CHAPTER Thomas Hardy: Psychologz'cal Novelz'st

Transcription

1 Notes CHAPTER 1 1. One Rare Fair Woman: Thomas Hardy's Letters to Florence Henniker, , edited by E. Hardy and F. B. Pinion (Macmillan, 1972), p Roy Morrell, Thomas Hardy, the WtU and the Way (University of Malaya Press, 1965). 3. Jean Brooks, Thomas Hardy: the Poetic Structure (Elek, 1971). 4. Hardy's Personal Wntings, edited by Harold Orel, University of Kansas, 1966 (Macmillan, 1967), p Ibid., p Ian Gregor, The Great Web (Faber, 1974), p Hardy's Personal Wntings, op. cit., pp Tess of the d'urbervilles (Collins, 1958), Chapter D. H. Lawrence, 'A Propos of Lady Chatterley's Lover' (Penguin, 1961), p Tess of the d'urbervz1les, Chapter The Return of the Native (Macmillan, 1960), Book First, Chapter Letter to Harper and Brothers, 7 April 1894, R. L. Purdy, Thomas Hardy: A Bibliographical Study (Oxford University Press, 1954), p Florence Emily Hardy, The Lzfe of Thomas Hardy (Macmillan, 1933). 14. The Literary Notes of Thomas Hardy, edited by Lerman A. Bjork (GOteborg, 1974). 15. I am indebted to Lennan Bjork for this information, which is panly derived from his edition of the Notebooks and also from his lecture on the influence of Fourier on Hardy's social and psychological thinking given at the 1975 Hardy Society Summer School. 16. Bjork, op. cit., p Ibid., p Ibid., p Preface to Poems of the Past and the Present, Complete Poems (Macmillan, 1976), p The Yorkshire Post, 8 June Blackwood's Magazine, January Edmund Gosse, Review of Jude the Obscure in St. james's Gazette, November The Savoy, October Donald Davidson, "The Traditional Basis of Hardy's Fiction", The Southern Review, Hardy Centenary Number,

2 Notes F. R. Leavis, The Great Tradition (Chatto and Windus, 1948), Chapter Lord David Cecil, Hardy the Novelist (Constable, 1943), Chapter Davidson, op. cit. 28. A.J. Guerard, Thomas Hardy (New Directions, 1964), p Cecil, op. cit., Chapter Pierre d'exideuil, The Human Pair in the Works of Thomas Hardy, translated by F. W. Gosse (Humphrey Toulmin, 1930). 31. "The Integrity of Hardy", Essays and Studies of the English Association, Roy Morrell, Thomas Hardy, the Will and the Way. 33. F. E. Hardy, op. cit., p The Return of the Native, Book Third, Chapter Letter quoted by Theodor Reik in From Thirty Years with Freud (New York and Toronto, 1940), p F. E. Hardy, op. cit., p CHAPTER 2 1. Desperate Remedies (Macmillan, 1960), Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Charles Morgan, The House of MaC1m1lan (Macmillan, 1943), pp The Spectator, 22 April Chapter A Laodicean (Macmillan, 1960), Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter M. Millgate, Thomas Hardy (Bodley Head, 1971), pp "The Distracted Preacher", V (Wessex Tales, Macmillan, 1960). 22. Ibid., IV. 23. Note on Wessex Tales, Desperate Remedies, Chapter F. E. Hardy, op. cit., p H. R. Beech, Changing Man:S Behaviour (Penguin, 1969) p B. F. Skinner, Science and Human Behaviour (Macmillan, 1953), p In the final chapter of Introduction to Comparative Psychology (Walter Scott, 1894). 29. Skinner, op. cit., p D. Blackman, Operant Conditioning (Methuen, 1974), p. 215.

3 196 Thomas Hardy: Psychologz'cal Novelz'st 31. Beech, op. cit., p Ibid., p Ibid., p Ibid., p After Strange Gods (Faber, 1934). 36. The Woodlanders (Macmillan, 1960), Chapter Ibid., Chapter F. E. Hardy, op. cit., p CHAPTER 3 1. Ibid., p Ibid., p Ibid., p The Well-Beloved (Macmillan, 1960), Part 1: Part 1: Part 1: Part II: Part II: Part II: Part II: Part 1: Part 1: Part 1: Part 1: Part II: Part III: Illustrated London News, 3 December Jung, Integration of the Personality (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1940), Chapter Ibid., Chapter Ibid., Chapter Jung, Archetypes of the Collective Unconscious, Collected Works, translated by Hall (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1954), Vol. 9 (i). 22. Jung, Integration of the Personality, Chapter Jung, Archetypes of the Collective Unconscious, Collected Works, Vol. 9 (i), p Jung, Aion, Collected Works, Vol. 9 (ii), p The Well-Beloved, Part 1: Jung, Archetypes of the Collective Unconscious, Collected Works, Vol. 9 (i), p The Well-Beloved, Part II: Part II: Part II: Jung, Archetypes of the Collective Unconscious, Collected Works, Vol. 9 (i), p The Well-Beloved, Part II: Jung, The Integration of the Personality, p Jung, Aion, Collected Works, Vol. 9 (ii), p. 268.

4 Notes 197 M. The WeU-Beloved, Part II: Part II: Jung, Archetypes of the Collective Unconscious, CoUected Works, Vol. 9 (i), p The Well-Beloved, Part II: Part II: Part II: Part 1: Part II: Part 1: Part II: Part II: Jung, Archetypes of the CoUective Unconscious, Collected Works, Vol. 9 (i), p Ibid., p Ibid. 48. The WeU-Beloved, Part 1: Jung, The Integration of the Personality. p The Well-Beloved, Part III: Jung, CoUected Works, Vol. 9 (i), p F. E. Hardy, op. cit., p Ibid. 54. Ibid., p Proust, Letters, edited by Curtis (Chatto &. Windus, 1950). 56. F. E. Hardy, op. cit., p Proust, La Prisonniere, II, translated by C. K. Scott-Moncrieff, (Chatto &. Windus, 1922), p Proust, Le Temps Retrouve, p F. E. Hardy, op. cit., p Proust, Le COte de Guermantes, p The Well-Beloved, Part II: F. E. Hardy, Life of Thomas Hardy, p Proust, A l'ombre desjeunes Filles en Fleur, I, p Proust, A l'ombre, p The Well-Beloved, Part 1: Proust, A l'ombre, I, p The WeU-Beloved, Part II: Proust, A l'ombre, I, p Proust, Le Temps Retrouve, p F. E. Hardy, op. cit., p Ibid.,p CHAPTER4 1. Far from the Madding Crowd (Macmillan, 1960), Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter 51.

5 198 Thomas Hardy: Psychologz"cal Novelz"st 6. Chapter Chapter! Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Freud, Repression, Standard Edition, translated by James Strachey (Routledge, 1915) Vol. XIV, p !1. Freud, Repression, p Freud: Autobiographical Study, Standard Edition (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1924), Vol. XX, p. 2! Far from the Madding Crowd, Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter! Chapter 18. 2!1. Freud, Autobiographical Study, p Chapter! Freud, Inhibitions, Symptoms and Anxiety, Vol. XX, p Chapter Preface to jude the Obscure (Macmillan, 1960). 28. Preface to Poems of the Past and the Present, Complete Poems (Macmillan, 1976). 29. Freud, Repression, p. 146.!10. Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Idea, (1844) Vol.!I, p. 169, translated by Haldane and Kemp (Trubner, 188!1).!11. Freud, Autobiographical Study, p. 2!1.!12. Freud, On the History of the Psychoanalytical Movement (1914), Vol. XIV, p. 16.!1!1. Far from the Madding Crowd, Chapter 14.!14. Freud, Autobiographical Study, p. 2!1.!15. Far from the Madding Crowd, Chapter! Chapter!15.!17. Chapter 12.!18. Chapters 19 and 5!1.!19. Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter 55. 4!1. Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter! Chapter Chapter 5! Chapter 18.

6 Notes Chapter Chapter Freud, Inhibitions, Symptoms and Anxiety, Standard Edition (1926), Vol. XX, p Chapter Chapter "The Mirror and the Sword", Nineteenth Century Fiction (March 1964) May From One Rare Fair Woman. CHAPTER 5 1. Preface to The Mayor of Casterbridge (Macmillan, 1960). 2. The Mayor of Casterbn'dge, Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter 44.

7 200 Thomas Hardy: Psychological Novelist 38. Chapter Chapter Freud, Civilisation and its Discontents (Hogarth Press, 1930), p The Mayor ofcasterbridge, Chapter Adler, Aggressiontrieb, (1908), The Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler, translated by H. L. and R. R. Ansbacher (Allen and Unwin, 1958), p Ibid., p Ibid. 45. Lorenz, On Aggression (Methuen, 1966), p Storr, Human Aggression (Penguin, 1968), p The Mayor of Casterbridge, Chapter Freud, Civilisation and its Discontents, p Adler, op. cit., p Ibid., p Storr, Human Aggression, p Ibid. 53. The Mayor of Casterbridge, Chapter Chapter Storr, op. cit., p The Mayor of Casterbn'dge, Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Storr, op. cit., p The Mayor of Casterbridge, Chapter Adler, op. cit., p The Mayor ofcasterbn'dge, Chapter Chapter Chapter Hardy's Personal Wmmgs. 67. Freud, Civilisation and its Discontents, p Storr, op. cit., p D. J. West, Murder Followed by Suicide (Heinemann, 1965), p The Mayor of Casterbn'dge, Chapter Chapter Guerard: A Study of Thomas Hardy (New Directions, 1964), p R. D. Laing, TheSelfandOthers(TavistockPublications,1961),Chapter TheMayorofCasterbridge, Chapter Chapter Chapter Storr, op. cit., p Ibid., p The Mayor of Casterbn'dge, Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter F. E. Hardy, op. cit., p The Mayor ofcasterbridge, Chapter I. 85. Chapter 5.

8 Notes Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter F. E. Hardy, op. cit., p llo. The Mayor of Casterbn"dge, Chapter 45. lll. Chapter 43. ll2. Wznter Words, Complete Poems (Macmillan, 1976), p The Mayor of Casterbn"dge, Chapter 14. CHAPTER 6 1. F. E. Hardy, op. cit., p The Woodlanders, Chapter Chapter F. E. Hardy, op. cit.. p Ibid.. p The Woodlanders, Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter D. H. Lawrence, Women in Love (Seeker, 1921), Chapter E. M. Forster,AspectsoftheNovel(Amold, 1927), Chapter The Woodlanders, Chapter 6.

9 202 Thomas Hardy: Psychological Novelist 19. Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter R. D. Laing, The Dt"vided Self(Tavistock Publications, 1960), Chapter R. D. Laing, The Self and Others, Chapter The Woodlanders, Chapter R. D. Laing, The Self and Others, Chapter R. D. Laing, The Dt"vided Self, Chapter Ibid., Chapter The Woodlanders, Chapter Chapter R. D. Laing, The Self and Others, Chapter The Woodlanders, Chapter Chapter F. E. Hardy, op. cit., p Ian Gregor, op. cit., p Letter to Edmund Gosse, 20 November 1895, quoted in F. E. Hardy, op. cit., p Quoted by C. J. Weber in Hardy and the Lady from Madison Square (Colby College Press, 1952), p Letter to Mrs Henniker, 29September 1907, in One Rare Fair Woman, op. cit., p F. E. Hardy, op. cit., p The Woodlanders, Chapter Chapter Chapter 3.

10 Notes Chapter 48. CHAPTER 7 1. F. E. Hardy, op. cit., p Irving Howe, Thomas Hardy (Masters of Literature Series, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1968), p Ibid. 4. The Return of the Native, Book First, Chapter D. H. Lawrence, "The Novel and the Feelings", Phoenix (Heinemann, 1936), p The Return of the Native, Book First, Chapter D. H. Lawrence, "The Novel and the Feelings", op. cit., p The Return of the Native, Book First, Chapter Book First, Chapter Book First, Chapter Book First, Chapter Book First, Chapter Book First, Chapter Book First, Chapter Book First, Chapter Book First, Chapter Book Second, Chapter Book Fourth, Chapter Book Fourth, Chapter Book Fifth, Chapter One Rare Fair Woman, p. 139 (See Chapter 4, page 55). 22. The Return of the Native, Book Fifth, Chapter Book Fifth, Chapter Book Fifth, Chapter Book Fifth, Chapter Book First, Chapter Book Fifth, Chapter Book First, Chapter Book First, Chapter Book Third, Chapter Book Second, Chapter Book Third, Chapter Book Third, Chapter Book Third, Chapter Book Third, Chapter Book Third, Chapter Book Third, Chapter Book Third, Chapter Book Fourth, Chapter Book Third, Chapter Book Third, Chapter Book Third, Chapter Book Third, Chapter 4.

11 204 Thomas Hardy: Psychological Novelist 44. Jude the Obscure (Macmillan, 1960), IV, The Return of the Native, Book Third, Chapter Book Third, Chapter Book Third, Chapter Book Third, Chapter Book Third, Chapter Book Third, Chapter Book Fourth, Chapter Book Fifth, Chapter Book Fifth, Chapter Book Fifth, Chapter Book Fifth, Chapter Book Fifth, Chapter Book Fifth, end of Chapter 2, beginning of Chapter Book Fifth, Chapter Book Fifth, Chapter Book Sixth, Chapter Book Fifth, Chapter Book Third, Chapter Book Fourth, Chapter Freud, Civilisation and its Discontents, p Ibid. 66. The Return of the Native, Book Third, Chapter Book Sixth, Chapter Book Sixth, Chapter Book Third, Chapter Book Third, Chapter Book Third, Chapter Book Fourth, Chapter Book Fifth, Chapter Jung, A Commentary on "The Secret of the Golden Flower", Collected Works, Vols. 13, 15, p The Return of the Native, Book First, Chapter Jung, Archetypes of the Collective Unconscious, p The Return of the Native, Book First, Chapter Jung, Archetypes of the Collective Unconscious, p Ibid., pp The Return of the Native, Book First, Chapter Book First, Chapter Jung, Archetypes of the Collective Unconscious, p Ibid., p The Return of the Native, Book First, Chapter 1. CHAPTER 8 1. A Pair of Blue Eyes (Macmillan, 1960), Chapter Freud, "Civilised" Sexual Morality and the Neuroses, Standard Edition, 1908, Vol. IX, p. 186.

12 Notes Ibid., p Ibid. 5. Ibid., p A Pair of Blue Eyes, Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Jung, Memories, Dreams and Reflections (Routledge, 1963), p A Pair of Blue Eyes, Chapter Chapter Chapter Freud, Totem and Taboo, Standard Edition (1913), Vol. XIV. 17. A Pair of Blue Eyes, Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter In The Academy, 6 February 1892, quoted in Lerner and Holmstrom, Thomas Hardy and His Readers (Bodley Head, 1968), p Conversation with Raymond Blathwayt, printed in Black and White, 27 August 1892, Lerner and Holmstrom, ibid., p Tess of the d'urberviues, Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter 31.

13 206 Thomas Hardy: Psychological Novelist 50. Arnold Kettle, Introduction to Tess of the d'urbervilles, Standard Edition, (Harper & Row, 1966), p. xiv. 51. Tess of the d'urbervilles, Chapter Chapter Jung, Two Essays in Analytical Psychology, Collected Works, Vol. 7, p Jung, Aion, p Jung, The Development of the Personality, Collected Works, Vol. 17, p Tess of the d'urber~~~1les, Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Freud, Delusions and Dreams in jensens's "Gradiva", Standard Edition, Vol. IX, p Ibid., p Ibid., p Ibid., p Tess of the d'urber~~~"ues, Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Freud, The Taboo of Virginity, Standard Edition, 1917, Vol. XVI, p Freud, On Narcissism, Standard Editz'on, 1914, Vol. XIV, p Group Psychology, VIII, Being in Love and Hypnosis, Standard Edition, 1921, Vol. XVIII, p Schopenhauer, "The Metaphysics of Love", Essays of Schopenhauer, translated by Dircks (Walter Scott, 1897), p Tess of the d'urber~~~ ues, Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Freud, Civilisatz'on and its Discontents, Chapter 5, p Tess of the d'urbervilles, Chapter Chapter Chapter Irving Howe, Thomas Hardy, p Tess of the d'urber~~~"ues, Chapter Complete Poems, op. cit., p Tess of the d'urber~~~1les, Chapter Preface to jude the Obscure. 91. Preface to Poems of the Past and the Present. (Complete Poems, op. cit., p. 84.) 92. Tess of the d'urbervilles, Chapter 36.

14 Notes Freud, "Civilised" Sexual Morality and the Neuroses, p Tess of the d'urberuiues, Chapter Chapter Freud, The Taboo of Virginity op. cit., p Tess of the d'urberuiues, Chapter! Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Ian Gregor, op. cit., p Tess of the d'urberuilles, Chapter Gregor, op. cit., p Ibid., p Tess of the d'urberuilles, Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter D. H. Lawrence, A Propos of Lady Chatterley's Lover (Penguin, p. 92). CHAPTER9 1. Hardy, Letter to Gosse, 20 November 1895, quoted in F. E. Hardy, op. cit., p F. E. Hardy, op. cit., p Preface to Jude the Obscure. 4. F. E. Hardy, op. cit., p Hardy in William Archer, Real Conversations (Heinemann, 1904). 6. Jude the Obscure, Part First, II. 7. Part First, I. 8. Part First, II. 9. Part First, II. 10. Part First, III. 11. Part First, IV. 12. Part First, V. 13. Part First, V 14. Freud, "Civilised" Sexual Moralt~y and the Neuroses, p The New Review, June Jude the Obscure, Part First, XI. 17. Part First, XI. 18. Freud, Civilisation and ~~s Discontents, p Jude the Obscure, Part Second, VII. 20. Part Second, VII. 21. Hardy, Letter to Gosse, 20 November 1895, quoted in F. E. Hardy, op. cit., p Freud, "Civilised" Sexual Moralt~y and the Neuroses, p. 191.

15 208 Thomas Hardy: Psychological Novelist 23. Jude the Obscure, Part First, IX. 24. Part Third, IX. 25. Part Third, VIII. 26. Part Third, VIII. 27. Part Third, IX. 28. Part Third, IX. 29. Part Third, IX. 30. Part Third, IX. 31. Part Third, IX. 32. Part Third, X. 33. Part Fourth, I. 34. Part Fourth, III 35. Part Fourth, III. 36. Freud, Civilisation and its Discontents, pp Jude the Obscure, Part Fifth, II. 38. Part Fifth, II. 39. Part Fifth, III. 40. Part'Fifth, II. 41. Part Fifth, IV. 42. Part Fifth, IV. 43. Part Sixth, III. 44. Part Sixth, III. 45. Part Sixth, III. 46. Part Sixth, III. 47. Part Sixth, III. 48. Part Sixth, IV. 49. Part Sixth, VIII. 50. Part Sixth, VI. 51. Part Sixth, VII. 52. Mrs Oliphant, "The Anti-Marriage League", Blackwood's Magazine, January 1896, quoted in Lerner and Holmstrom, Thomas Hardy and His Readers, p D. H. Lawrence, "Study of Thomas Hardy" Phoenix, op. cit., p Freud, "Civilised" Sexual Morality and the Neuroses, p Jude the Obscure, Part Fourth, III. 56. Freud, "Civilised" Sexual Morality and the Neuroses, p Jude the Obscure, Part Sixth, X. 58. Part Second, VI. 59. Freud, "Civilised" Sexual Morau~y and the Neuroses, p Freud, Civilisation and zh Discontents, p Ibid., p Jude the Obscure, Part First, VI. 63. Part First, VII. 64. Freud, The Ego and the /d, Standard Edition, 1923, Vol. XIX, p Freud, Civilisation and its Discontents, pp E. M. Forster, Howards End, (Arnold, 1910), Chapter D. H. Lawrence, A Propos of "Lady Chatterley's Lover", op. cit., p D. H. Lawrence, Women in Love, Chapter Ibid., Chapter 8.

16 Notes Jude the Obscure, Part Fifth, I. 71. D. H. Lawrence, "Study of Thomas Hardy", Phoenix, op. cit., p Jude the Obscure, Part First, VI. 73. A. Alvarez, "Essay on Jude the Obscure", Beyond AU This Fiddle (Allen Lane, 1968), p Letter to Mrs Henniker, 16 September 1893, One Rare Fair Woman, p F. E. Hardy, op. cit., p J. I. M. Stewart, "The Integrity of Hardy" (&says and Studies of the English Association, 1948). 77. Letter to Gosse, 16 November 1895, quoted in F. E. Hardy, op. cit., p Edmund Gosse, review of jude the Obscure in St James's Gazette (November 1895). 79. Letter to Gosse, 20 November 1895, quoted in F. E. Hardy, op. cit., p Havelock Ellis, review of jude the Obscure, The Savoy, October Studies in the Psychology of Sex (London University, ), Vol. VI, Chapter Jude the Obscure, Part Fourth, V. 83. D. H. Lawrence, "Study of Thomas Hardy", Phoenix, op. cit., p Ibid., p Ibid., p Review of jude the Obscure in The Savoy. 87. Hardy's Personal Wntings, p Letter to Gosse, 20 November 1895, quoted in F. E. Hardy, op. cit., p Jude the Obscure, Part Third, IV. 90. Part Third, IV. 91. Part Third, IV. 92. Part Third, VII. 93. Part Third, VII. 94. Part Third, VI. 95. Part Fourth, II. 96. Part Fourth, II. 97. Lerner and Holmstrom, op. cit., p jude the Obscure, Part Third, IX. 99. Part Sixth, IX Part Second, III Lerner and Holmstrom, op. cit., p Jude the Obscure, Part Fourth, III Part Third, IX Part Fifth, V Part Fourth, III Part Fourth, V Part Fifth, I Part Fifth, II Part Fifth, III Part Fifth, III Part Sixth, III.

17 210 Thomas Hardy: Psychological Novelist 112. Part Fifth, III Freud, General Theory of the Neuroses, Standard Edition, 1917, Vol. XVI, p Letter to Gosse, 20 November 1895, quoted in F. E. Hardy, op. cit., p Freud, On Narcissism, Standard Edition, 1914, Vol. XIV, p Ibid., p Ibid jude the Obscure, Pan Fourth, V Freud, On Narcissism, p jude the Obscure, Pan Third, IV Freud, The Instincts and their Vicissitudes, Standard Edition, 1915, Vol. XIV, p Ibid., p jude the Obscure, Pan Sixth, III Pan Sixth, III Pan Sixth, III Pan Sixth, III Pan Sixth, III Pan Fourth, III Pan Third, IV Pan Fifth, I Part Sixth, VIII Pan Sixth, XI Part Sixth, IV Freud, General Theory of the Neuroses, p Ibid Ibid., p jude the Obscure, Part Sixth, IX Part Sixth, III Part Fifth, V Freud, General Theory of the Neuroses, p jude the Obscure, Part Sixth, V Part Second, II Part Fourth, II Part Fourth, IV Part Third, I Part Third, II Part Third, IV Part Fourth, V Part Third, IV Part Third, VII Part Third VII Part Third, IV Part Third, V D. H. Lawrence, Women in Love, Chapter D. H. Lawrence, "The Novel and the Feelings", Phoenix II, (Heinemann, 1968), p A. Alvarez, op. cit., p. 185.

18 Notes R. Heilman, "Hardy's Sue Bridehead", Nineteenth Century Fiction, , Vol Jude the Obscure, Part Sixth, II Hardy's Personal Wntmgs, pp D. H. Lawrence, "Morality and the Novel", Phoenix, op. cit., p F. E. Hardy, op. cit., p Freud, Civilisation and ~~s Discontents, p One Rare Fair Woman, p D. H. Lawrence, "Surgery for the Novel - or a Bomb", Phoenix, op. cit., p CHAPTERIO 1. Gregor, op. cit., p Ibid., p Letter to Gosse, 20 November 1895, quoted in F. E. Hardy, op. cit., p. 272). 4. The Mayor of Casterbndge, Chapter F. E. Hardy, op. cit., p Archer, Real Conversations. 7. F. E. Hardy, op. cit., p Tess of the d'urberuilles, Chapter Ibid., Chapter Virginia Woolf, CoUected Essays, (Hogarth Press, 1966), Vol. I, p. 258, quoted by Gregor, op. cit., p. 33. ll Preface to jude the Obscure. 12. D. H. Lawrence, "The Novel and the Feelings", Phoenix, op. cit., p D. H. Lawrence, "Why the Novel Matters", Phoenix, op. cit., p F. E. Hardy, op. cit., p Preface to jude the Obscure. 16. Alfred Kazin, Contemporanes, (Seeker and Warburg, 1963), p F. E. Hardy, op. cit., p. 370.

19 Bibliography WORKS BY HARDY FICTION Desperate Remedies, Macmillan, A Pair of Blue Eyes, Macmillan, Far from the Madding Crowd, Macmillan, The Return of the Native, Macmillan, A Laodicean, Macmillan, The Mayor of Casterbridge, Macmillan, The Woodlanders, Macmillan, Wessex Tales, Macmillan, Tess of the d'urberuz"lles, Collins, A Group of Noble Dames, Macmillan, Life's Little Ironies, Macmillan, Jude the Obscure, Macmillan, The Well-Beloved, Macmillan, (first published in The Illustrated London News, 1892) A Changed Man, Macmillan, NON-FICTION The Complete Poems edited by James Gibson, Macmillan, The Life of Thomas Hardy by F1orence Emily Hardy, Macmillan, Hardy's Personal Wrz"tzngs, edited by Harold Orel, Macmillan, One Rare Fair Woman: Thomas Hardy's Letters to Florence Henniker, , edited by E. Hardy and F. B. Pinion, Macmillan, The Literary Notes of Thomas Hardy, edited by Lennart A. 212 Bjork, Goteborg, 1974.

20 WORKS BY OTHER AurHORS Bibliography 213 Adler, A. The Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler, translated by H. L. and R. R. Ansbacher, Allen & Unwin, Allen, Grant. The Woman Who Did, John Lane, Alvarez, A. Beyond All This Fiddle, Allen Lane, Archer, W. Real Conversations, Heinemann, Beech, H. R. Changing Man's Behaviour, Penguin, Blackman, D. Operant Conditioning, Methuen, Blathwayt, R. Conversation with Hardy, Black and White, 27 August Brooks, Jean. Thomas Hardy: The Poetic Structure, Elek, Carpenter, R. C. "The Mirror and the Sword", Nineteenth Century Fiction, March Cecil, Lord David. Hardy the Novelist, Constable, Davidson, Donald. "The Traditional Basis of Hardy's Fiction", Southern Review, Hardy Centenary Number, Eliot, T. S. After Strange Gods, Faber & Faber, Ellis, Havelock. Review of jude the Obscure, The Savoy, October Ellis, Havelock. Studies in the Psychology of Sex, London University d'exideuil, P. The Human Pair i'n the Works of Thomas Hardy translated by F. W. Gosse, Humphrey Toulmin, Forster, E. M. Howards End, Arnold, Forster, E. M. Aspects of the Novel, Arnold, Fourier, C. Passions of the Human Soul, translated by J. R. Morell, Hyppolyte Balliere, London, Freud, Sigmund. Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, translated and edited by James Strachey, Hogarth Press, : Freud, Sigmund. Delusions and Dreams in jensen's "Gradiva" Vol. IX, Freud, Sigmund. "Civz1ised" Sexual Moral#y and the Neuroses Vol. IX, Freud, Sigmund. Totem and Taboo, Vol. XIV, Freud, Sigmund. On the History of the Psychoanalytical Movement, Vol. XIV, Freud, Sigmund. On Narcissism, Vol. XIV, Freud, Sigmund. Repression, Vol. XIV, Freud, Sigmund. The Instz'ncts and their Vicissitudes, Vol. XIV, 1915.

21 214 Thomas Hardy: Psycholog'ical Novelist Freud, Sigmund. General Theory of the Neuroses, Vol. XVI, Freud, Sigmund. The Taboo of Virginity, Vol. XVI, Freud, Sigmund. Group Psychology VIII: Being in Love and Hypnosis, Vol. XVIII, Freud, Sigmund. The Ego and the Id, Vol. XIX, Freud, Sigmund. Autobiographical Study, Vol. XX, Freud, Sigmund. Inhibitions, Symptoms and Anxiety, Vol. XX, Freud, Sigmund. Civz'lisation and its Discontents, Vol. XXI, Hogarth Press, Gosse, E. Review of jude the Obscure, St. james's Gazette, November 1895, and Cosmopolis January Gregor, Ian. The Great Web, Faber & Faber, Guerard, A. J. Thomas Hardy, New Directions, Heilmann, R. "Hardy's Sue Bridehead", Nineteenth Century Fiction, , Vol. 20. Howe, Irving. Thomas Hardy, Masters of World Literature Series, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, Jung, C. G. Aion, Collected Works, Routledge & Kegan Paul, , Vol. 9 (ii). Jung, C. G. Archetypes of the Collective Unconscious, Collected Works, Vol. 9 (i). Jung, C. G. A Commentary on "The Secret of the Golden Flower", Collected Works, Vol. 13. Jung, C. G. The Development of the Personality, Collected Works, Vol. 17. Jung, C. G. The Integration of the Personality, Routledge & Kegan Paul, Jung, C. G. Memories, Dreams and Reflections, Routledge & Kegan Paul, Jung, C. G. Two Essays z'n Analytical Psychology, Collected Works, Vol. 7. Joyce, James. Ulysses, Bodley Head, Kazin, A. Contemporan'es, Seeker and Warburg, Kettle, Arnold. Introduction to Tess of the d'urbervilles, Standard Editz'on, New York, Harper & Row, Laing, R. D. The Divz'ded Self, Tavistock Publications, Laing, R. D. The Self and Others, Tavistock Publications, Lawrence, D. H. "A Propos of Lady Chatterley's Lover", Penguin, 1961.

22 Bibliography 215 Lawrence, D. H. "The Novel and the Feelings", Phoenix, Heinemann, Lawrence, D. H. "Morality and the Novel", Phoenix, Heinemann, Lawrence, D. H. "Study of Thomas Hardy", Phoenix, Heinemann, Lawrence, D. H. "Surgery for the Novel- or a Bomb", Phoenix, Heinemann, Lawrence, D. H. "Why the Novel Matters", Phoenix, Heinemann, Lawrence, D. H. "The State of Funk", Phoenix II, Heinemann, Lawrence, D. H. Sons and Lovers, Duckworth, Lawrence, D. H. The Rainbow, Methuen, Lawrence, D. H. Women in Love, Seeker, Lawrence, D. H. "The Fox", in The Ladybird, Seeker, Leavis, F. R. The Great Traditz"on, Chatto & Windus, Lerner L. and Holmstrom, T. Thomas Hardy and his Readers, Bodley Head, Lorenz, Konrad. On Aggression, Methuen, Millgate, M. Thomas Hardy, Bodley Head, Morrell, Roy. Thomas Hardy, The Will and the Way, University of Malaya Press, Morgan, Charles. The House of Macmz"llan, Macmillan, Morgan, C. Lloyd. Introductz"on to Comparatz"ve Psychology, Walter Scott, Neill, A. S. Hearts not Heads in School, Herbert jenkins, Oliphant, Mrs. "The Anti-Marriage League", Blackwood's Magazine, January Pavlov, I. P. Lectures on Conditz"oned Reflexes, Oxford University Press, Proust, Marcel. A la Recherche du Temps Perdu, translated by C. K. Scott-Moncrieff, Proust, Marcel. Letters (edited by Curtis), Chatto, Purdy, R. L. Thomas Hardy: A Biblz"ographt"cal Study, Oxford University Press, Reik, T. From Thirty Years wz"th Freud, International Universities Press, Schopenhauer, A. The World as WzU and Idea, 1844, translated by Haldane and Kemp, Trubner, Schopenhauer, A. Essays of Schopenhauer, translated by Dircks,

23 216 Thomas Hardy: Psychological Novelist Walter Scott, Skinner, B. F. Science and Human Behaviour, Macmillan, Stewan, J. I. M. "The Integrity of Hardy", Essays and Studies of the English Assodati'on, Stewan, J. I. M. Thomas Hardy: A Cn"tical Biography, Longmans, Storr, Anthony. Human Aggression, Penguin, Thorndike, E. L. The Psychology of Learning, Kegan Paul, Von Hanmann, E. The Philosophy of the Unconscious, Trubner, Watson, J. B. Behaviourism, Kegan Paul, Watson, William. Review of Tess of the d'urbervilles, The Academy, 6 February Weber, C.J. Hardy and the Lady from Madison Square, Colby College Press, West, D.J. Murder followed by Suicide, Heinemann, Woolf, Virginia. Collected Essays, Hogarth, 1966, Vol. 1.

24 Index Adler, A., 58-9, 74 Aggressiontrieb, 67-70, 200 Allen, Grant The Woman Who Did, 2 Alvarez, A. Beyond 4ll This Fiddle, 165, 184, Archer, William Real Conversations, 148, 189, 207, 211 Beech, H. R. Changing Mans Behaviour, 25-7 Bjork, Lennan A. The Literary Notes of Thomas Hardy, 7, 194 Blackmann, D. Operant Conditioning, 26, 195 Blackwoods Magazine, 8, , 194 Blathwayt, Raymond Hardy's Conversation with, 130, 205 Brooks, Jean, 1, 194 Comte, A. Social Dynamics, 7 Carpenter, R. C. "The Mirror and the Sword", 55, 199 Cecil, Lord David 8-9 Hardy the Novelist, 195 Darwin, Charles The Origin of Species, 58 Davidson, Donald "The Traditional Basis of Hardy's Fiction", 8, 9, Dostoevsky, F. 10, 72 Eliot, T. S. After Strange Gods, 28, 196 Ellis, Havelock Review of jude the Obscure, 8, 168, 170 Studies in the Psychology of Sex, 8, 209 L'Ermttage, 189 d'exideuil, Pierre The Human Pair in the Works of Thomas Hardy, 9, 195 Fawcett Society, 190 Forster, E. M., 3 A binger Harvest, 186 Aspects of the Novel, 87, 201 Howards End, 163, 208 Fourier, Charles The Passions of the Human Soul, 7 Freud, Sigmund, 3, 7, 9-10, 46-7, 49, 58-9, 74, 114, 125, 128, 148, 195, , 204-8, Autobiographical Study, 47, 49, 198 Civz1isation and its Discontents, 67, 69, 71, 113, 138, 151-2, 156, 160, 162-3, 186, 199, 204, 207-8, 211 "Civz"lised" Sexual Morality and the Neuroses, 122, 147, 150, 153, 160-3, Delusions and Dreams in Jensen s "Gradiva", 134-5, 206 The Ego and the Id, 132, 162-3, 208 General Theory of the Neuroses, 175-6, 180-1, 210 Group Psychology VIII, Being in Love and Hypnosis, 136, 206 On the History of the Psycho analytic Movement, 50, 198

25 Inhibitions, Symptoms and Anxiety, 49, 54, The Instincts and their Vicissitudes, 176, 210 On Narcissism, 136, 176, 210 On the History of the Psychoanalytic Movement, 50, 198 Repression, 47, 50 The Taboo of Virginity, 136, 143, Totem and Taboo, 124, 205 Gosse, Edmund Review of jude the Obscure, 8, 167-8, 209 Hardy's Letters to, 167-8, 170-1, 174, 188, 202, 207, Graphic, The, 25 Gregor, Ian The Great Web, 2, 94-5, 145, 188, 191, 202, 207, 211 Groddeck, 163 Guerard, A. J. A Study of Thomas Hardy, 9, 72, 195, 200 Haggard, Rider She, 33 Hardy E. and Pinion F. One Rare Fair Woman, 95-6, 105, 165, 194, 211 Hardy F. E. The Life of Thomas Hardy, 4, 9, 11, 21, 29-30, 32-3, 36, 40-5, 75, 78, 82-4, 94-6, 99, 147' 152, 159, 165, 167-8, 170-1, 174, 185, 188, Hardy, Thomas "Barbara of the House of Grebe", 22-9, 192 "Beyond the Last Lamp", 141 "Candour in English Fiction", 2, 4, 10, 20, 170, 185 "Changed Man, A", 19 Complete Poems, 78, 141, 201 Desperate Remedies, 13-17, 21, 46, 100 Preface to, 2, 13 "Distracted Preacher, The", 19 "Dorsetshite Labourer, The", 71 Far from the Madding Crowd, 20, 46-55, 100-l, 105, 112, 125, 133, 170, 180, 188 "Fiddler of the Reels, The", 21-2 Group of Noble Dames, A, 18, 22-8 "He Never Expected Much", 78 "Imaginative Woman, An", 18 "Interlopers at the Knap", 169 jude the Obscure, l, 2, 3, 4, 9-10, 13, 17, 19, 30, 32, 41, 45-6, 56, 75, 84, 94, , , , , 124, 126, 129, 133-4, , 190-1, 193 Preface to, 49, 142, 147, 153, 182, 192 Letters Letters to Edmund Gosse, 167-8, 170-1, 174, 185, 188 Letter to the Fawcett Society, 190 In One Rare Fair Woman, 95-6, 105, 165, 211 The Life of Thomas Hardy, 4, 9, 11, 21, 29-30, 32-3, 36, 40-5, 75, 78, 82-4, 94-6, 99, 147' 152, 159, 165, 167-8, 170-1, 174, 185, 188, Laodicean, A, Lzfe's hittle Ironies, 21 Mayor of Casterbridge, The, 9-10, 21' 57-84, 182, 188-9, 193 Preface to, 59 Notebooks, 4-7 Pair of Blue Eyes, A, 17, 42, 46, , 107, , 132-4, 138, 142-3, 147, 150, 165-6, 170 Preface to, 129 Poems of the Past and the Present Preface to, 7, 49, 142, 192, 194, 198 "Profitable Reading of Fiction, The", 4

26 Return of the Native, The, 3, 9-10, 20-1, 37, 63, 75, 83, 86-7, , 126, 134, 138, 148, 170, 182, 190, 193 "Science of Fiction, The", 1, 4 "Squire Petrick's Lady", 18 Tess of the D'Urberuilles, 3, 7, 20, 30, 32, 41, 45, 75, 84, , 107-9, , , 147, 150, 160, 165-6, 170, 177, 190, Under the Greenwood Tree, 21 Well-Beloved, The, 32-45, 123, Wessex Tales, 18, 169 Woodlanders, The, 4, 9-10, 28-30, 82-97, 101, 125-6, 182, 193 Harper's New Monthly Magazine, 4, 194 Von Hartmann, E., 7 The Philosophy of the Unconscious, 138 Heilman, R. "Hardy's Sue Bridehead", 184, 211 Henniker, Mrs, 55, 202, 209 Letter to, 1, 186 Our Fatal Shadows, 95 Hopkins, G. M., 56 Howe, Irving Thomas Hardy, 100, 139, 203, 206 Illustrated London News, 37 James, Henry, 8 The Turn of the Screw, 28 Jensen Freud's Delusion and Dreams in Joyce, James jensen's "Gradiva", Ulysses, 54 Jung, C. G., 32-3, 35-41, 124, 134, 196-7, Aion, 37, , 133 Archetypes of the Collective Unconscious, The Development of the Personality, 133 Integration of the Personality, Memories, Dreams and Delusion, 123 The Secret of the Golden Flower, 116 Two Essays in Analytical Psychology, 133 Kazin, Alfred Contemporaries, 193, 211 Kettle, Arnold, vi Introduction to Tess of the Laing, R. D. D'Urbervilles, 133 The Self and Others, 72, 91-3, 200, 202 The DtVided Self, 91-2, 202 Lawrence, D. H. 8, 10, 71, 77, 80, 86, 106, 126, 183-4, 186, 191-2, 201, 203, "A Propos of Lady Chatterley's Lover", 3, 146, 163 "The Fox", 115, 192 "Morality and the Novel", 185 "The Novel and the Feelings", 101, 184 The Rainbow, 54, 56, 115, 146, 164 Sons and Lovers, 54, "Study of Thomas Hardy", 102, 158, 160, 164-5, , 174 "Surgery for the Novel-or a Bomb", 187 The Virgin and the Gzpsy, 192 "Why the Novel Matters", 192 Women in Love, 86, 164, 184 Leavis, F. R. The Great Tradition, 8, 195 Lerner and Holmstrom Thomas Hardy and his Readers, 172-4, 209 Lorenz, K. 60 On Aggression, 68 Meredith, G. 55, 105 Mill, J. S., 178 Millgate, Michael Thomas Hardy, 17, 195

27 Morell, J. R. Translation of Fourier's Passions of the Human Soul, 7 Morgan, Charles The House of Macmillan, 15, 195 Morgan, C. Lloyd Introductt"on to Comparative Psychology, 25 Morley, John, 15 Morrell, Roy Thomas Hardy, the Will and the Way, 1, 9, Neill, A. S., 163 Hearts not Heads in School, 186 New Review, The, 150, 207 Notebooks, see Hardy, Thomas Oliphant, Mrs, 8, , 194, 208 Orel,H. Hardy's Personal Writmgs, 1, 2, 4, 10, 71' 170, 185 Pavlov, I. P., 25 Pinion, F. and Hardy E. One Rare Fair Woman, see Hardy, Letters Proust, M. A la Recherche du Temps Perdu, 41-5, 197 "La Prisonniere", 42 "Le Temps Retrouve'', 42, 44 "Le Cote de Guermantes", 42 "A L'Ombre des Jeunes Filles en Fleur", 43-4 Purdy, R. L. Thomas Hardy: A Bibliographical Study, 194 Skinner, B. F. Science and Human Behaviour, 25-6, 30-1, 195 Southern Review, The, 194 Spectator, The, 15, 195 Stewart, J. I. M. "The Integrity of Hardy", 9, 165, 195 Thomas Hardy: a Critical Biography, 9 Storr, Anthony, 60 Human Aggression, 68-71, 73, 200 Swinburne, A. C., 186 Thorndike, H. L. The Psychology of Leammg, 25-6 Wakefield, Bishop of, 8 Watson, J. B., 25 Watson, William Review of Tess of the D'Urbervilles, Weber, C. J. The Lady from Madison Square, 202 West, D. J. Murder followed by Suicide, Woolf, Virginia, 191, 211 Yorkshire Post, The, 8, 194 Reik, Theodore From Fifty Years with Freud, 195 Stjames's Gazette, 194 Savoy, The, 194 Schopenhauer, A., 7, 198, 206 The Metaphysics of Love, 137 The World as Wz1l and Idea, 50 Shelley, P. B., 33, 82, 186 Epipsychidion, 176