Sources & References 1. Harvard system

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1 Sources & References 1. Harvard system Today 2. Using the Internet in Research 3. Using Bibliographic software Dr. Sarah Gibson 4. Using Turnitin What is a reference? Why reference? Referencing What is a reference? An acknowledgement that you ve referred to other people s work in constructing your own argument When to reference? How to reference? Why Reference? shows that you re familiar with the research in your area of study gives authority to what you are writing strengthens your argument & supports your ideas provides details or background to what you are writing allows readers of your work to find your information sources for themselves Why Reference? correctly referenced work is important when your work is being marked failure to correctly credit sources of information constitutes plagiarism UKZN uses a detection system to scan work for evidence of plagiarism (Turnitin) plagiarism is a very serious offence of academic misconduct; you will be penalised 1

2 Plagiarism (noun) Johann Hari The action or practice of taking someone else's work, idea, etc., and passing it off as one's own; literary theft. UKZN: Plagiarism Policy & Procedures Plagiarism is viewed as a serious academic offence that is tantamount to academic fraud and theft and will be treated as such Plagiarism is defined in the act and not necessarily in the intention Plagiarism is ultimately the responsibility of the author(s) of the work, and they must ensure that they are adequately informed and act to avoid plagiarism UKZN: Definition of Plagiarism Presenting the ideas of another as if they are your own Representing the words or works of another as if they were your own Utilisation of the ideas, words or work of another without appropriate acknowledgement Actions involving utilisation of printed text, electronic text, images, computer programmes, sound, performance or creative works without appropriate acknowledgement 2

3 Penalties at UKZN Penalties can include: Written warnings Resubmission of work 0% awarded for the work Failed due to Plagiarism Inability to register at UKZN Withdrawal of degree Disciplinary Hearings When do I reference? As your inspiration As the source of a theory, argument or point of view For specific information For direct quotations To paraphrase or summarise an author s work (Steyn, 2013: 16) What to avoid When do I Reference? Verbatim quotation without clear acknowledgement Paraphrasing Collusion Derivative writing Cutting and pasting from the Internet Inaccurate citation Professional agencies Self-plagiarism Summarising Paraphrasing Quoting For short quotes of 1 or 2 sentences, use quotation marks For longer quotes, use indented text Using References Indirect references information is derived from a source Direct quotations information is derived directly from a source Cross references reference is made to other parts of the text (Struwig and Stead, 2013: 240). How reference? Harvard system of referencing Brief reference within the main body of your assignment/thesis Full details of references at the end of your assignment/thesis 3

4 General Guidelines for using the Harvard Method Language Consistency Structure Where to reference End of the document (Struwig and Stead, 2013: 240). 1. Harvard Method Author s name Year of publication Relevant page number(s) In Text Referencing Indirect References the discourse of stranger danger can be used to justify violence (Ahmed, 2000: 37) Direct Quotations Ahmed argues that the discourse of stranger danger becomes a mechanism for the justification of acts of violence against those who are already recognised as strangers (Ahmed, 2000: 37) Cross References If one imagines immigrants to be strangers (see Section 1.2) then The newspaper front page constructs the refugee as a stranger (see Figure 2.4) Reference List Reference list is ordered alphabetically by primary author s surname If multiple authors, use the sequence of author s surnames as given in the publication If same authors but different years, list chronologically If same authors and same years, use an alphabetical suffix References, from A - Z Ahmed, S. 2000a. Who Knows? Knowing Strangers and Strangerness. Australian Feminist Studies 15(31), Ahmed, S. 2000b. Strange Encounters: Embodied Others in Post-Coloniality. London: Routledge. Zizek, S The Plague of Fantasies. 2 nd edition. London: Verso. Zizek, S How did Marx invent the Symptom? In Mapping Ideology. Edited by Zizek, S. London: Verso. Author, date: page Harvard Method Steyn (2013) argues that Steyn refers to the Harvard method of referencing (2013: 16) Recent studies have shown referencing to be important (Steyn, 2013; Struwig and Stead, 2013) 4

5 2. Using the Internet Evaluate Internet resources Who? Where? What? When? Subject Gateways Software program available free to staff and students of UKZN ftp://softwarerep.ukzn.ac.za My EndNote Library Used to store and organize citation information Cite while u write Used with Microsoft and Apple to insert citations and create bibliographies in the style of your choice (e.g. Harvard) 3. Endnote 4. Turnitin Turnitin is an internet plagiarism detection system, designed to compare how much your writing matches texts from other sources. An Originality Report is produced for each submission, and an overall score (the similarity index) is assigned. Subject Librarian Claudette Kercival Kercival@ukzn.ac.za Phone: (internal ext 2063) References Steyn, J Assignment Writing. Pretoria: Van Schaik. Struwig, F.W. and Stead, G.B Research: Planning, Designing and Reporting. 2 nd edition. Cape Town: Pearson. 5