US Digital TV Business Models [Slides]
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![Bowling Green State University ScholarWorks@BGSU Media and Communications Faculty Publications Media and Communication, School of 4-27-2009 US Digital TV Business Models [Slides] Louisa Ha Bowling](/docs-images/89/98879485/images/1-0.jpg "Green State University - Main Campus, louisah@bgsu.edu Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/smc_pub Part of the Broadcast and Video Studies Commons Repository Citation Ha, Louisa, \"US Digital TV Business Models [Slides]\" (2009).")
1 Bowling Green State University Media and Communications Faculty Publications Media and Communication, School of US Digital TV Business Models [Slides] Louisa Ha Bowling Green State University - Main Campus, louisah@bgsu.edu Follow this and additional works at: Part of the Broadcast and Video Studies Commons Repository Citation Ha, Louisa, "US Digital TV Business Models [Slides]" (2009). Media and Communications Faculty Publications This Presentation is brought to you for free and open access by the Media and Communication, School of at ScholarWorks@BGSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Media and Communications Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@BGSU.
2 In Media Transformation in the Digital Era, Beijing, China, Apil Louisa Ha, Ph.D. Professor and Acting Chair Department of Telecommunications Bowling Green State University Paper presented at Media Transformation in the Digital Era Conference, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, April 27-29, 2009.
3 Digital TV development in the US A mandatory innovation adoption to all full power broadcast TV stations Compete with other countries on TV technology e.g., Japan A more efficient way to broadcast with compression of digital signals Free up the analog airwaves for spectrum auction DTV provides crystal clear pictures and sound, more channels and even free, over the air high definition television (HDTV) for consumers who have HD television sets Interactivity and multicast potential
4 Digital Broadcast Timeline April, 1997 FCC gives broadcasters $70 billion worth of spectrum to broadcast digital alongside analog until FCC also mandates that in 2006 all broadcasts must be fully digital. November, 1998 PBS, ABC, NBC, CBS, and Fox are committed to broadcasting digitally in the top ten U.S. markets (30% of viewers) by Nov. 1. May, 1999 GOAL Broadcasters must have digital channels in top 30 U.S. markets (50% of viewers) FCC kept extending deadlines for the switch due to complaints of broadcast TV stations Latest analog switch off date: June 12, 2009
5 US TV station industry structure All local TV stations. 210 markets defined by Nielsen TV rating company. No central broadcast television. National broadcast networks are suppliers to local TV stations through affiliate relationships. Co existence of commercial and non commercial broadcast TV stations (PBS & religious stations) Commercial TV stations: either broadcast network affiliate (ABC, CBS, NBC, FOX, CW) or independent
6 Digital TV as emerging media No uniform platform for delivery Different units of display: Standard Definition, Enhanced Definition, and High Definition Increasing use due to government s mandatory switch off policy
7 The ACR Model (Ha & Ganahl 2004, 07) Media Structure/ Political System Broadcaster Type (Commercial vs. Non Commercial) Accessibility Content Strategies Revenue Sources Business Models
8 Accessibility of Digital TV Type and number of transmission methods 1) Over the air broadcast 2) Satellite and cable 3) Mobile Phone (open mobile video coalition) Usability and affordability 1) Converter box : convert digital signals to analog signals in analog TV set (government issued $40 coupon to buy converter box) low cost 2) Satellite and cable set top box 3) Digital TV set (high cost)
9 Content Strategies Single channel vs. multicast Low cost vs. High cost content Proven success vs. originality
10 Revenue Single vs. multiple revenue sources Type of revenue sources (direct vs. indirect consumer payment) Advertising/sponsorship (I) E commerce (I) Content Syndication (I) Corporate/government funding (I) Subscription (D) Pay per use/view/download (D)
11 Research Questions What content strategies are used by digital broadcast TV stations in the U.S.? What are the business models of the digital broadcast TV stations in the U.S.?
12 Population As of April 17, 2009, 1655 Stations in 210 U.S. markets, Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico are delivering in digital 1150 Full Power US Broadcast TV stations
13 Two Studies A census of all Ohio broadcast TV stations A national random sample of US broadcast TV stations
14 Sampling Simple random sample of 112 broadcast TV stations in the U.S. from the list of TV stations in Broadcasting and Cable Yearbook.
15 Sources of Information US Federal Communication s DTV Quarterly Activity Reports 388 filed by TV stations TV web sites of the stations Digital TV program guides
16 National vs. Ohio Sample
17 Digital TV Business Models of TV Stations N National Ohio N (%) Branded Content No change, same as analog 45 (68%) Multicast, repackage main channel programs 7 (11%) High Definition only 2 (3%) High Definition and Multicast/repackage main channel 8 (12%) Content Aggregator Multiple network affiliate 4 (6%)
18 FCC DTV education requirement for TV stations A. Run at least 3 PSAs and transition crawls everyday (commercial) OR B. 16 PSAs and transition crawls per week and 1x 30 minute program per quarter and 1x 100 day countdown everyday (commercial) C. Air 180 sec per day consumer education, at least 22.5 minutes per month between 6 p.m. and 12 a.m. AND Run 30 minute DTV related program (non commercial only) D. Additional DTV on air initiatives, TV station web site, outreach efforts such as speaking engagement, community events and other (all broadcasters)
19 Digital TV Promotion Ohio Average Number of PSAs/Quarter (Prime Time)=99 Average Number of PSAs/Quarter (All Times)=333 Av. Number of 30 min educ programs=0.88 (less than 1 per quarter) National Average Number of PSAs (Prime Time)=112 Average Number of PSAs/Quarter (All Times)=380 Av. Number of 30 min educ programs=4.9
20 Examples of Additional Efforts WCPO, WSYX, WTTE, WLMB adopt phone bank for viewers to call in with their questions. WLMB also uses s to reach viewers who have transition problems. WTLM locally produced spot inviting viewers to call the station for help and apply for $40 converter coupon. WLWT takes advantage to youtube.com to post DTV informational video WUPW sends out a monthly DTV transition E-blast to approximately 1800 subscribers.
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