Our library catalog at CIS will help you locate resources on campus

Transcription

1 E E R e s e a r c h G u i d e P a g e 1 EE Research Guide Writing your EE requires you to delve into good resources. There is no reason you should start from scratch; begin by exploring some of the following resources that have been compiled for you. This guide will help you throughout your research project. If you have any questions or need any help, I am available in the library from 7:30-4:30 daily, occasional Saturdays and I can always be reached at ashley.welch@cayintschool.ky or afarr@cayintschool.edu.ky. Using print resources Print resources are valuable tools when it comes to research. However, you live on an island and purchasing/locating a print resource might be easier said than done. Print resources include: books, magazines, journals, newspapers, encyclopedias, etc. Our library catalog at CIS will help you locate resources on campus (it can only be accessed on a school computer) The library catalog for the Cayman Islands Public Library will provide you with other valuable resources (there are several locations around the island) When using the catalog, make sure your search terms are specific. Take advantage of advanced search options. If there is a book that you would like ordered I can take care of it for you. Please submit the attached form to me ASAP and I will see about getting it ordered. These books will be ordered through the library and will become part of the library collection, but can be checked out for the entirety of the EE process. Using Web resources There are many options for search engines on the Web. It is important that you are using search engines that are going to provide valuable and high-end results. Here are a few suggestions. Sweet Search- Ipl2- Google Scholar- Focusing on suggested search engines will help you find valuable resources quicker and easier!

2 E E R e s e a r c h G u i d e P a g e 2 What is a valuable resource? The Internet has loads of information it also has loads of false information. When doing research, it is important that you evaluate the resources you use for accurate and trustworthy information. Apply the five points below to every resource before you begin taking notes. Accuracy. Author and institution that published the page are present. Does it provide contact information? Authority. Your page lists the author credentials and its domain is preferred (.edu,.gov,.org, or.net) Objectivity. Your page provides accurate information with limited advertising and it is objective in presenting the information Currency. Your page is current and updated regularly (as stated on the page) and the links (if any) are also up-to-date and working Coverage. You can view the information properly--not limited to fees, browser technology, or software requirement These points are suggestions they do not guarantee that the resource you are using is trustworthy. Use common sense! Using databases A database is a collection of information. Like Web sites, some databases are more reliable than others. Below is a list of databases that we subscribe to, and others that have proven beneficial by other IB students. EBSCO- Access academic journals, magazines, newspapers, books, reviews, reports, biographies and primary source documents Grolier- Access to reliable magazines, encyclopedia articles and Web sites International Research Education Database- Access journals, books, magazines, dissertations/thesis, reports, conferences, films/broadcasts The Free Library- Online library of books, journals and articles National Archives- Documents and materials created by the US Government If you are having trouble finding your topic on these databases, see Ms Ashley for additional options

3 E E R e s e a r c h G u i d e P a g e 3 Focus your search terms Your search terms can make or break your research. If you are having trouble finding an answer to your research question, it may be too specific. However, if you are having trouble limiting the number of results, your search term(s) may be too broad. Suggestions for developing strong and effective search terms Limit number of words Be descriptive. Focus your search. Be specific Use to focus search. Your search results will contain only the resources which contain the phrase inside the quotation marks Take advantage of advanced search options which utilize Boolean operators (and, or, not) Take advantage of the IB Resources site Many of the links in this guide (and many more) can also be found on the CIS Library IB Resource page- To access this site either use the link given, or on the CIS homepage, click on Academics, choose Library and on the left hand bar under Library, click on IB resources. There you will also find tips for exemplar EE s and additional information categorized by IB subject.

4 E E R e s e a r c h G u i d e P a g e 4 Tips on formatting of the EE This is a focus on a couple of the required sections of the extended essay. Abstract: the purpose is to guide the reader. It should concisely highlight or review the major points covered, along with the content and scope of the writing. Suggestions: Don ts: o Include the Research Question & Thesis o Outline the purpose and method of the paper o Cover the scope of the investigation o Detail limits and boundaries of your research o What you are going to prove in your EE o Outline key resources consulted o Outline the conclusion reached in your EE o Do not commence with "this paper, "this report " or similar. It is better to write about the research than about the paper. o Do not explain the sections or parts of the paper. o Avoid sentences that end in " is described", " is reported", " is analyzed" or similar. o Do not begin sentences with "it is suggested that "it is believed that ", "it is felt that "or similar. In every case, the four words can be omitted without damaging the essential message. o Do not repeat or rephrase the title. o Do not refer in the abstract to information that is not in the document. o If possible, avoid trade names, acronyms, abbreviations, or symbols. You would need to explain them, and that takes too much room.

5 E E R e s e a r c h G u i d e P a g e 5 References and bibliography There is not a prescribed citation format that you must use for the EE; however, the format you choose, must be the one you use consistently throughout your paper. Some of the most common types of citations include: APA MLA Chicago style The Purdue online writing lab proves to be a very helpful site for consultation when citing sources. You may also find EasyBib- and Citation Machinehttp://citationmachine.net/index2.php to be very helpful. These sites allow you to enter the necessary information of a citation, and it creates the citation entry for you. However helpful these sites are, be sure to double check the citations that are created, as they may not be completely accurate. In the next few pages you will find brief guides for APA, MLA and Chicago.

6 E E R e s e a r c h G u i d e P a g e 6 Citing Sources APA References page 1. All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented one-half inch from the left margin. 2. Authors' names are inverted (last name first); give the last name and initials for all authors up to 7 names 3. Lists should be alphabetized by the last name of the first author 4. Capitalize all major words in journal titles. 5. When referring to books, chapters, articles, or Web pages, capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns. 6. Italicize titles of longer works such as books and journals. 7. Do not italicize, underline, or put quotes around the titles of shorter works such as journal articles or essays in edited collections. Single author: Berndt, T. J. (2002). Friendship quality and social development. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, Two authors: Wegener, D. T., & Petty, R. E. (1994). Mood management across affective states: The hedonic contingency hypothesis. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 66, Magazine article: Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, Article in an encyclopedia: Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The new encyclopedia britannica (Vol. 26, pp ). Chicago, IL: Encyclopedia Britannica. Article from a database: Smyth, A. M., Parker, A. L., & Pease, D. L. (2002). A study of enjoyment of peas. Journal of Abnormal Eating, 8(3), Online newspaper article: Parker-Pope, T. (2008, May 6). Psychiatry handbook linked to drug industry. The New York Times. Retrieved from Web page: Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of document. Retrieved from address Online magazine articles: Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Online Periodical, volume number(issue number if available). Retrieved from Need extra help?

7 E E R e s e a r c h G u i d e P a g e 7 In-text citations Short quotes: According to Jones (1998), "Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time" (p. 199). She stated, "Students often had difficulty using APA style" (Jones, 1998, p. 199), but she did not offer an explanation as to why. Long quotes: Jones's (1998) study found the following: Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time citing sources. This difficulty could be attributed to the fact that many students failed to purchase a style manual or to ask their teacher for help. (p. 199) Unknown author: A similar study was done of students learning to format research papers ("Using APA," 2001). Two authors in the same section: (Berndt, 2002; Harlow, 1983).

8 E E R e s e a r c h G u i d e P a g e 8 Citing Sources MLA Works Cited page 1. This page is always going to be the last page of your essay or report. You should type the words Works Cited and center it on the page. 2. Each entry must be complete and accurate. 3. Each entry reads like one long sentence. What this means is that it does not matter where the second line begins in an entry; it begins on the second line only because you ran out of room on the first line. 4. The second and subsequent lines are always indented five spaces. 5. The sources are listed alphabetically by the first word or name of the entry. This first word or name should be what you use in your parenthetical citation. Book with one author: Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science. New York: Penguin, Print. Book with more than one author: Gillespie, Paula, and Neal Lerner. The Allyn and Bacon Guide to Peer Tutoring. Boston: Allyn, Print. Book with no author: Encyclopedia of Indiana. New York: Somerset, Print. Entry in a reference book: "Ideology." The American Heritage Dictionary. 3rd ed Print. Magazine article: Poniewozik, James. "TV Makes a Too-Close Call." Time 20 Nov. 2000: Print. Entire Web site: Editor, author, or compiler name (if available). Name of Site. Version number. Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher), date of resource creation (if available). Medium of publication. Date of access. -Use n.p. if no publisher information is given and n.d. if no date An article in a Web magazine: Bernstein, Mark. "10 Tips on Writing the Living Web." A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites. A List Apart Mag., 16 Aug Web. 4 May Article from online database: Junge, Wolfgang, and Nathan Nelson. Nature's Rotary Electromotors. Science 29 Apr. 2005: Science Online. Web. 5 Mar Need extra help?

9 E E R e s e a r c h G u i d e P a g e 9 In-text citations Citing works within your text (in-text or in-project documentation) To document your sources, cite the author's name and the page number of the source in parentheses at the end of the sentence, before the final period: Lowfat cream cheese can save you 300 grams of fat per year (Valenza 35). If the author's name is used in your sentence, you may just refer to page numbers: Copaset argues yellow simply does not interact well with khaki (45). If you are referring to the whole work rather than a specific section, you may omit any reference in parentheses: Through his work, Berger s main thesis is that by using motifs, organic unity is easier to achieve.

10 E E R e s e a r c h G u i d e P a g e 10 Citing Sources Chicago 1. Label the first page of your back matter, and your comprehensive list of sources, Bibliography (for Notes and Bibliography style) or References (for Author Date style). 2. Each entry must be complete and accurate. 3. Each entry reads like one long sentence. What this means is that it does not matter where the second line begins in an entry; it begins on the second line only because you ran out of room on the first line. 4. The sources are listed alphabetically by the first word or name of the entry. This first word or name should be what you use in your parenthetical citation. 5. Use and, not an ampersand for multi-author entries.

11 E E R e s e a r c h G u i d e P a g e 11 Reference Type Notes--Footnotes & Endnotes [N] Bibliography [B] Parenthetical Text [T] Book: 1 Author 3. David Foster Wallace, A Supposedly Fun Thing I'll Never Do Again: Essays and Arguments (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1998), 45. Wallace, David Foster. A Supposedly Fun Thing I'll Never Do Again: Essays and Arguments. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, (Wallace 1998, 45) Book: 2 Authors 12. Don Tapscott and Anthony D. Williams, Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything (New York: Portfolio, 2006), Tapscott, Don, and Anthony D. Williams. Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything. New York: Portfolio, (Tapscott and Williams 2006, ) Book: Editor or Compiler (instead of author) 7. Bernard O'Donoghue, trans., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (New York: Penguin, 2006), O'Donoghue, Bernard, trans. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. New York: Penguin, (O'Donoghue 2006, 36-7) 4. Noah Baumbach, "The Zagat History of My Baumbach, Noah. "The Zagat History of My Book: Last Relationship," in Secret Ingredients: The Last Relationship." In Secret Ingredients: The Chapter New Yorker Book of Food and Drink, ed. New Yorker Book of Food and Drink, edited by (Baumbach 2007, 409) Contributor David Remnick (New York: Random House, David Remnick, New York: Random 2007), 409. House, Benjamin A. Shaw and Linda S. Spokane, Shaw, Benjamin A., and Linda S. Spokane. Journal Article "Examining the Association Between Education Level and Physical Activity Changes During Early Old Age," Journal of "Examining the Association Between Education Level and Physical Activity Changes During Early Old Age." Journal of Aging and (Shaw and Spokane 2008, 770) Aging and Health 20, no. 7 (2008): 770. Health 20, no. 7 (2008): Popular Magazine Article 11. Jeremy Miller, "The Tyranny of the Test: One Year as a Kaplan Coach in the Public Schools," Harper's Magazine, September 2008, 39. Miller, Jeremy. "The Tyranny of the Test: One Year as a Kaplan Coach in the Public Schools." Harper's Magazine. September (Miller 2008, 39) Newspaper Article 16. William S. Niederkorn, A Scholar Recants on His Shakespeare Discovery, New York Times, June 20, 2002, Arts section, Midwest edition. Niederkorn, William S. A Scholar Recants on His Shakespeare Discovery. New York Times, (Niederkorn 2002) June 20, 2002, Arts section, Midwest edition.

12 E E R e s e a r c h G u i d e P a g e 12 Thesis or 28. M. Amundin, Click Repetition Rate Amundin, M. Click Repetition Rate Patterns (Amundin 1991, 22 29, 35) Dissertation Patterns in Communicative Sounds from the in Communicative Sounds from the Harbour Harbour Porpoise, Phocoena phocoena (PhD Porpoise, Phocoena phocoena. PhD diss., diss., Stockholm University, 1991), 22 29, 35. Stockholm University, Blackburn, William R. The Sustainability 6. Blackburn, William R. The Sustainability Handbook: The Complete Management Handbook: The Complete Management Guide Electronic Book Guide to Achieving Social, Economic and Environmental Responsibility. London: to Achieving Social, Economic and Environmental Responsibility. (London: (Blackburn 2007, 67) Earthscan, Available online at Earthscan, 2007), 67. Available online at Saper, Craig. "Toward A Visceral Scholarship 19. Saper, Craig. "Toward A Visceral Online: Folkvine.org and Hypermedia Scholarship Online: Folkvine.org and Online Ethnography.Journal of e-media Studies, 1, Hypermedia Ethnography.Journal of e-media Journal issue 1 (2008). Studies, 1, issue 1 (2008). (Saper 2008) Article bin/webobjects/journals.woa/2/xmlpage/4/ bin/webobjects/journals.woa/2/xmlpage/4/a article/285. rticle/285. Katz, James E. and Chih-Hui Lai."News 18. Katz, James E. and Chih-Hui Lai."News Item in Blogging in Cross-Cultural Contexts: A Report Blogging in Cross-Cultural Contexts: A Report Online on the Struggle for Voice." Knowledge, on the Struggle for Voice." Knowledge, (Katz and Lai 2009, 98) Database Technology, and Policy, 22, no. 2 (June 2009): Technology, and Policy, 22, no. 2 (June 2009): The New York Public Library, "History," 21. The New York Public Library. "History." Web Site (The New York Public Library) (accessed December 22, 2008). Accessed December 22, Tankboy. "Rockin' Our Turntable: Sonic 17. Tankboy. "Rockin' Our Turntable: Sonic Blog Entry or Comment Youth." Chicagoist. (June 23, 2009). Youth." Chicagoist. (June 23, 2009). (Tankboy 2009) r_turntable_sonic_youth.php. _turntable_sonic_youth.php. Message Amanda Holbrooke, to James McAninch, September 3, Amanda Holbrooke, to James McAninch, September 3, (Holbrooke 2008)

13 E E R e s e a r c h G u i d e P a g e 13 Book Requests Name: Subject: Research question/topic: Books: Title Author