisms, used to access this information, is promoted - Darwin Declaration, 1998 Massachusetts. Zoological and Botanical Survey Reports on the fishes, reptiles and birds of Massachusetts, 1839

22 Biodiversity Heritage Library Biologia Centrali-Americana Edited by Frederick Ducane Godman and Osbert Salvin London : Pub. for the editors by R. H. Porter, US & Canada Europe Mexico & C. America South America Chart showing distribution in public collections of the complete 63 volume sets held worldwide. 2 complete copies in Central America held at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Library

23 Biodiversity Heritage Library My deepest gratitude for allowing me access to the digital version of the very rare "Bulletin des Séances de la Société Entomologique de France". It has been very important for my work on the database of the names of the butterflies of the world to be able to consult at leisure this series, which is held by extremely few libraries in the world. I cannot stress enough the importance of having access to electronic versions of the literature, especially to us researchers who cannot benefit from well-endowed institutional libraries.

24 Biodiversity Heritage Library February 2005: Library and Laboratory: the Marriage of Research, Data and Taxonomic Literature met in London. May 2005: the libraries represented at the London meeting gathered in Washington to lay out the ground work for the Biodiversity Heritage Library. June 2006: the members of the Biodiversity Heritage Library met in Washington to work on technical details of the project. Ernest Ingersoll Hand-book to the National Museum Smithsonian Institution, 1886

25 Biodiversity Heritage Library Museums American Museum of Natural History (New York) Natural History Museum (London) Smithsonian Institution (Washington, D.C.) Field Museum (Chicago)

26 Biodiversity Heritage Library Botanical Gardens Missouri Botanical Garden New York Botanical Garden Royal Botanic Garden, Kew

27 Biodiversity Heritage Library University Libraries Botany Libraries, Harvard University Ernst Meyer Library of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University

28 Biodiversity Heritage Library Bioinformatics Member Marine Biological Laboratory / Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBL/WHOI)

29 Biodiversity Heritage Library Partner Internet Archive

30 Biodiversity Heritage Library Mandates: Open Access: all content can be reused, repurposed, reformatted, sliced, diced, scraped, and???

31 Biodiversity Heritage Library Mandates: Follows the Opt In copyright model. The BHL will actively work with professional societies and associations to integrate their publications into the BHL in a way that serves the societies missions and goals.

32 Biodiversity Heritage Library Metadata Repository Store all bibliographic metadata for the member libraries; create volume, part, piece metadata; ingest page level metadata at scanning level for the creation of page level Globally Unique Identifiers (GUIDs) for linking to other taxonomic services Jacob Christian Schäffer Elementa entomologica

33 Biodiversity Heritage Library BHL Taxonomic Intelligence Tool - Developed by David Remsen and staff MBL/WHOI Library Georges Louis Leclerc, comte de Buffon Histoire naturelle : générale et particulière (Oiseaux),

34 Biodiversity Heritage Library

35 Biodiversity Heritage Library

36 Biodiversity Heritage Library

37 Biodiversity Heritage Library

38 Biodiversity Heritage Library

39 BHL Metadata Repository II BHL Public Interface Taxonomic Web Services e.g. CBOL, GBIF, ITIS, GenBank, INOTAXA documents, etc. BHL BHL MR Internet Archive

40

41

42 Future Plans for the BHL Collection Data Analysis Workflow for scanning of texts Fostering relationships with scholarly publishers of current taxonomic journals Working on the metadata needed at the levels of citation in taxonomic texts

43 Future Plans for the BHL E.O. Wilson s Encyclopedia of Life Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) DIGIT ECatalog Barcode of Life (embedded in Genbank) Taxonomic Literature Schema

44

45 Open Access to Legacy Taxonomic Literature Index Animalium / Charles Davies Sherborn Biodiversity Heritage Library IAMSLIC Presentation Courtney Shaw ShawC@si.edu Suzanne Pilsk PilskS@si.edu Martin Kalfatovic KalfatovicM@si.edu

46 Open Access to Legacy Taxonomic Literature Contact Information Courtney Shaw Suzanne Pilsk Martin Kalfatovic Galaxy of Images Index Animalium / Charles Davies Sherborn Biodiversity Heritage Library e-biologia Centrali- Americana Nomenclator Zoologicus Universal Biological Indexer and Organizer (UBio) Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) Taxonomic Databases Working Group (TDWG) Darwin Declaration Convention on Biological Diversity