Given below are few examples from seminal works of metafiction:
|
|
- Christian Fleming
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 6 Metatheatre and Metafiction Metafiction A so called realistic novel that gives the impression of being unconscious about the process of telling a narrative. It pleads innocence about its artifice and attempts to assert its status as presenting a verisimilitude of life. Metafiction, on the other hand, reveals the make believe nature of creative arts. In its self-consciousness, it shows that literature is not a mirror of life. The significance of metafiction lies in the fact that as its corpus grows, literature is becoming increasingly aware of itself. The concept, of course, is not so novel. In fact Cervantes Don Quixote (1615) is one of the earliest known works of mtetafiction. Metafiction is aware of other fiction as well, thus, in Sterne s Tristram Shandy (1759), the narrator sets out to document his whole life but confesses that it is an impossible task. Thomas Pynchon s The Crying of Lot 49 (1966), offers a Borgesian history of the modern world, and combines highbrow with pop cultural sensibilities. Michael Cunningham s The Hours (1998)is a homage to Virginia Woolf s Mrs Dalloway (1925) and A. S. Byatt s Possession (1990 ) is a tribute to the poets of the Romantic Age; while John Fowles The French Lieutenant s Woman (1981) evokes the Victorian period following a novel within novel device. Donald Bartheleme and Angela Carter s postmodern narratives are metafictional in nature, as is the popular Shrek series. None of these works could work without other literature they constantly refer/allude to. Metalepsis Metalepsis is that threshold where there is a cross-over, for example, when the author steps into the fictional world of the novel; or when a character escapes from the novel into the real world. For a more detailed explanation of metalepsis, see Gerard Genette s Narrative Discourse (1980). Given below are few examples from seminal works of metafiction: John Barth s The Sot-Weed Factor John Barth (1930- ) is one of the most prominent writers of metafiction. He is also a major name of American literary postmodernism. In his Lost in the Funhouse (1968) Barth describes the experience of reading his work. The Sot-Weed Factor (1960) anticipates postmodern attempts to capture the complexity and totality of modern life in sprawling,
2 encyclopedic novels. In the novel, Barth explores the storytelling process and highlights the interaction between author and his readers. Barth s penchant is to explore fiction-writing as is clearly evident from his 1967 essay, The Literature of Exhaustion where he suggests writing fiction about fiction and fiction-writing. His metafiction Chimera won him the National Book Award in John Fowles and The French Lieutenant s Woman In The French Lieutenant s Woman (1969), Fowles locates the setting in the mid-victorian period, which contains 20 th century sensibilities and perspectives. His heroine, Sarah Woodruff seems to display several of the characteristics of a modern liberated woman. Fowles famously gives his readers three alternative endings : These characters I create never existed outside my own mind. At one place, Fowles even makes an appearance as an anonymous bearded character to give us the final ending. Metalanguage It means beyond language, which is used to describe, explain or interpret something implicit in a language. This means that language implicitly relies on a metalanguage by which it is explained. Roman Jakobson discusses this at length in Linguistics and Poetics (1960), where he talks about various orders of language. Assignment Read the following passage from Milan Kundera s Immortality. Discuss the metafictional elements contained here: "At last Avenarius broke the silence: 'What are you writing about these days, anyway?' 'That's impossible to recount.'
3 'What a pity.' 'Not at all. An advantage. The present era grabs everything that was ever written in order to transform it into films, TV programs, or cartoons. What is essential in a novel is precisely what can only be expressed in a novel, and so every adaptation contains nothing bit the nonessential. If a person is still crazy enough to write novels nowadays and wants to protect them, he has to write them in such a way that they cannot be adapted, in other words, in such a way that they cannot be retold.' He disagreed: 'I can retell the story of The Three Musketeers by Alexander Dumas with the greatest pleasure, anytime you ask me, from beginning to end!' 'I feel the same way, and I love Alexander Dumas,' I said. 'All the same, I regret that almost all novels ever written are much too obedient to the rules of unity of action. What I mean to say is that at their core is one single chain of causally related acts and events. These novels are like a narrow street along which someone drives his characters with a whip. Dramatic tension is the real curse of the novel, because it transforms everything, even the most beautiful pages, even the most surprising scenes and observations merely into steps leading to the final resolution, in which the meaning of everything that preceded is concentrated. The novel is consumed in the fire of its own tension like a bale of straw.' 'When I hear you,' Professor Avenarius said uneasily, 'I just hope that your novel won't turn out to be a bore.' 'Do you think that everything that is not a mad chase after a final resolution is a bore? As you eat this wonderful duck, are you bored? Are you rushing toward a goal? On the contrary, you want the duck to enter into you as slowly as possible and you never want its taste to end. A novel shouldn't be like a bicycle race but a feat of many courses. I am really looking forward to Part Six. A completely new character will enter the novel. And at the end of that part he will disappear without a trace. He causes nothing and leaves no effects. That is precisely what I like about him. Part Six will be a novel within a novel, as well as the saddest erotic story I have ever written. It will make you sad, too.' Avenarius lapsed into a perplexed silence. After a while, he asked me in a kindly voice, 'And what will your novel be called?' 'The Unbearable Lightness of Being.'
4 'I think somebody has already written that.' 'I did! But I was wrong about the title then. That title was supposed to belong to the novel I'm writing now'" (pp ). What is Metatheatre? First of all, let me give you the etymology of the word. The word meta- marked by change or transformation; later in time or development; behind, beyond; transcending, more comprehensive; above, upon, or about. Fr. Greek meta-, beside, after. In 1963, Lionel Abel s Metatheatre: A New View of Dramatic Form, was published where Abel introduced the term Metatheatre. According to him, metatheatre is the right term to describe the only form possible to the contemporary playwright who wishes to treat a subject gravely. He held that tragedy, invented by Greeks to describe pain and yet give pleasure, is unfeasible today. In the late Renaissance, a revolution occurred in human consciousness which made tragedy impossible. But playwrights such as Calderon and Shakespeare wrote serious plays which were self-reflexive: the illusion that sustains the play worlds also sustains the world outside the plays - the so-called real world. Metatheatre is essentially used to create multiple layers of illusion. The prefix, meta-, here, suggests beyond, above, or within. Lionel Abel attempts to explain metatheatre as a dramatic category or kind. In the context, he mentions such plays as Shakespeare s Tempest and Calderon s Life is a Dream and works by Genet, Brecht, and Beckett. Metatheatre, at one level, can be viewed as one make-believe world superimposed upon another make-believe dramatic world. The most easily understandable example of this relationship is the play-within-the-play. Of course, this idea did not come into being in the age of Calderon and Shakespeare. The idea of multiple layers of illusion is as old as theatre itself. But it is only since Abel s book was published in 1963 that a whole area of criticism and theory has sprung up in the West under the general heading of metatheatre or metadrama. Richard Hornby, in Drama, Metadrama, and Perception (1986), has given concise analysis of different types of metatheatre / metadrama : a clear and
5 1. The play within the play: i) The Inset type - the inner play is secondary. ii) The Framed type the inner play is primary. 2. The ceremony within the play: In all cultures we find plays that contain feasts, balls, pageants, tournaments, games, rituals, trials, inquests, processions, funerals, coronations, etc. 3. Role playing within the role: i) Voluntary, ii) Involuntary, iii) Allegorical 4. Literary and real-life references: i) Citation, ii) Allegory, iii) Parody, and iv) Adaptation 5. Self-reference: The play directly calls attention to itself as a play, an a work of creative writing. (Source: Metatheatre and Sanskrit Drama. Michael Lockwood and Vishnu Bhatt, 2005). Assignment Go to the website: Look at a painting by the American artist Roy Lichtenstein entitled Masterpiece. Why do you think it is called meta-art? Metatheatre and Play within play structure In Luigi Pirandello s play Six Characters in Search of an Author, the dramatist explores on the nature of theatrical process. The Characters have already found the author who created
6 them, and now wait for their realisation through performance. Throughout the play, the Characters protest that the performers are not real enough. By the end the actors can no longer distinguish between acting and reality. The Producer cancels the rehearsal, the actors leave, but the theatre is still haunted by the Characters. Read the following excerpt from Shakespeare s Hamlet. Notice how the dramatist uses the play within play device to blur the boundary between play and real life: Hamlet. [aside] Wormwood, wormwood! Queen. The instances that second marriage move Are base respects of thrift, but none of love. A second time I kill my husband dead When second husband kisses me in bed. Player King. I do believe you think what now you speak; But what we do determine oft we break. Most necessary 'tis that we forget To pay ourselves what to ourselves is debt. What to ourselves in passion we propose, The passion ending, doth the purpose lose. The violence of either grief or joy Their own enactures with themselves destroy.
7 Where joy most revels, grief doth most lament; Grief joys, joy grieves, on slender accident. This world is not for aye, nor 'tis not strange That even our loves should with our fortunes change; For 'tis a question left us yet to prove, Whether love lead fortune, or else fortune love. So think thou wilt no second husband wed; But die thy thoughts when thy first lord is dead. Player Queen. Nor earth to me give food, nor heaven light, Sport and repose lock from me day and night, To desperation turn my trust and hope, An anchor's cheer in prison be my scope, Each opposite that blanks the face of joy Meet what I would have well, and it destroy, Both here and hence pursue me lasting strife, If, once a widow, ever I be wife! Hamlet. If she should break it now!
8 Tom Stoppard s Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead In Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead (1967), Stoppard takes two of the minor characters from Shakespeare's Hamlet and makes them into the unwitting stars of the show. The play is self-consciously theatrical and much of the humor is derived from the fact that the audience is aware of the famous dramatic context in which the two characters are operating. Critics have found a relationship between the dramatic predicament of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern and that of Vladimir and Estragon in Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot. Stoppard undoubtedly plays with dramatic styles in Rosencrantz and Guildenstern; this is seen most obviously in his combining techniques from both Renaissance and Absurdist theater. However, his dramatic manipulation of Shakespeare's material is highly original. Hamlet, widely regarded as one of Shakespeare's greatest tragedies, becomes an absurdist farce. QUIZ 1. Match the writers with their works: a Luigi Pirandello i Linguistics and Poetics b Roman Jakobson ii Metatheatre: A New View of Dramatic Form c Lionel Abel iii Narrative Discourse d Genette iv Six Characters in Search of an Author 2. Say whether the following are true or false: i. Milan Kundera s Immortality contains passages that conform to metadrama. ii. iii. A realistic novel claims to be unselfconscious about its process of writing. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern is the first ever attempt at metatheatre.
9 Suggested readings Campbell, James. An Interview with John Fowles, Contemporary Literature, 17, 4, Autumn (1976), Currie, Mark. Metafiction. Longman: NY, Hasan, Ihab. The Dismemberment of Orpheus: Toward a Post-Modern Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Kundera, Milan. Immortality. Peter Kussi (trans.). Calcutta: Rupa & Co., Pynchon, Thomas. The Crying of Lot 49. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Suggested links Answer key 1. a-iv; b-i; c-ii; d-iii 2. i-true; ii-true ;iii-false
The To Be or Not to Be Speech HAMLET: To be, or not to be: that is the question:
The To Be or Not to Be Speech HAMLET: To be, or not to be: that is the question: Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of
More informationThe Tragedy of Hamlet. William Shakespeare. Act 4, Scene 3
The Tragedy of Hamlet By William Shakespeare Act 4, Scene 3 SCENE. Another room in the castle. (Enter, attended) I have sent to seek him, and to find the body. How dangerous is it that this man goes loose!
More informationInterviews with the Authors
Interviews with the Authors Ryan McKittrick of the A.R.T. talks with Stephen Greenblatt and Charles Mee about the play. Ryan McKittrick: How did this collaboration begin? SG: It began on the shores of
More informationLiterary Postmodernism
Literary Postmodernism In a universe where no more explanations are possible, all that remains is to play with the pieces. Playing with the pieces, that is postmodernism (Jean Baudrillard, The Evil Demon
More informationChapter 1 Introduction. The theater of the absurd, rising during the 1940 s and the early 50 s, is one of the
Chapter 1 Introduction The theater of the absurd, rising during the 1940 s and the early 50 s, is one of the most important movements in the history of dramatic literature for its non-conventional form
More informationSHAKESPEARE AND THE MODERN DRAMATIST
SHAKESPEARE AND THE MODERN DRAMATIST Shakespeare and the Modern Dratnatist Michael Scott Professor and Head of the School of Arts De Montfort University, Leicester pal grave macmillan Michael Scott 1989
More informationCHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study Studying English as a foreign language is in accordance with the meaning, found in the Koran (Ar-Rum: 22) as follows: Based on the verse above, God has
More informationAll the World Still a Stage for Shakespeare's Timeless Imagination
All the World Still a Stage for Shakespeare's Timeless Imagination First of two programs about the British playwright and poet, who is considered by many to be the greatest writer in the history of the
More informationMA SEMESTER I: July-November Note: Mid-term tests in Sept-end/early-October; Autumn break in October
MA ENGLISH PLANNER 2013 TILL DATE MA SEMESTER I: July-November Note: Mid-term tests in Sept-end/early-October; Autumn break in October PAPER I: LITERARY CRITICISM (NEHA; SUMATI) Introduction to Literary
More informationEnglish 9 Romeo and Juliet Act IV -V Quiz. Part 1 Multiple Choice (2 pts. each)
English 9 Romeo and Juliet Act IV -V Quiz Part 1 Multiple Choice (2 pts. each) 1.Friar Laurence gives Juliet a potion that he says will A) make her forget Romeo and fall in love with Paris B) stop her
More informationRomeo and Juliet Week 1 William Shakespeare
Name: Romeo and Juliet Week 1 William Shakespeare Day One- Five- Introduction to William Shakespeare Activity 2: Shakespeare in the Classroom (Day 4/5) Watch the video from the actors in Shakespeare in
More informationAmerican Literature 1960 to the Present
American Literature 1960 to the Present Contexts Historical and Literary Modernity Modernism Industrialization Urbanization Modernity Historical Era from the Industrial Revolution to the mid-1900s Exponential
More informationTyr s Day, November 10: Bounded In a Nutshell EQ: Does Hamlet accept cogito, ergo sum as true?
Tyr s Day, November 10: Bounded In a Nutshell EQ: Does Hamlet accept cogito, ergo sum as true? Welcome! Gather Green Book (p. 524, line 210), pen/cil, paper, wits! Review: cogito ergo sum Reading: Hamlet
More informationEnglish - Optional of Part B - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam
English - Optional of Part B - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam English - Optional of Part B - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam The syllabus consists of two papers, designed to test a first-hand
More informationRomeo & Juliet: Check Your Understanding
Act I, scene iii 1. Why do you think the Nurse is so close to Juliet? (Hint: Who has she lost?) 2. How old will Juliet be by Lammastide? 3. Why does Shakespeare have the Nurse tell a lengthy story about
More informationWho Was Shakespeare?
Who Was Shakespeare? Bard of Avon = poet of Avon 37 plays are attributed to him, but there is great controversy over the authorship. 154 Sonnets. Some claim many authors wrote under one name. In Elizabethan
More informationCHAPTER - IX CONCLUSION. Shakespeare's plays cannot be categorically classified. into tragedies and comediesin- strictly formal terms.
CHAPTER - IX CONCLUSION Shakespeare's plays cannot be categorically classified into tragedies and comediesin- strictly formal terms. The comedies are not totally devoid of tragic elements while the tragedies
More informationQuick Theatre History. Creative Writing 12 April 19, 2016
Quick Theatre History Creative Writing 12 April 19, 2016 The Greeks! Theatre was a significant aspect of Greek (Athenian specifically) cultural identity. There were four theatre festivals a year in the
More informationcrazy escape film scripts realised seems strange turns into wake up
Stories Elephants, bananas and Aunty Ethel I looked at my watch and saw that it was going backwards. 'That's OK,' I was thinking. 'If my watch is going backwards, then it means that it's early, so I'm
More informationFrigga s Day, 12/5: Look at the skull LOOK AT IT!
Frigga s Day, 12/5: Look at the skull LOOK AT IT! EQ: Whattup with the skull? Welcome! Gather pen/cil, paper, wits! Viewing/Discussion: Hamlet V i Yorick Reading Journal Resource: http://shakespeare.mit.edu/hamlet/
More informationEXPERTS ARE PUZZLED. by LAURA RIDING
EXPERTS ARE PUZZLED by LAURA RIDING WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY MARK JACOBS AND GEORGE FRAGOPOULOS Lost Literature Series No. 19 Ugly Duckling Presse, Brooklyn, NY INTRODUCTION First published in 1930 by Cape
More informationDr. Christine Hoffmann Office Hours MW 1:30-3:30, Colson 329
English 131: Poetry and Drama Dr. Christine Hoffmann cehoffmann@wvu.edu Office Hours MW 1:30-3:30, Colson 329 Poetry makes nothing happen... W. H. Auden, from In Memory of W.B. Yeats It is true that when
More informationThe Theater of the Absurd
The Theater of the Absurd The Theatre of the Absurd is a theatrical style originating in France in the late 1940s. It relies heavily on Existentialist philosophy, and is a category for plays of absurdist
More informationTEACHER S PET PUBLICATIONS. PUZZLE PACK for Hamlet based on the play by William Shakespeare
TEACHER S PET PUBLICATIONS PUZZLE PACK for based on the play by William Shakespeare Puzzle Pack Written By William T. Collins 2005 Teacher s Pet Publications, Inc. All Rights Reserved The materials in
More informationThe Original Staging of Otello
1 IN THEIR OWN WORDS The Original Staging of Otello Giuseppe Verdi took a keen interest in the staging of his operas, and his ideas on this dimension of these works are recorded in a series of staging
More informationEng 104: Introduction to Literature Fiction
Humanities Department Telephone (541) 383-7520 Eng 104: Introduction to Literature Fiction 1. Build Knowledge of a Major Literary Genre a. Situate works of fiction within their contexts (e.g. literary
More information3. What s Special about Shakespeare?
3. What s Special about Shakespeare? By Professor Luther Link I. Pre-listening 1. Discussion: What do you already know about Shakespeare? Discuss with your partner and write down three items. Be prepared
More informationAIM: To examine and critique the production elements and directorial vision.
DEAD ONSTAGE AIM: To examine and critique the production elements and directorial vision. The Director s Vision Director, Simon Phillips Research the work of director, Simon Phillips. http://www.hlamgt.com.au/client/simon-phillips/
More informationWilliam Shakespeare. Widely regarded as the greatest writer in English Literature
William Shakespeare Widely regarded as the greatest writer in English Literature Shakespeare 1563-1616 Stratford-on-Avon, England wrote 37 plays about 154 sonnets started out as an actor Stage Celebrity
More informationRomeo & Juliet Act Questions. 2. What is Paris argument? Quote the line that supports your answer.
Romeo & Juliet Act Questions Act One Scene 2 1. What is Capulet trying to tell Paris? My child is yet a stranger in the world, She hath not seen the change of fourteen years. Let two more summers wither
More informationFriends, Romans, countrymen, lend me. Introduction to Shakespeare and Julius Caesar
Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears Introduction to Shakespeare and Julius Caesar Who was he? William Shakespeare (baptized April 26, 1564 died April 23, 1616) was an English poet and playwright
More informationAct III The Downfall
Act III The Downfall Scene I A plague o'both your houses [pg. 123] O, I am fortune's fool! [pg. 125] This scene is a reminder to the audience that Romeo and Juliet's lives/love affair is occurring in a
More informationMORE TALES FROM SHAKESPEARE Retold by Alfred Lee Published by Priess Murphy Website:
MORE TALES FROM SHAKESPEARE Retold by Alfred Lee Published by Priess Murphy E-mail: info@preissmurphy.com Website: www.preissmurphy.com Copyright 2012 Priess Murphy Exclusively distributed by Alex Book
More informationCHAPTER I INTRODUCTION. Studying literature is interesting and gives some pleasure. in mind, but fewer readers are able to appreciate it.
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of The Study Studying literature is interesting and gives some pleasure in mind, but fewer readers are able to appreciate it. They have no impression to the works
More informationLahore University of Management Sciences. ENGL 2131 Modern Drama Spring 2017
Lahore University of Management Sciences ENGL 2131 Modern Drama Spring 2017 Instructor Rabia Nafees Shah Room No. 125 HSS Wing- English (Ground Floor) Office Hours Email rabia.nafees@lums.edu.pk Telephone
More informationCritical Comment on Hamlet. Abstract
Critical Comment on Hamlet By P.S.R.CH.L.V.PRASAD Assistant Professor of English (in association with) BVC College of Engineering, Rajahmundry (AP) India Abstract Claims about Shakespeare's influence on
More informationExaminers report 2014
Examiners report 2014 EN1022 Introduction to Creative Writing Advice to candidates on how Examiners calculate marks It is important that candidates recognise that in all papers, three questions should
More informationyou from Act 2? Describe the moment
Monday, February 5 Bell ringer What was the most interesting thing to you from Act 2? Describe the moment and why it interested you. Remember to use at least 2-3 well developed sentences (should be at
More informationHamletmachine: The Objective Real and the Subjective Fantasy. Heiner Mueller s play Hamletmachine focuses on Shakespeare s Hamlet,
Tom Wendt Copywrite 2011 Hamletmachine: The Objective Real and the Subjective Fantasy Heiner Mueller s play Hamletmachine focuses on Shakespeare s Hamlet, especially on Hamlet s relationship to the women
More informationApproaches to Postmodernism Fall credits Department of English MA program in literature Teacher: Frida Beckman
Approaches to Postmodernism Fall 2016 7.5 credits Department of English MA program in literature Teacher: Frida Beckman Dates Seminars Readings Other remarks Sept 1, 14.00 Sept 8, 15.00 Introduction What
More informationINSIDE. Summary. A behind-the-curtain look at the artists, the company and the art form of this production. NewVictory.
This section is part of a full New Victory School Tool Resource Guide. For the complete guide, including information about the New Victory Education Department, check out: INSIDE A behind-the-curtain look
More informationAnswer the questions after each scene to ensure comprehension.
Act 1 Answer the questions after each scene to ensure comprehension. 1) When the act first opens, explain why Bernardo is on edge? 2) What are the rumors concerning young Fortinbras? 3) What do the guards
More information- Act 2, Scene 1. Romeo was feeling depressed because he had to leave Juliet at the end of Act 1.
- Act 2, Scene 1 1. State whether the following statements are true or false. Romeo was feeling depressed because he had to leave Juliet at the end of Act 1. Romeo wanted to be left alone so he hid in
More informationA Conversation with Michele Osherow, Resident Dramaturg at the Folger Theatre. By Julia Chinnock Howze
1 A Conversation with Michele Osherow, Resident Dramaturg at the Folger Theatre By Julia Chinnock Howze If one thing is clear about Michele Osherow, resident dramaturg at the Folger Theatre at the Folger
More informationPerforming Gender in the Theatre
Performing Gender in the Theatre An Analysis of Gender Performance in an Original Play Noemi Akopian Presented to the Department of English and Communications in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
More informationWilliam Shakespeare "The Bard"
William Shakespeare "The Bard" Biography "To be, or not to be? That is the question." Born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon Parents came from money Married Anne Hathaway (26) when he was 18 yrs. old Had
More informationTHEATRE, COMMUNICATION & DEVELOPMENT. Susweta Bose
Students Research-5 Global Media Journal-Indian Edition/ISSN 2249-5835 Sponsored by the University of Calcutta/www.caluniv.ac.in Winter Issue/December 2013/Vol.4/No.2 THEATRE, COMMUNICATION & DEVELOPMENT
More informationMacbeth is a play about MURDER, KINGS, ARMIES, PLOTTING, LIES, WITCHES and AMBITION Write down in the correct order, the story in ten steps
Macbeth is a play about MURDER, KINGS, ARMIES, PLOTTING, LIES, WITCHES and AMBITION Write down in the correct order, the story in ten steps 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. In the space below write down
More informationHumanities 4: Lecture 19. Friedrich Schiller: On the Aesthetic Education of Man
Humanities 4: Lecture 19 Friedrich Schiller: On the Aesthetic Education of Man Biography of Schiller 1759-1805 Studied medicine Author, historian, dramatist, & poet The Robbers (1781) Ode to Joy (1785)
More informationChapter VI: Conclusion.
124 Chapter VI: Conclusion. The present study explores the creative construct of the Stoppardian play and examines how far the dramatist has succeeded in turning his construct into a meaningful experience
More information3. Why does Tybalt become so upset, and how does Capulet respond to his rage?
Romeo and Juliet Study Guide ACT ONE -SCENE ONE 1. Between what two families does the feud exist? 2. What decree does the Prince make after the street brawl? 3. What advice does Benvolio give Romeo about
More informationShakespeare and European Modernity
Shakespeare and European Modernity Professor Lina Steiner Emails: lina.r.steiner@gmail.com lsteiner@uchicago.edu Course Description: What do we mean when we describe our age as (post)modern? When did modernity
More informationBetrayal. Pinter Resource Pack.
Betrayal. Pinter Resource Pack. Betrayal Resource Pack. The activities in this pack are intended for use in English or Drama lessons. There is a range of complexity in the activities, which should allow
More informationIris by the Goo Goo Dolls
Iris by the Goo Goo Dolls And I'd give up forever to touch you, Cause I know that you feel me somehow. You're the closest to heaven that I'll ever be, And I don't want to go home right now. And all I can
More information2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE. word some special aspect of our human experience. It is usually set down
2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Definition of Literature Moody (1968:2) says literature springs from our inborn love of telling story, of arranging words in pleasing patterns, of expressing in word
More informationPOSTMODERN AMERICAN DRAMA: AN INTRODUCTION
POSTMODERN AMERICAN DRAMA: AN INTRODUCTION THEATRE To start with, I would like to talk about theatre as an art, a cultural practice and a genre. What do you think about the theatre? Do you like it? Do
More informationEssential Question(s):
Course Title: Advanced Placement Unit 2, October Unit 1, September How do characters within the play develop and evolve? How does the author use elements of a play to create effect within the play? How
More informationAll your life you live so close to truth, it becomes a permanent blur in the corner of your eye. -- Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead
English 273 Katy Ryan, ENGL 273, Fall 2000, Contemporary Literature ENG 172: Contemporary Literature: Public Records and Private Stories Katy Ryan Stansbury Hall 354 Office Hours: Mon and Wed 10:00-11:00
More informationRomeo. Juliet. and. William Shakespeare. Materials for: Language and Literature Valley Southwoods High School
Romeo and Juliet William Shakespeare Materials for: Language and Literature Valley Southwoods High School All the world's a stage, And all the men and women merely players... (from Shakespeare s As You
More informationHamlet vs. Quinnopolis vs. Hamlet
Hamlet vs. Quinnopolis vs. Hamlet Peter Kanelos, University of San Diego Abstract Quinnopolis vs. Hamlet is ultimately an emanation of Hamlet. Most meta-characters, at least in the Western tradition, absorbed
More informationDuffy Higher Scottish Texts
Duffy Higher Scottish Texts Born 1555/56 Died 6 August 1623 Married William Shakespeare in November 1582. She was already pregnant with their first child. She was 7 years older than Shakespeare who was
More informationAn Introduction to: William Shakespeare
An Introduction to: William Shakespeare 1564-1616 What do we know about his upbringing? He was born on April 23, 1564 in the What do we know about town of Stratford-upon-Avon, England. his upbringing?
More informationA WINTER S TALE TEACHER RESOURCE PACK WRITTEN BY SUSANNA STEELE. unicorntheatre.com KEY STAGE 2
KEY STAGE 2 BY IGNACE CORNELISSEN INSPIRED BY THE WINTER S TALE BY WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE DIRECTED BY PURNI MORELL WRITTEN BY SUSANNA STEELE DEVELOPED BY CATHERINE GREENWOOD & ELLA MACFADYEN unicorntheatre.com
More informationCourse Outcome B.A English Language and Literature
Course Outcome B.A English Language and Literature Semester 1 Core Course 1 - Reading Poetry EN 1141 No of Credits:4 No of instructional hours per week : 6 to identify various forms and types of poetry.
More informationHow can you tell when someone is being nosy versus when someone is showing concern? Hamlet. Claudius. Gertrude. Ghost. Horatio. Polonius.
Name: Hamlet questions Before we watch the video: Based on what you have read so far, how would you cast this play? What do you picture when you direct the play in your mind? For each character, tell the
More informationExam: Romeo & Juliet
Exam: Romeo & Juliet Student Name: Date: Period: Please read all directions carefully. This test is worth 50 points. Character identification (1 point each, 10 points possible): Write the name of the applicable
More informationDirector's Notes. Violence and the Social Context
Director's Notes During the first week of rehearsals for Romeo and Juliet, director Gadi Roll shared his thoughts on the play with the cast. The following are excerpts of notes taken during those rehearsals.
More informationWaiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett. Presented by Akram Najjar
Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett Presented by Akram Najjar Samuel Becket (1906 1989) Born in Ireland (Now North Ireland) When 22 won a post to teach in the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris After 2
More informationBishop McGuinness Catholic High School
Bishop McGuinness Catholic High School Summer Reading Advanced Placement English Literature and Composition 2018-2019 Congratulations on your decision to take Advanced Placement English Literature and
More informationAn Introduction to: William Shakespeare
An Introduction to: William Shakespeare 1564-1616 William Shakespeare What do we know about his upbringing? William Shakespeare He was born on April 23, 1564 in the What do we know about town of Stratford-upon-Avon,
More informationA230A- Revision. Books 1&2 االتحاد الطالبي
A230A- Revision Books 1&2 االتحاد الطالبي Final Exam Structure You will answer three essay questions: one of them could be a close reading. One obligatory question on Shelley And then three questions to
More informationCharacters Feature Menu
Characters Feature Menu What Characters Tell Us Direct Characterization Indirect Characterization Dramatic Monologue and Soliloquy Flat, Round, and Stock Characters Practice What Characters Tell Us What
More informationDRAMA LESSONS BASED ON CLIL Created by Lykogiannaki Styliani
DRAMA LESSONS BASED ON CLIL Created by Lykogiannaki Styliani Content Subjects involved: 1. Introductory lesson to Ancient Greek. 2. Literature with focus on Drama. 3. Art painting. English Level: at least
More informationHistory of Tragedy. English 3 Tragedy3 Unit
History of Tragedy English 3 Tragedy3 Unit 1 Aristotle 384 BCE 322 BCE BCE = Before the Common Era International classification system based on time, not religion. CE = Common Era (AD = Anno Domini = in
More information8 Reportage Reportage is one of the oldest techniques used in drama. In the millenia of the history of drama, epochs can be found where the use of thi
Reportage is one of the oldest techniques used in drama. In the millenia of the history of drama, epochs can be found where the use of this technique gained a certain prominence and the application of
More informationThe Tragedy of Hamlet. William Shakespeare. Act 3, Scene 3
The Tragedy of Hamlet By William Shakespeare Act 3, Scene 3 SCENE. A room in the castle. (Enter, ROSENCRANTZ, and GUILDENSTERN) I like him not, nor stands it safe with us To let his madness range. Therefore
More informationMusic. Lord, there are times when I need to be an island set in an infinite sea, cut off from all that comes to me but surrounded still by thee...
Music When I am slipping away from earth and drawing near to heaven, what sort of music would I like to hear? From earliest times, bards were called to play music at the bedside of a person in crisis or
More informationED: What attracts an actor to Chekhov?
The work of Anton Chekhov has attracted actors from its earliest days on the stage. Why is this the case? Is it the depth of emotion that exists in all of Chekhov's work? Is it the truth of humanity that
More informationThe Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet
Name: Period: The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet By William Shakespeare Are Romeo and Juliet driven by love or lust? Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday STANDARDS READING SKILLS FOR LITERATURE: Inferences
More informationRomeo & Juliet Notes
Romeo & Juliet Notes The Basics Written about 1595 Considered a About lovers from feuding families: The Montagues and The Capulets Setting: The play/story takes place over the course of days. o Starts
More informationAP Lit & Comp 2/9 16
AP Lit & Comp 2/9 16 1. Look at poetry prompt from last class / review thesis statements and outlines. 2. Poetry essay tips 3. Lead the discussion second half of Judges 4. For next class THINGS I MUST
More informationAntigone by Sophocles
Antigone by Sophocles Background Information: Drama Read the following information carefully. You will be expected to answer questions about it when you finish reading. A Brief History of Drama Plays have
More informationLiterature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing
Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing by Roberts and Jacobs English Composition III Mary F. Clifford, Instructor What Is Literature and Why Do We Study It? Literature is Composition that tells
More informationThe Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, Act II William Shakespeare
SELETION TEST Student Edition page 818 The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, Act II William Shakespeare LITERARY RESPONSE AN ANALYSIS OMPREHENSION (60 points; 6 points each) On the line provided, write the
More informationTHE DEATH OF CHARACTER - A METATHEATRICAL TRAGEDY
.I ON THE DEATH OF CHARACTER - A METATHEATRICAL TRAGEDY By Leigh Johnathon Oswin, BCA (Hons) Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Fine Arts VOLUME I University
More informationCURRICULUM CATALOG ENGLISH IV (10242X0) NC
2018-19 CURRICULUM CATALOG ENGLISH IV (10242X0) NC Table of Contents ENGLISH IV (10242X0) NC COURSE OVERVIEW... 1 UNIT 1: FRAMING WESTERN LITERATURE... 2 UNIT 2: HUMANISM... 2 UNIT 3: THE QUEST FOR KNOWLEDGE...
More informationCURRICULUM CATALOG. English IV ( ) TX
2018-19 CURRICULUM CATALOG Table of Contents ENGLISH IV (0322040) TX COURSE OVERVIEW... 1 UNIT 1: FRAMING WESTERN LITERATURE... 1 UNIT 2: HUMANISM... 2 UNIT 3: THE QUEST FOR KNOWLEDGE... 2 UNIT 4: SEMESTER
More informationBeka Akhalaia A Metamodernist Georgian Poet
Beka Akhalaia A Metamodernist Georgian Poet Dali Kadagishvili, Professor Grigol Robakidze University, Tbilisi, Georgia Abstract A very intelligent and story like poetry by Beka Akhalaia amuses and saddens
More informationLITERARY TRENDS AND CRITICISM IN POST-WAR BRITISH FICTION. Stăncuţa Ramona DIMA-LAZA 1
LITERARY TRENDS AND CRITICISM IN POST-WAR BRITISH FICTION Stăncuţa Ramona DIMA-LAZA 1 Abstract The present paper displays a few aspects characteristic for the major literary trends, topics and authors
More informationTHEATRE STUDIES. Written examination. Wednesday 19 November 2003
Victorian Certificate of Education 2003 THEATRE STUDIES Written examination Wednesday 19 November 2003 Reading time: 2.00 pm to 2.15 pm (15 minutes) Writing time: 2.15 pm to 3.45 pm (1 hour 30 minutes)
More informationRomeo and Juliet Act Three (study guide) Choices and Consequences
Romeo and Juliet Act Three (study guide) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Choices and Consequences Character Page # Choice-Sum up the choice the character made.
More informationCALL OF THE REVOLUTION
CALL OF THE REVOLUTION by LEONID ANDREYEV adapted for the stage by WALTER WYKES CHARACTERS CAUTION: Professionals and amateurs are hereby warned that Call of the Revolution is subject to a royalty. It
More information126 BEN JONSON JOURNAL
BOOK REVIEWS James D. Mardock, Our Scene is London: Ben Jonson s City and the Space of the Author. New York and London: Routledge, 2008. ix+164 pages. This short volume makes a determined and persistent
More informationExcerpt from Romeo and Juliet, Act 3, Scene 3
FRIAR 3.3.1 Romeo, come forth. Come forth, thou fearful man. come in Affliction is enamored of thy parts, suffering is in love with you And thou art wedded to calamity. married to misfortune ROMEO 3.3.4
More informationthe ending of a novel or play of acknowledges literary merit. Explain precisely how and why the ending appropriately or inappropriately concludes the
PAST AP OPEN TOPICS When we come to the end of a novel or play, a consistent mood should have been created and our consciousness of certain aspects of life should have been intensified or even altered.
More informationeéåxé tçw ]âä xà by William Shakespeare
eéåxé tçw ]âä xà by William Shakespeare Scene 1. In a square in Verona. Playscript The Capulet family and the Montague family are great enemies. Two servants of the Capulet family are working when two
More informationIntroduction. a pre-release pack based on an extract of Virginia Woolf s Mrs Dalloway and three pieces of secondary material
Introduction This is a complete pack to help students prepare for the synoptic paper. It models one of the formats used in previous examinations. It consists of: a pre-release pack based on an extract
More informationThe Alchemist By: Ben Jonson
The Alchemist By: Ben Jonson Jessica Shields, Kelly Goodman, Caroline Hagerty, Chelsea Weidanz, Kristen Hartwick, Nicole Nersten, Alexander Soto- Roman, Charlotte Gillespie. CLICKER QUESTION Did you understand
More informationWilliam Shakespeare. The Seven Ages of Bill Shakespeare s life
William Shakespeare The Seven Ages of Bill Shakespeare s life Biography Biography Born April 23, 1564 in Statford-upon-Avon, England Biography Born April 23, 1564 in Statford-upon-Avon, England Died April
More informationCreative Writing 12: Portfolio for Script Writing
Creative Writing 12: Portfolio for Script Writing You are required to attempt writing each of s that follow. You are also required to attach a reflection/explanation to each scene in order for you to demonstrate
More information