Six Lectures. on Modern Natural Philosophy. c. Truesdell. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH 1966

Transcription

1 Six Lectures on Modern Natural Philosophy c. Truesdell Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH 1966

2 ISBN DOI / ISBN (ebook) All rights, especially that of translation into foreign languages, reserved. It is also forbidden to reproduce this book, either whole or in part, by pholomechanical means (photostat, microfilm and/or microcard). by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Originally published by Springer- Verlag Berlin. Heidelberg in Softcover reprint of the hardcover ist edition Library of Congress Catalog Card Number Title No. 1321

3 Dedicated to my mother Helen Truesdell Heath in lifelong gratitude for her efforts to teach me di.rcipline. method, scholarship, taste, and sryle.

4 Foreword These lectures were first given during my tenure of a Walker Ames Visiting Professorship in the Department of Astronautics and Aeronautics at the University of Washington, November 2-12, I am grateful for the interest shown there and for the tranquil hospitality of Dr. JOHN BOLLARD and Dr. ELLIS DILL, which allowed me the leisure sufficient to write the first manuscript. I thank Dean ROBERT Roy and Dr. GEORGE BENTON for the unusual honor of an invitation to deliver a series of public lectures at my own university. Apart from the footnotes on pp. 49, 50, and 85, which have been added so as to answer questions allowed by the slower pace of silence, and the obviously necessary note on p. 106, the lectures of this second series are here printed as read, February 9-25, Thus I may call these, in imitation of a famous example, " Bal timore Lectures".

5 Acknowledgment The first lecture is based largely upon my Bingham Medal Address of 1963, part of which it reproduces verbatim. The filth lecture may be regarded as a partial summary of my course on ergodic theory at the International School of Physics, Varenna, Much of the last lecture runs parallel to my article "The Modern Spirit in Applied Mathematics", ICSU Review of World Science, Volume 6, pp (1964), and some paragraphs are taken from my address to the Fourth U.S. National Congress of Applied Mechanics (1961). For permission to reprint the passages in question I am grateful to the editors of the volumes, to Interscience Publishers, to the Elsevier Publishing Company, and to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. To the U.S. National Science Foundation is owed double gratitude: first, for partial support of much of the research by the various savants who created the new science these lectures resume, and, second, for partial support of the writing of the lectures themselves. For their kind criticism of the manuscript I am grateful to Messrs. COLEMAN, ERICKSEN, NOLL, and TOUPIN.

6 Contents I. Rational mechanics of materials II. Polar and oriented media III. Thermodynamics of visco-elasticity. 35 IV. Electrified materials V. The ergodic problem in classical statistical mechanics 65 VI. Method and taste in natural philosophy Appendix: Text of the Chairman's Introduction to the Colloquium on the Foundations of Mechanics and Thermodynamics held at the U. S. National Bureau of Standards, Washington, October 21-23, Page

7 Six Lectures on Modern Natural Philosophy c. Truesdell Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH 1966

8 ISBN DOl / ISBN (ebook) All rights, especially that of translation into foreign languages, reserved. It is also forbidden to reproduce this book, either whole or in part, by photomechanical means (photostat, microfilm and/or microcard). by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Originally published by Springer Verlag Berlin. Heidelberg in Softcovcr reprint of the hardcover 1st edition Library of Congress Catalog Card Number Title No. 1321

9 l)edicated to ~ ~ o t h e r Helen Truesdell Heath in lifelong gratitude for her efforts to teach ~ e t hscholarship, o d, taste, and style. ~ discipline. e

10 Foreword These lectures were first given during my tenure of a Walker Ames Visiting Professorship in the Department of Astronautics and Aeronautics at the University of Washington, November 2-12, I am grateful for the interest shown there and for the tranquil hospitality of Dr. JOHN BOLLARD and Dr. ELLIS DILL, which allowed me the leisure sufficient to write the first manuscript. I thank Dean ROBERT Roy and Dr. GEORGE BENTON for the unusual honor of an invitation to deliver a series of public lectures at my own university. Apart from the footnotes on pp. 49, 50, and 85, which have been added so as to answer questions allowed by the slower pace of silence, and the obviously necessary note on p. 106, the lectures of this second series are here printed as read, February 9-25, Thus I may call these, in imitation of a famous example, "Baltimore Lectures".

11 Acknowledgment The first lecture is based largely upon my Bingham Medal Address of 1963, part of which it reproduces verbatim. The fifth lecture may be regarded as a partial summary of my course on ergodic theory at the International School of Physics, Varenna, Much of the last lecture runs parallel to my article "The Modern Spirit in Applied Mathematics", ICSU Review of World Science, Volume 6, pp (1964), and some paragraphs are taken from my address to the Fourth U.S. National Congress of Applied Mechanics (1961). For permission to reprint the passages in question I am grateful to the editors of the volumes, to Interscience Publishers, to the Elsevier Publishing Company, and to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. To the U.S. National Science Foundation is owed double gratitude: first, for partial support of much of the research by the various savants who created the new science these lectures resume, and, second, for partial support of the writing of the lectures themselves. For their kind criticism of the manuscript I am grateful to Messrs. COLEMAN, ERICKSEN, NOLL, and TOUPIN.

12 Contents I. Rational mechanics of materials II. Polar and oriented media III. Thermodynamics of visco-elasticity. 35 IV. Electrified materials V. The ergodic problem in classical statistical mechanics 65 VI. Method and taste in natural philosophy Appendix: Text of the Chairman's Introduction to the Colloquium on the Foundations of Mechanics and Thermodynamics held at the U. S. National Bureau of Standards, Washington, October 21-23, Page