The Tales of the Killer Rabbit Cowardice, Violence and Bunnies, from the Middle Ages to modern times
|
|
- Oliver Boone
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Tales of the Killer Rabbit Cowardice, Violence and Bunnies, from the Middle Ages to modern times The Killer Rabit scene, one of the most epic episodes of Terry Gilliam and Terry Jones 1975 film Monty Python and the Holy Grail, seems to be directly inspired by medieval occurrences. Among them would be the Allegory of Cowardice sculpture found on the central portal of Notre- Dame of Amiens (c. 1220). In both cases, knights face a fierce and bloodthirsty creature: a rabbit.beyond the apparently direct iconographic link, many other associations arise when confronting this gothic quatrefoil (a four-leaves clover pattern) and the Killer Rabbit of Caerbannog's cave (Fig. 1 & 2). Before I go any further in my analysis, I would like to explain why I should not have studied that topic. From a purely diplomatic point of view, discussing a film that shows my fellow countrymen as a bunch of uncivilised and vulgar taunters (Fig. 3) in the very temple of French culture in the UK could be seen as pure provocation or even worse, as an attempt to inflict a moral injury to the Entente Cordiale (Fig. 4). More seriously, dealing with the present topic was indeed a hard decision to make. The juxtaposition, resulting from a recollection of university lectures about medieval art and a longstanding enthusiasm for the Pythons, seemed at first to be totally adequate to the description for the submission of papers. It sounded original and ''irreverent'' enough to be worth studying. One quick check on the Internet nearly destroyed that first impression of originality and irreverence. Indeed, the Rabbit of Caerbannog, as described in its Wikipedia article (a more irreverent reference could have been found), is said to be directly inspired by a sculpted medallion from Notre-Dame cathedral in Paris (Fig. 5). ''The idea of the rabbit in the movie was taken from the façade of the cathedral Notre-Dame de Paris. This illustrates the weakness of cowardice [sic] by showing a knight fleeing from a rabbit'' 1. That terse statement is in many ways disappointing. Because of its apparent validity induced by the scientific aura of the online encyclopaedia, this information is now widely repeated and spread around the web, and as a result, taken for granted. A deeper analysis is therefore necessary in order to go at once beyond that disappointment and beyond this by far too factual and too simple a connection. 1 WIKIPEDIA CONTRIBUTORS 1
2 Monty Python and the Holy Grail is a 1975 British comedy film directed by Terry Gilliam and Terry Jones. This parody of the Arthurian epic relates the quest of the Holy Grail by King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table. After a long coconut-shell-banging ride through his kingdom (Fig. 5), Arthur recruits, not without difficulty, his new companions-in-arms. Having decided not to move in the castle of Camelot (''It's a silly place''), Arthur is urged by God to seek the chalice where the blood of Christ has been kept: the Holy Grail. Set off on many more or less unsuccessful adventures, the company is told that an enchanter (there are some who call him... Tim) could help the Knights finding the Grail (Fig. 6). Led by Tim the Enchanter, the group reaches the cave of Caerbannog ''wherein, carved in mystic runes, upon the very living rock, the last words of Olfin Bedwere of Rheged make plain the last resting place of the most Holy Grail'' 2. However, before entering the cave, the Knights have to defeat the monster that guards the entry, a ''creature so foul, so cruel that no man yet has fought with it and lived'': a white and apparently harmless tiny little bunny (Fig. 1). Doubting the seriousness of Tim's warnings, the Knights have to admit they were wrong after seeing how quick their fellow Bors is beheaded by the ''bad tempered rodent'' (Fig. 7). The second attempt to defeat the rabbit turns out to be a disaster and two other knights are killed during the attack. While the knights are rethinking their strategy, Lancelot suggests they use the Holy Hand Grenade of Antioch, a powerful explosive sacred relic (Fig. 8). The operation is a success: King Arthur blows into pieces the ferocious blood-splattered rabbit. The Killer Rabbit scene is one of the best examples of Monty Python's capacity to combine ''Oxbridgian wit and music-hall vulgarity'' 3. Disrespectful cultural references are coupled with blood squirts in a general subversive and antiauthoritarian discourse. Royal authority and chivalric bravery are always challenged by various opponents: anarcho-syndicalist peasants, cow-fetching and excrement-throwing French soldiers, ''eight score young blondes and brunettes, all between sixteen and nineteen and a half'', the shrubbery-addict Knights who say ''Ni!'' and our rabbit. All these enemies are absurd and, only in appearance, mundane and prosaic. They clearly don't fit the expected epic frame of the Arthurian legend. This disrespect toward the ''Arthurian history sanctioned by the English educational and political establishment'' 4 is perfectly embodied by the murder of one of the narrators. In scene 9, ''A Famous Historian'' a BBC TV expert caricature is killed by a mounted knight before he could finish his comment (Fig. 9). 2 A curious contradictory detail. In scene 34, the announced ''mystic runes'' carved by Olfin Bedwere of Rheged are said later to be the last words of Joseph of Arimathea and are supposed to be written in Aramaic. 3 UMLAND 1996, p KLINE 2012, p
3 We must therefore bear in mind that particular approach to history when questioning the inspiration for the Pythons' Killer Rabbit. A medieval sculpture alone couldn't have suggested the idea of a bloodthirsty rabbit. The creative process is in fact richer and more complex. Like Chartres and Reims cathedrals, Notre-Dame d'amiens is ranked among the best examples of the ''classic'' gothic cathedrals built from the end of the 12th century to the mid-30's of the 13th (Fig. 10). The term ''classic'', used by art historians like Henri Focillon or Hans Jantzen, refers exclusively to the formal aspect of the cathedral, seen as an archetype and model. It also implies an idea of unity and architectonic purity. At the turn of the 20th century, the cathedral of Amiens was admired by modern commentators for the noble simplicity of its interior, whereas the richly decorated main western façade was often seen as an anomaly that couldn't fit in a holistic architectural analysis 5. Despite the impressive variety of sculptures, the western portals follow in fact a very formal scheme. This point is particularly well epitomised by the base of the portals, entirely covered by series of quatrefoils whose ''repetitious quality [...] is reminiscent of wax impressions mecanically produced through the imprint of a seal'' 6. Among them is the series of the twenty-four Vices and Virtues quatrefoils (Fig. 11). These binary combinations are used here to strengthen the general moral discourse of the central portal dedicated to the Last Judgement. Placed in the upper register (''vice is more accessible to the visitor than virtue'' 7 ), the twelve Virtues are embodied by female allegories holding attributes, whereas the twelve Vices, in the lower register, are symbolised by scenes rather than personifications (Fig. 12). The vividness and visual power of these representations contrast with the more semiotic, and in a certain way more difficult to decipher, allegories. One of the most epic scenes is the one depicting the vice of Cowardice (Fig. 2). The quatrefoil frames a knight fleeing from a hare hidden in a bush, dropping his sword on the way. Fear can be read on his face. The meaning of the bird perched on the tree a detail also present in the medallion of Notre-Dame of Paris (Fig. 5) is puzzling. It is often simply ignored in literature. Could the bird just be a witness of the scene? Knowing the exact bird species would help in the interpretation of the sculpture. Placed above the Cowardice quatrefoil, its exact opposite, Courage, shows an armed woman holding a shield with a lion on it, a far more noble and ferocious beast. 5 MURRAY 1996, p. 4, p Ibidem, p Ibidem. 3
4 The quatrefoil of Cowardice, submerged by the amount of decorations and sculptures, must be seen as a small detail among others and can't be artificially removed from both architectural structure and intellectual context. The ambivalence of the rabbit's symbolism in medieval collective imagination has generated a rich iconography. However, neither Amiens's nor Paris' ferocious hare has inspired Monty Python's Killer Rabbit. Whether it is true or not, that question does not really matter. Above all else, it was the medieval idea of folly and carnivalesque ''world upside down'' that influenced the Pythons. Like many other animals, hares and rabbits have an ambivalent meaning in medieval Christian symbolism. The hare is considered as an impure animal in Deuteronomy and therefore unsuitable for consumption according to the Jewish belief. A symbol of lust and ''sanguine sensuality'' 8, it paradoxically stands for shyness and fear. In Proverbs 30:26, it is described as a weak and shy creature: ''the conies are but a feeble folk, yet make they their houses in the rocks'' 9. As a result, medieval bestiaries present hares and rabbits as nocturnal and lunar animals, hiding most of the time in the obscurity of a burrow (or a Scottish cave!). In the comic tale Roman de Renart, the main character, the fox Renart (or Reynard) has to deal with a young hare judiciously called Couart, which does not distinguish itself through acts of bravery. The Church Fathers used the metaphor of the fleeing rabbit to describe the lost and frightened soul looking for help and shelter in Christ and Church 10. Thank God, fear turns into force, and sometimes the ''feeble folk'' strike back and attack their persecutors as it is displayed in some Romanesque sculptures (Fig. 13) or in literature. In a relatively little known episode of the Roman de Renart, the hare Couart surprisingly defeats a fur trader who tried to attack him: Quant je le vi vers moi venir Adonques ne me poi tenir, Ainz ving a lui touz ademis. Si li crachai enmi le vis Et escopi par grant vertu. 11 Carrying the rogue hunter on his back, Couart decides to bring him to justice. The story of brave Couart has probably been written at a much later date compared to the ''canonical'' episodes. A previous knowledge of the traditional literary corpus is indeed required to appreciate the 8 PANOFSKY 1948, p ''Cony'' or ''coney'' is an old term for ''rabbit'', coming from old French ''conil'', ''conin''(lat. cuniculus). The original Hebrew text was in fact refering to hyraxes (also known as ''rock badgers''). In modern translations of the Bible, the mistake has been corrected. 10 KIRSCHBAUM 1970, p MARTIN 1887, p
5 turnaround, since Couart has been constantly described as a coward in the previous tales. 12 This iconography of ''revenge'' 13, though undoubtedly bound to religious concepts, must be seen as part of the larger context of ''world upside down'' imagery. In this fantasy universe, traditional hierarchy and decency are temporarily abolished and rebuilt in an ''inverted mirror configuration'', as can be seen during Carnival 14. Typically graphic examples can be found in illuminated manuscripts' marginalia, from which Terry Gilliam drew inspiration for the animations he created for the Holy Grail (Fig. 14). Pythons' Killer Rabbit, the ultimate anti-coward, seems to be a creature from the medieval world upside down. Many other links can be made. Cowardice is in fact one of the main themes of the film: ''Run away!'' is the most used line. Cowardice has also its champion with Sir Robin, the Not-quite-so-brave-as-sir-Lancelot, who always soils his armour before (not) fighting and whose shield emblem is a chicken. After the failed attack on the Killer Rabbit, he tries to hide himself under a rock, like the biblical ''coney'' (Fig. 15). The subversive discourse of the film in which all kind of authorities are challenged, echoes the medieval world upside down imagery but is not a simple illustration of it. According to Eric Idle's audio commentary recorded for the DVD version of the film, the Pythons chose a rabbit because it is ''the most unviolent animal you could think of. Really, it's a white fluffy rabbit [ ] Stoats are kind of nasty little things, and bites [sic]. [ ] We fixed up the rabbit theme from the earlier [...] wooden rabbit.'' The idea of a bloodthirsty rabbit must therefore be seen as a self-reflexive quotation of another rabbit of the film. In scene 8, Sir Bedivere conceives a large wooden rabbit to take the French Taunters by surprise. The operation is a complete failure: the Knights forgot to hide in it and the French used it as a projectile (Fig. 16). Saying that a medieval sculpture was used as a direct inspiration would be therefore overinterpreting. Though Amiens' hare and Python's rabbit are similar in their intellectual and humoristic genesis, the sources for the Killer Rabbit must be found in the larger scale of collective imagination and popular culture (Fig. 17). The same problem has arisen with another medieval sculpted rabbit. The 14th century rabbit of St. Mary's Church in Beverley, ''walking upright with pilgrim's staff and satchel'' is said to have inspired John Tenniel for his depiction of Lewis Carroll's White Rabbit in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland' 15 (Fig. 18). This widely spread story is but an anecdote, and not even a certified one. However, for it is precisely the characteristic of an anecdote, it will be the information that most people will remember. Video games show that the Monty Pythons and Lewis Carroll s rabbits have 12 SIMPSON 1996, p & BIANCIOTTO 2005, p DEBIDOUR 1961, p See also p , p LEVY-COOTE 2005, p KLINGENDER 1971, p
6 even more in common. In many video games (Wizardry, Quest for Glory, Ultima Online, Final Fantasy XII...) players face so-called ''vorpal bunnies'' 16 (Fig. 19). The imaginary adjective ''vorpal'' refers to Carroll's nonsensical poem Jabberwocky where the hero defeats the indescribable eponymous monster with a ''vorpal blade''. Published in Alice in Wonderland sequel, Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There, the poem inspired Terry Gilliam for his first solo film Jabberwocky (1977). From the medieval cathedral sculptures to the White or Killer Rabbits and video games, the circle is now artificially complete. As seen throughout the essay, apparently self-evident facts always have to be questioned. Art history, which often comes up against such anecdotes and myths, is a permanent rethinking of the historical process. Even if the link seems to be obvious, like the one made between the Killer Rabbit and Amiens' quatrefoil, the connections are not linear but entirely interwoven in a larger canvas. A rabbit is never quite the same as another rabbit. 16 TV TROPES CONTRIBUTORS 6
Monty python and the holy grail rabbit
Monty python and the holy grail rabbit The Killer Rabbit of Caerbannog is a fictional character in the Monty Python film Monty Python and the Holy Grail. The scene in Holy Grail was written by Graham Chapman
More informationUniversity REFERENCES TO ENGLISH CLASSICS IN MONTY PYTHON AND THE HOLY GRAIL. Student s Name and Surname. Course. Professor.
University REFERENCES TO ENGLISH CLASSICS IN MONTY PYTHON AND THE HOLY GRAIL Student s Name and Surname Course Professor Due Date Surname 2 References to English Classics in Monty Python and the Holy Grail
More informationAuditions will be held at Dalhousie Street, Haberfield. Monday 23 rd July :30pm 10:30pm Thursday 26 th July :30pm 10:30pm
- Synopsis - Spamalot tells the legendary tale of King Arthur s quest to find the Holy Grail. Inspired by the classic comedy film, Monty Python and the Holy Grail, the musical also diverts a bit from more
More informationWHAT DEFINES A HERO? The study of archetypal heroes in literature.
WHAT DEFINES A? The study of archetypal heroes in literature. EPICS AND EPIC ES EPIC POEMS The epics we read today are written versions of old oral poems about a tribal or national hero. Typically these
More informationCHAPTER ONE. The Wounded Beast
CHAPTER ONE The Wounded Beast Tagus is hurt! Tom cried, scrambling onto his horse. Quickly, Storm! Elenna leapt up behind Tom. The black stallion neighed and reared, his hooves striking the air, before
More informationNonsense for a Reason in Alice in Wonderland
Mr. Hassall Mike Stamp January 22, 2016 Language Arts Nonsense for a Reason in Alice in Wonderland Reverend Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, best known by his pen name Lewis Carroll, has written many novels,
More informationDates for your diary:
Penarth Operatic & Dramatic Society Director: - Fiona Porter-Smith Musical Director: - Ben Davies Assistant Director: - Debbie Apollonio Choreographer: - Nicola Whelan Stage Manager: - Carl Jones Hello
More informationU N I T 2 : T H E M I D D L E A G E S E N G 1 2 A
U N I T 2 : T H E M I D D L E A G E S 1 0 6 6-1 4 8 5 E N G 1 2 A WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW Unit Objectives Read, analyze, and interpret selections from the medieval period Identify and analyze elements of
More informationUniversity of Leeds Classification of Books General Literature
University of Leeds Classification of Books General Literature Works on specific authors classed in the appropriate schedule (English, French, etc.) [A General] A-0.01 periodicals A-0.02 series A-0.03
More informationStudent Performance Q&A:
Student Performance Q&A: 2011 AP Art History Free-Response Questions The following comments on the 2011 free-response questions for AP Art History were written by the Chief Reader, Robert Nauman of the
More informationMiddle Ages. (Medieval Age) European Music History
Middle Ages (Medieval Age) European Music History The medieval age was from the fall of the Roman empire to the middle of the 15 th century. It was a time of struggle, superstition, laughter and great
More informationThe Holy Grail Of Macroeconomics Lessons From Japans Great Recession Richard C Koo
The Holy Grail Of Macroeconomics Lessons From Japans Great Recession Richard C Koo We have made it easy for you to find a PDF Ebooks without any digging. And by having access to our ebooks online or by
More informationOpen to all students in grades Students are only required to attend one audition session. Auditions will be held in the AAHS PAC.
ALEXANDRIA AREA HIGH SCHOOL THEATRE DEPARTMENT SPRING MUSICAL 2016 Monty Python s SPAMALOT, by Idle and Du Prez ARTISTIC TEAM Jessica Chipman, Director Kayla Noble, Assistant Director Raymond Noble, Assistant
More informationThe Holy Kingdom : The Quest For The Real King Arthur Hardcover By Gilbert, Alan; Blackett, Adrian; Wilson, Baram READ ONLINE
The Holy Kingdom : The Quest For The Real King Arthur Hardcover By Gilbert, Alan; Blackett, Adrian; Wilson, Baram READ ONLINE Here is the magical legend of King Arthur, vividly retold through the eyes
More informationMonty Python And The Holy Grail Screenplay By Graham Chapman
Monty Python And The Holy Grail Screenplay By Graham Chapman If you are searching for a book by Graham Chapman Monty Python and the Holy Grail Screenplay in pdf format, in that case you come on to the
More informationThe Four Artistic Processes: Creating, Performing, Responding and Connecting!
Danville Schools Spotlights The Four Artistic Processes: Creating, Performing, Responding and Connecting! Students watching the performance and engaging in the content covered in this performance guide
More informationThe play can be seen as a study in violence, and as such it can also be seen as being highly relevant to our own time.
The play can be seen as a study in violence, and as such it can also be seen as being highly relevant to our own time. As a very early Shakespeare play, it still contains a lot of bookish references to
More informationNovel Ties. A Study Guide. Written By Norma Marsh Edited by Joyce Friedland and Rikki Kessler LEARNING LINKS. P.O. Box 326 Cranbury New Jersey 08512
Novel Ties A Study Guide Written By Norma Marsh Edited by Joyce Friedland and Rikki Kessler LEARNING LINKS P.O. Box 326 Cranbury New Jersey 08512 TABLE OF CONTENTS Synopsis.....................................
More informationPETERS TOWNSHIP SCHOOL DISTRICT CORE BODY OF KNOWLEDGE ADVANCED PLACEMENT LITERATURE AND COMPOSITION GRADE 12
PETERS TOWNSHIP SCHOOL DISTRICT CORE BODY OF KNOWLEDGE ADVANCED PLACEMENT LITERATURE AND COMPOSITION GRADE 12 For each section that follows, students may be required to analyze, recall, explain, interpret,
More informationMedieval and Renaissance Music
Medieval and Renaissance Music Life in Middle Ages 467-1400 Life was tough in Middle Ages. Usually many people shared small homes that were cold, damp, and very dark. People used fires to heat their homes.
More informationNew Vision Leader Guide. My Big Fat Mouth Small Talk Proverbs 18:21; Proverbs 25: /25/2018
New Vision Leader Guide My Big Fat Mouth Small Talk Proverbs 18:21; 03/25/2018 Main Point Gossip can destroy our relationships with others, tear apart the Church, and ultimately those guilty of it. Introduction
More informationMacQuarrie CSUB-AV GETTY RESEARCH ESSAY
GETTY RESEARCH ESSAY From about 800 to 1200 monasteries functioned as the primary guardians of art and scholarship throughout Europe. Although these religious institutions were physically secluded, their
More informationHow to read Lit like a Professor
How to read Lit like a Professor every trip is a quest a. A quester b. A place to go c. A stated reason to go there d. Challenges and trials e. The real reason to go always self-knowledge Nice to eat with
More informationAnswer the following questions: 1) What reasons can you think of as to why Macbeth is first introduced to us through the witches?
Macbeth Study Questions ACT ONE, scenes 1-3 In the first three scenes of Act One, rather than meeting Macbeth immediately, we are presented with others' reactions to him. Scene one begins with the witches,
More informationAP Literature and Composition Summer Reading. Supplemental Assignment to Accompany to How to Read Literature Like a Professor
AP Literature and Composition Summer Reading Supplemental Assignment to Accompany to How to Read Literature Like a Professor In Arthur Conan Doyle s The Red-Headed League, Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson
More informationThe characteristics of the genre of the Russian school theatre plays of the XVII century.
The characteristics of the genre of the Russian school theatre plays of the XVII century. Irina Moshchenko The typological comparison of the texts of the Russian allegorical school plays and the English
More informationMedieval Art. artwork during such time. The ivory sculpting and carving have been very famous because of the
Ivory and Boxwood Carvings 1450-1800 Medieval Art Ivory and boxwood carvings 1450 to 1800 have been one of the most prized medieval artwork during such time. The ivory sculpting and carving have been very
More informationExamination papers and Examiners reports E040. Victorians. Examination paper
Examination papers and Examiners reports 2008 033E040 Victorians Examination paper 85 Diploma and BA in English 86 Examination papers and Examiners reports 2008 87 Diploma and BA in English 88 Examination
More informationCOURSE OUTLINE Humanities: Ancient to Medieval
Butler Community College Humanities and Social Sciences Division Grayson Barnes Revised Spring 2011 Implemented Spring 2012 Textbook Update Fall 2017 COURSE OUTLINE Humanities: Ancient to Medieval Course
More informationLESSON 1. A Picture Lesson
What do you see in the picture? Where are the squirrels? What are they doing? What season of the year is it? What is the bird doing? LESSON 1 A Picture Lesson Describe some squirrels that you have seen.
More informationTales Of The Greek Heroes (Puffin Classics) PDF
Tales Of The Greek Heroes (Puffin Classics) PDF The mysterious and exciting legends of the gods and heroes in Ancient Greece, from the adventures of Perseus, the labours of Heracles, the voyage of Jason
More informationin order to formulate and communicate meaning, and our capacity to use symbols reaches far beyond the basic. This is not, however, primarily a book
Preface What a piece of work is a man, how noble in reason, how infinite in faculties, in form and moving how express and admirable, in action how like an angel, in apprehension how like a god! The beauty
More informationStone. Face 2 Face. in the CREATION. Teacher s Pack
thesword in the Stone a Face 2 Face CREATION TEACHERS Introduction T he following is a Teacher s Pack and accompanying audio for the show The Sword In The Stone. The exercises are designed to help prepare
More information3200 Jaguar Run, Tracy, CA (209) Fax (209)
3200 Jaguar Run, Tracy, CA 95377 (209) 832-6600 Fax (209) 832-6601 jeddy@tusd.net Dear English 1 Pre-AP Student: Welcome to Kimball High s English Pre-Advanced Placement program. The rigorous Pre-AP classes
More informationCh. 2: Nice to Eat With You: Acts of Communion 3. Complete this sentence about communion breaking bread together is an act
STUDY GUIDE (TEMPLATE) : How to Read Literature Like a Professor by Thomas C. Foster Ch.1: Every Trip is a Quest (Except When It s Not) 1. What are the five characteristics of the quest? 1) 4) 2) 5) 3)
More information51 What Is the Christian View of Art?
Page 1 of 6 QUESTIONS WE WANT ANSWERED 51 What Is the Christian View of Art? Scripture: Genesis 1:31; Exodus 35:30-36:1; I Kings 6:28-35; Ezra 7:27; I Timothy 6:17; Philippians 4:8 INTRODUCTION When people
More informationLEGENDS OF THE ROUND TABLE by JEFF POSSON
LEGENDS OF THE ROUND TABLE by JEFF POSSON 2 LEGENDS OF THE ROUND TABLE SETTING The forests of England in the Middle Ages. A Lake with magic in its waters. CHARACTERS Merlin A wizard Morgan Le Fay An enchantress
More informationMyth & Knowing. Scott Leonard and Michael McClure. Chapter 1: Purposes and Definitions Views of Mythology: Early Christian 18 th Century
Views of Mythology: Early Christian 18 th Century The materials given here are based on Leonard & McClure with additional notes added by Bill Stifler, Chattanooga State Technical cal Community College,
More informationThe Middle Ages and The Canterbury Tales
The Middle Ages and The Canterbury Tales The Middle Ages The Middle Ages lasted from around the end of the 5 th century (late 400 s) to the 15 th century (1400 s), approximately 1000 years. The Middle
More informationThis was a time of three social classes: NOBILITY PEASANTRY CLERGY
450 1450 A.D. Middle Ages Around 450 the Roman Empire began to disintegrate. This was the beginning of the dark ages. Life was hard and full of migrations, upheavals, and wars. In the later Middle Ages
More informationA Most Extraordinary Technique
A Most Extraordinary Technique Thank you, Albert. You are turning into a fine squire. 1 1 squire: a young man of noble family who attended a knight until he himself was made a knight Our mighty King of
More informationGet ready to take notes!
Get ready to take notes! Organization of Society Rights and Responsibilities of Individuals Material Well-Being Spiritual and Psychological Well-Being Ancient - Little social mobility. Social status, marital
More informationMacbeth Act Two Standards Focus: Figurative Language
Macbeth Act Two Standards Focus: Figurative Language One of the most captivating aspects of Macbeth is Shakespeare s use of the literary device called figurative language words that are used to convey
More informationThe Odyssey (Ancient Greek) (Greek Edition) By Homer READ ONLINE
The Odyssey (Ancient Greek) (Greek Edition) By Homer READ ONLINE The Odyssey of Homer (Cowper) - Wikisource, the free online library - The Odyssey is one of the two major ancient Greek epic poems (the
More informationIMAGINATION AT THE SCHOOL OF SEASONS - FRYE S EDUCATED IMAGINATION AN OVERVIEW J.THULASI
IMAGINATION AT THE SCHOOL OF SEASONS - FRYE S EDUCATED IMAGINATION AN OVERVIEW J.THULASI Northrop Frye s The Educated Imagination (1964) consists of essays expressive of Frye's approach to literature as
More informationAlice's Adventures In Wonderland & Other Stories READ ONLINE
Alice's Adventures In Wonderland & Other Stories READ ONLINE Down the rabbit-hole and through the looking-glass! Alice's Adventures in Wonderland & Other Stories features all of the best-known works of
More informationScene 1: Camelot Merlin intro playing in background Merlin walks onto stage. Then he walks off.
Ella/Ayva Merlin Play Season 2 Episode 8 The sins of the father Scene 1: Camelot Merlin intro playing in background Merlin walks onto stage. Then he walks off. Scene 2: Morgause s castle (Stone background
More informationJoseph Andrews: The Comedic Epic. Henry Fielding boldly claimed that his 1741 novel, Joseph Andrews, was a comic epicpoem
Mandeville 1 Savanah Mandeville English 371 Dr. Murphy 28 September 2012 Joseph Andrews: The Comedic Epic Henry Fielding boldly claimed that his 1741 novel, Joseph Andrews, was a comic epicpoem in prose.
More informationRe(t)con. written by. Moustache de Plume
Re(t)con written by Moustache de Plume Address Phone E-mail FADE IN: EXT. CONVENIENCE STORE - NIGHT Two THUGS, male, twenties, horse-play in the parking lot. There are no other people around. A guy, late
More informationEdge Level B Unit 3 Cluster 1 The Sword in the Stone
1. Read this sentence from the story. Edge Level B Unit 3 Cluster 1 The Sword in the Stone Lessons were suspended so that he and Kay could join the men out in the fields. Which word is most opposite in
More informationMedieval and Renaissance
First Name: Last Name: Class Period: Medieval and Renaissance Middle Ages: c. 500 1450 Renaissance: c. 1450 1600 Life in the Medieval: (please match) Clothing Peasant Male, Peasant Female, Noble-Woman,
More informationYes actually, the court jester wants to enter.
Arthur is looking for new knights to join his Round Table. The Evil(ish) Lord Moldiwart attempts to become a knight so he can gain access to the castle and free his wife Lady Morgana from the cells. LANCLEOT
More informationV I S C E R A L. Della Paul BFA Thesis Now faith is being sure of what you hope for, and certain of what you do not see.
V I S C E R A L Della Paul BFA Thesis 2015 Now faith is being sure of what you hope for, and certain of what you do not see. HEBREWS 11:1 I am here for a purpose: my faith in the Christian Gospel, which
More informationAposematic Model vs. Sexual Selection Model of Human Evolution
Aposematic Model vs. Sexual Selection Model of Human Evolution The principle of sexual selection as a model for the evolution of most of the human morphological and behavioural features was suggested by
More informationThe Use of Stories and Narratives in Social Sciences Research
The Use of Stories and Narratives in Social Sciences Research Systemische Forschung in Therapie, Pädagogik und Organisationsberatung Heidelberg 5. - 7. März 2008 Professor Yiannis Gabriel University of
More informationThe Odyssey Tiered Writing Assignment
The Odyssey Tiered Writing Assignment Students will read The Odyssey and investigate characterization, inference, and literary devices of flashback, imagery, and symbolism. After reading The Odyssey, students
More informationMonty Pythonʼs SPAMALOT Book & Lyrics by Eric Idle, Music by John Du Prez ARCADIANS THEATRE GROUP. Audition Brief
Monty Pythonʼs SPAMALOT Book & Lyrics by Eric Idle, Music by John Du Prez ARCADIANS THEATRE GROUP Audition Brief Presented by Director Musical Director Choreographer Producers Arcadians Theatre Group Juran
More informationELEMENT OF TRAGEDY Introduction to Oedipus Rex DEFINE:TRAGEDY WHAT DOES TRAGEDY OFFER THE AUDIENCE??? Your thoughts?
ELEMENT OF TRAGEDY Introduction to Oedipus Rex 1 DEFINE:TRAGEDY calamity: an event resulting in great loss and misfortune; "the whole city was affected by the irremediable calamity"; "the earthquake was
More informationLanguage Arts Literary Terms
Language Arts Literary Terms Shires Memorize each set of 10 literary terms from the Literary Terms Handbook, at the back of the Green Freshman Language Arts textbook. We will have a literary terms test
More informationPDP English I UPDATED Summer Reading Assignment Hammond High Magnet School
PDP English I UPDATED Summer Reading Assignment Hammond High Magnet School How to Read Literature Like a Professor (Revised Edition-2014) by Thomas C. Foster a lively and entertaining introduction to literature
More informationSummer Reading: Socratic Seminar
Required Reading Book Summer Reading Program Entering 12 th Grader - Honors Theme: Women s Struggles in Society The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams: By means of a direct monologue to the audience,
More informationpeople who pushed for such an event to happen (the antitheorists) are the same people who
Davis Cox Cox 1 ENGL 305 22 September 2014 Keyword Search of Iser Iser, Wolfgang. How to do Theory. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2006. Print. Subjects: Literary Theory; pluralism; Hegel; Adorno; metaphysics;
More informationTHE LOST BOOK OF THE GRAIL
THE LOST BOOK OF THE GRAIL Online Book Club Kit Inside this kit are materials to help enrich your book club meeting, including additional resources and a Q&A with author Charlie Lovett www.charlielovett.com
More informationMr. Hampton s MLA / Research Paper Planning Sheet
Directions: The more you use this planning sheet, the easier your paper will be to write. This planning sheet will cover general tips, the steps to make a paper, how to create a thesis statement, and include
More informationPoetry Commentary Outline Spring 2016 Andrews/Bersaglia/Gibbs Name Due: Wed., 8 Feb.
Poetry Commentary Outline Spring 2016 Andrews/Bersaglia/Gibbs Name Due: Wed., 8 Feb. Assignment: Analyze a Romantic poem from both technical & literary perspectives. Once you complete the outline in a
More informationFOREWORD... 1 LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE IN ENGLISH... 2
SR1IN0201 FOREWORD... 1 LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE IN ENGLISH... 2 GCE Advanced Subsidiary Level... 2 Paper 8695/02 Composition... 2 Paper 8695/09 Poetry, Prose and Drama... 3 This booklet contains reports
More informationalphabet book of confidence
Inner rainbow Project s alphabet book of confidence dictionary 2017 Sara Carly Mentlik by: sara Inner Rainbow carly Project mentlik innerrainbowproject.com Introduction All of the words in this dictionary
More informationShort, humorous poems Made in 18 th century (1700s) Takes its name from a country in Ireland that was featured in an old song, Oh Will You Come Up to
Short, humorous poems Made in 18 th century (1700s) Takes its name from a country in Ireland that was featured in an old song, Oh Will You Come Up to Limerick Sometimes seen as light verse, but they have
More informationThe Polish Peasant in Europe and America. W. I. Thomas and Florian Znaniecki
1 The Polish Peasant in Europe and America W. I. Thomas and Florian Znaniecki Now there are two fundamental practical problems which have constituted the center of attention of reflective social practice
More informationSir Cumference And The Dragon Of Pi (A Math Adventure) PDF
Sir Cumference And The Dragon Of Pi (A Math Adventure) PDF Sir Cumference, Lady Di of Ameter, and Radius are back in their second Math Adventure! This time, a potion has changed Sir Cumference into a fire-breathing
More informationMonty Python Speaks By David Morgan
Monty Python Speaks By David Morgan The Monty Python star said he has now been advised not to perform on university campuses as the idea of political Bullied boy speaks out after students pick on David
More informationEpisode 213 Martial Arts Humor whistlekickmartialartsradio.com
Jeremy Lesniak: Hello everyone and welcome to episode 213 of whistlekick Martial Arts Radio. My name is Jeremy Lesniak, I am your host, I m the founder of whistlekick. We make some great stuff, we produce
More informationAdaptive Cultures UNIT 4 WEEK 1. Read the article Adaptive Cultures before answering Numbers 1 through 5. Weekly Assessment Unit 4, Week 1 Grade 6 181
Read the article Adaptive Cultures before answering Numbers 1 through 5. UNIT 4 WEEK 1 Adaptive Cultures Environments are different around the world, but in almost all of them, you can find people. We
More informationBELLSHAKESPEARE ONLINE RESOURCES
BELLSHAKESPEARE ONLINE RESOURCES HENRY V POST-PERFORMANCE LEARNING ACTIVITES ACTIVITY ONE: Discussing Henry V Some questions to promote in-depth discussion with students about Henry V after watching the
More informationCaught in the middle. Entertainment Performing & Visual Arts
October 01 2012 Last updated 2 minutes ago gulfnews.com Entertainment Performing & Visual Arts Caught in the middle Artist Oussama Diab reads international greed between the lines of sufferings of the
More informationReadingLiterature Closely. Explication
ReadingLiterature Closely Explication What is literature? Is literature a collection of work embodying eternal truths and eternal beauty? Or is all literature just marks on paper or sounds in the air,
More informationLife of Pi Yann Martel. Part II: The Pacific Ocean. Due Date: March 7, 2016
Mrs. Talley Humanities Name: Date: Life of Pi Yann Martel Part II: The Pacific Ocean Due Date: March 7, 2016 Chapters 37-38 1. How does Yann Martel begin this section of the novel on a surprising and suspenseful
More informationStory Cards. Introduction 4. Lesson 1 7. Lesson 2 8. Lesson 3 9. Lesson Lesson Further activities 15. Text 1: Jack and the Beanstalk 18
Story Cards Traditional Tales CONTENTS Introduction 4 Lesson 1 7 Lesson 2 8 Lesson 3 9 Lesson 4 11 Lesson 5 13 Further activities 15 Text 1: Jack and the Beanstalk 18 Text 2: The Seal Wife 24 Text 3: The
More informationGraded Assignment. Unit Quiz: Turn-of-the-Century Literature. Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage from "Heart of Darkness":
Name: Date: Graded Assignment Unit Quiz: Turn-of-the-Century Literature Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage from "Heart of Darkness": "The yarns of a seamen have a direct simplicity, the meaning
More informationArt and Community Art and Social Protest/Conscience
PART 4 THEMES Art and Community Art and Social Protest/Conscience Chapter 4.1 Art and Community AS COMMUNITY Serve as gathering sites Become symbols Reflect concerns and practices of the groups that use
More informationGlobal Medievalism: From Model Books to Manga
Dominican University of California Dominican Scholar Collected Faculty and Staff Scholarship Faculty and Staff Scholarship 4-1-2016 Global Medievalism: From Model Books to Manga Leslie D. Ross Department
More informationART I: UNIT TEN ART APPRECIATION
Unit 10 ART I: UNIT TEN ART APPRECIATION CONTENTS I. THE PURPOSE OF ART......................... 2 The Aesthetic Experience........................ 2 Criticism...................................... 3 II.
More informationName: ( /10) English 11/ Macbeth Questions: Act 1
Name: ( /10) English 11/ Macbeth Questions: Act 1 1. Describe the three witches that we meet in Act 1. In what sense are they familiar to you? 2. Why does Shakespeare open the play by showing the witches?
More informationGetting the Picture: Engaging Student Learning Using Pinterest
Getting the Picture: Engaging Student Learning Using Pinterest Instructional Problem We used to ask students to bring magazines, newspapers, pictures, physical objects to class Most of them now access
More informationIn Daniel Defoe s adventure novel, Robinson Crusoe, the topic of violence
In Daniel Defoe s adventure novel, Robinson Crusoe, the topic of violence plays an interesting role. Violence in this novel is used for action and suspense, and it also poses dilemmas for the protagonist,
More informationST. MARY'S CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL, DUBAI
ST. MARY'S CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL, DUBAI Holiday Work - Summer 2018 English Language Year 8 Name of Student:...Section:... Submitted on:. Page 1 TASK BREAKUP WEEK TASK DATES WEEK 1 Write a diary entry July
More informationTALKING ABOUT MOVIES, -ED / -ING ADJECTIVES, EXTREME ADJECTIVES
Movie Violence Think of a few movies that you have seen recently. Now count how many of them featured weapons and death. It s pretty difficult to think of any movies that do not contain at least some guns
More informationProverbs 31 : Mark 9 : Sermon
Proverbs 31 : 10 31 Mark 9 : 38-50 Sermon That text from Proverbs contains all sorts of dangers for the unsuspecting Preacher. Any passage which starts off with a rhetorical question about how difficult
More informationSeptember 10. Fiction. Andrew Goldstone CA: Octavio R. Gonzalez
Twentieth-Century Fiction I September 10. Fiction. Andrew Goldstone andrew.goldstone@rutgers.edu CA: Octavio R. Gonzalez octavio@eden.rutgers.edu http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~ag978/355/ Office hours AG
More informationIhad an extremely slow-dawning insight about creation. That insight is
c h a p t e r o n e Creation in Reverse Ihad an extremely slow-dawning insight about creation. That insight is that context largely determines what is written, painted, sculpted, sung, or performed. That
More informationAP EXAM RUBRICS. AP COLLEGE BOARD EXAM SCORING CRITERIA FREE RESPONSE QUESTION 1: (30 Minute Response) - 2 hrs. total
1. FREE RESPONSE QUESTION 1: (30 Minute Response) - 2 hrs. total 1 IDENTIFICATION Selects and completely identifies another work in which a specific outdoor location was transformed. Identifying a work
More informationSeptember Book Project
September Book Project DUE DATE: Every month students will be assigned a Book Report project to complete based on a different genre of reading. This month, the focus will be Historical Fiction. What is
More informationSixth Grade 101 LA Facts to Know
Sixth Grade 101 LA Facts to Know 1. ALLITERATION: Repeated consonant sounds occurring at the beginnings of words and within words as well. Alliteration is used to create melody, establish mood, call attention
More informationMetaphor: interior or house is dull and dark, like the son s life. Pathetic fallacy the setting mirrors the character s emotions
Metaphor: interior or house is dull and dark, like the son s life Pathetic fallacy the setting mirrors the character s emotions Suggests unpleasant and repetitive work Handsome but child-like: suggests
More informationMedieval! Renaissance Music
Medieval! and! Renaissance Music 500-1600 Life in the Middle Ages Peasant Male, Peasant Female, Noble-Woman, Nobleman, Monk, Nun Life in the Middle Ages: Homes Most homes were damp, cold, and dark. Windows
More informationStudy Guide
Study Guide 2015-2016 Monty Python s SPAMALOT Book, Lyrics, and Music by Eric Idle Music by John Du Prez Florida Standards TH.912.O.1.4 TH.912.S.2.8 TH.912.C.1.6 TH.912.H.2.8 TH.912.S.1.1 TH.912.S.2.3
More information[PDF] Summary, Review, & Analysis: The Monuments Men By Robert M. Edsel
[PDF] Summary, Review, & Analysis: The Monuments Men By Robert M. Edsel What price would you pay to preserve a cultural legacy? Would it be worth endangering your life? Author Robert M. Edsel tells the
More informationAn Arthurian quest THE WINCHESTER ROUND TABLE
An Arthurian quest INSTRUCTIONS: Your quest is to find the HOLY GRAIL. How are you going to do this? By scoring the maximum number of points as you carry out the tasks which form part of your webquest.
More informationGlossary of Literary Terms
Page 1 of 9 Glossary of Literary Terms allegory A fictional text in which ideas are personified, and a story is told to express some general truth. alliteration Repetition of sounds at the beginning of
More informationWhy Teach Literary Theory
UW in the High School Critical Schools Presentation - MP 1.1 Why Teach Literary Theory If all of you have is hammer, everything looks like a nail, Mark Twain Until lions tell their stories, tales of hunting
More information