Grade School Crypto. Part 1. Dr. Rick Smith, Cryptosmith October, 2013
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1 Grade School Crypto Part 1 Dr. Rick Smith, Cryptosmith October, 2013
2 What We ll Learn About Substitution ciphers, especially the Caesar Ciphers Algorithms and Keys Cipher Disks Cracking a cipher key using letter frequencies
3 Alice Bob
4 Eve
5
6 Zfmebop Ciphers efab hide qeb the jbxkfkd meaning lc of qbuq text
7 Zfmebop efab qeb jbxkfkd lc qbuq
8 The Add One Cipher
9 A COLD
10 A COLD AB
11 A COLD B DPMD DPME
12 A DPME COLD B
13 B DPME
14 B DPME
15 B DPME B A DPME
16 B DPME A COLE COLD
17 BOB HAS A COLD B DPME
18 The Caesar Cipher Source: H. F. Helmolt (ed.): History of the World. New York, Provided by Wikipedia.
19 Roman historians recorded that Caesar used this cipher to protect messages of military significance Source: H. F. Helmolt (ed.): History of the World. New York, Provided by Wikipedia.
20 The Add Three Cipher
21 A BREEZE
22 A BREEZE BCAD
23 A BREEZE D EUHE EUHF EUHG EUHH
24 A BREEZE D EUHH?? What letter comes after Z?
25 No problem. We just start the alphabet over.
26 A BREEZE D EUHHCE EUHHCF EUHHCG EUHHCH
27 D EUHHCH
28 Shifting is the Key
29 A FROG COLD D
30 ??? D C FROG EPNF D FROG
31 Our Cipher To encrypt, we shift the alphabet by 13
32 Modern Ciphers have Two Parts ALGORITHM: A Scrambling/Descrambling Rule For Alice and Bob: shifting the alphabet KEY: A shared secret For Alice and Bob: the amount of the shift Agree on a specific value!
33 A Cipher Disk
34 History These cipher disks were used during the American Civil War Confederate Army Reproduction based on a Confederate cipher disk shown in The Codebreakers, (David Kahn, Scribners, 1996) Union Army From the Gettysburg Battlefield Museum, U.S. National Park Service
35 A Cipher Disk Shift 1 letter for the Add One cipher
36 A Cipher Disk Shift 3 letters for the Caesar cipher
37 A Cipher Disk Plain text on the outside Cipher text on the inside
38 A Cipher Disk The disk provides the algorithm The shift provides the key
39 A Cipher Disk A Substitution Cipher
40 Letters as Numbers
41 Our Cipher Algorithm P+S=C
42 Our Cipher Algorithm P+S=C A = 1, B = 2, C = 3 Add 1 Cipher S = B = 2 P = C = = 5 = E but, D follows C!
43 Letters as Numbers A 1 A =0
44 Letters as Numbers A = 0, B = 1, C = 2,... Y = 24, Z = 25.
45 Our Cipher Algorithm P+S=C = 5 C + D = F
46 Our Cipher Algorithm P+S=C P+S - S=C- S P=C- S
47 Our Cipher Algorithm P+S=C X=23, Y=24, Z=25 How do we encrypt XYZZY?
48 A Cipher Disk XYZZY ABCCB
49 Clock Arithmetic Start time: 7:00
50 Clock Arithmetic Start time: 7:00 End: 7 hours later End time: 2:00 14:00?
51 Clock Arithmetic Start time: 7:00 End: 42 hours later 1:00 12 and End time: 49 keep the remainder = 4, remainder = 1
52 Modular Clock Arithmetic Clock Time = (Now + Length) mod 12 (7 + 42) mod 12 = 1
53 Cracking the Cipher Key
54 A COLD! B DPME
55 Cipher Disk: simple substitution cipher B DPME A COLD
56 Cipher Disk: B DPME A COLD
57 Zfmebop efab qeb jbxkfkd lc qbuq
58 Other Most Common Vowels Letters (a, i, o)
59 Zfmebop efab qeb jbxkfkd lc qbuq Most frequent Very frequent from
60 Ciphertext B = Plaintext E? Zfmebop Ciphers efab hide qeb the jbxkfkd of lc meaning qbuq text
61
62 Software Players in this Production: DAZ Studio 4.6 Pro, by DAZ 3D Keynote by Apple, Inc. Sadie and Sam for Genesis, by 3D Universe Saddle Oxfords for Genesis, by blondie9999 Interiors the Classroom, by Maclean Rock_it Bundle, by SilvaAnt3d Anime School Girl Uniform, by Bobbie25 Japanese School Uniform for boys, by Sickleyield Clock face by markroth8 from openclipart.org Frequency Analysis from from codebreaking/frequency-analysis.php
63 Copyright 2013 Cryptosmith Institute
64 Grade School Crypto Part 2 Dr. Rick Smith, Cryptosmith October, 2016
65 What We ll Learn About Mono-alphabetic ciphers Trouble with Caesar-like ciphers Scrambled alphabets Symbol alphabets Decrypting/Solving an alphabet
66 Alice Bob
67 A COLD! B DPME Eve
68 A Cipher Disk We pick a cipher to use by setting the inner disk
69 A B C D E F G H I J K... B C D E F G H I J K L... A CFUUFS BETTER DJQIFS? CIPHER? B
70 A Simple Substitution Cipher Ciphers Zfmebop hide qeb the efab meaning lc of jbxkfkd text qbuq
71 A B C D E F G H I J K... J D I H F K A C E B G...
72 A Better Cipher A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z J D I H F K A C E B G R M X Z L U N P Y O T Q S W V J DFYYFN IELCFN
73 Symbol Alphabets A' 2""234-5(23!"#$$#%&'()#% *(+))+,-./0+, BETTER CIPHER
74 Symbol Alphabets 53++!305))6*;4826)4+.)4+);806*; 48!8`60))85;1+(;:+*8!83(88)5*!; 46(;88*96*?;8)*+(;485);5*!2:*+ (;4956*2(5* 4)8`8*; );)6!8)4++;1( 9;48081;8:8+1;48!85; 4)485!528806*81( 9;48;(88;4(+?3 4;48)4+;161;:188;+?;
75 Symbol PigpenAlphabets Cipher A B C D E F G H I ABC BIG FEED FEED BIG
76 Pigpen Cipher J. K. L. M.. P N.. Q O.. R A COLD COLD A
77 Pigpen Cipher Ciphers Ciphers hide the the hide meaning meaning of text text of
78 Cracking Alphabets
79 NFFU BU MEET AT AT MEET UIF QBSL THE THE PARK PARK
80 NFFU BU UIF QBSL
81 THE PARK!
82 Recognizing Patterns MEET AT THE PARK NFFU BU UIF QBSL RUUC WC CTU NWFB ZRRG NG GUR CNEX PHHW DW WKH SDUN
83 Cracking Symbols 53++!305))6*;4826)4+.)4+);806*; 48!8`60))85;1+(;:+*8!83(88)5*!; 46(;88*96*?;8)*+(;485);5*!2:*+ (;4956*2(5* 4)8`8*; );)6!8)4++;1( 9;48081;8:8+1;48!85; 4)485!528806*81( 9;48;(88;4(+?3 4;48)4+;161;:188;+?;
84 Letter Frequencies E T From The Gold Bug From typical English
85 From The Gold Bug 53++!305))6*T4E26)4+.)4+)TE06*T A3OO!30A))6*T4E26)4O.)4O)TE06*T 53++!305))6*;4826)4+.)4+);806*; 53OO!305))6*TAE26)AO.)AO)TE06*T 4E!E`60))E5T1+(T:+*E!E3(EE)5*!T 4E!E`60))EAT1O(T:O*E!E3(EE)A*!T 48!8`60))85;1+(;:+*8!83(88)5*!; AE!E`60))E5T1O(T:O*E!E3(EE)5*!T 46(TEE*96*?TE)*+(T4E5)T5*!2:*+ 46(TEE*96*?TE)*O(T4EA)TA*!2:*O 46(;88*96*?;8)*+(;485);5*!2:*+ A6(TEE*96*?TE)*O(TAE5)T5*!2:*O (T4956*2(5* 4)E`E*T40692E5)T)6 (T49A6*2(A* 4)E`E*T40692EA)T)6 (;4956*2(5* 4)8`8*; );)6 (TA956*2(5* A)E`E*TA0692E5)T)6!E)4++T1(+9T4E0E1TE:E+1T4E!E5T!E)4OOT1(O9T4E0E1TE:EO1T4E!EAT!8)4++;1( 9;48081;8:8+1;48!85;!E)AOOT1(O9TAE0E1TE:EO1TAE!E5T 4)4E5!52EE06*E1(+9T4ET(EET4(+?3 4)4EA!A2EE06*E1(O9T4ET(EET4(O?3 4)485!528806*81( 9;48;(88;4(+?3 A)AE5!52EE06*E1(O9TAET(EETA(O?3 4;48)4+;161;:188;+?; 4T4E)4+T161T:1EET+?T ATAE)AOT161T:1EETO?T 4T4E)4OT161T:1EETO?T
86 From The Gold Bug Letter Frequencies ETAO INSH From typical English
87 From The Gold Bug A3OO!30A))INT4E2I)4O.)4O)TE0INT A3OO!30A))6*T4E26)4O.)4O)TE06*T A3OO!30ASSINTHE2ISHO.SHOSTE0INT 4E!E`I0))EAT1O(T:ONE!E3(EE)AN!T 4E!E`60))EAT1O(T:O*E!E3(EE)A*!T HE!E`I0SSEAT1O(T:ONE!E3(EESAN!T 4I(TEEN9IN?TE)NO(T4EA)TAN!2:NO 46(TEE*96*?TE)*O(T4EA)TA*!2:*O HI(TEEN9IN?TESNO(THEASTAN!2:NO (T49AIN2(AN 4)E`ENT40I92EA)T)I (T49A6*2(A* 4)E`E*T40692EA)T)6 (TH9AIN2(AN HSE`ENTH0I92EASTSI!E)4OOT1(O9T4E0E1TE:EO1T4E!EAT!E)HOOT1(O9THE0E1TE:EO1THE!EAT 4)4EA!A2EE0INE1(O9T4ET(EET4(O?3 4)4EA!A2EE06*E1(O9T4ET(EET4(O?3 H)HEA!A2EE0INE1(O9THET(EETH(O?3 4T4E)4OT161T:1EETO?T 4T4E)4OT1I1T:1EETO?T HTHESHOT1I1T:1EETO?T
88 From The Gold Bug A3OO!30ASSINTHE2ISHO.SHOSTE0INT AGOODGLASSINTHEBISHOPSHOSTELINT HE!E`I0SSEAT1O(T:ONE!E3(EESAN!T HEDEVILSSEATFORTYONEDEGREESANDT HI(TEEN9IN?TESNO(THEASTAN!2:NO HIRTEENMINUTESNORTHEASTANDBYNO (TH9AIN2(AN HSE`ENTH0I92EASTSI RTHMAINBRANCHSEVENTHLIMBEASTSI!E)HOOT1(O9THE0E1TE:EO1THE!EAT DESHOOTFROMTHELEFTEYEOFTHEDEAT H)HEA!A2EE0INE1(O9THET(EETH(O?3 HSHEADABEELINEFROMTHETREETHROUG HTHESHOTFIFTYFEETOUT HTHESHOT1I1T:1EETO?T
89
90 Software Players in this Production: DAZ Studio 4.6 Pro, by DAZ 3D Keynote by Apple, Inc. Sadie and Sam for Genesis, by 3D Universe Rock_it Bundle, by SilvaAnt3d Pirate and Princess Sea Chests by JGreenlees Cipher tools from Statistics for The Gold Bug by Czech Wikipedia user Utar Frequency analysis from from codebreaking/frequency-analysis.php
91 Copyright 2016 Cryptosmith Institute
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