MRI in Clinical Practice

Transcription

1 MRI in Clinical Practice

2 MRI in Clinical Practice Gary Liney With 62 Figures

3 Gary Liney, PhD MRI Lecturer University of Hull Centre for MR Investigations Hull Royal Infirmary Hull UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Control Number: ISBN-10: X e-isbn Printed on acid-free paper ISBN-13: Springer-Verlag London Limited 2006 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and application thereof contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other pharmaceutical literature. Printed in Singapore (BS/KYO) Springer Science+Business Media springeronline.com

4 Dedication For Emma and my kids, David, Rebecca, and Matthew Tomorrow is a new day English Proverb

5 Contents Part I 1: The Basics : Safety : Scan Parameters and Image Artifacts : Quality Assurance Part II 5: Brain and Spine : Breast : Abdomen and Pelvis Liver MRCP Prostate Gynecology : Cardiac MRI : MR Angiography : Musculoskeletal MRI Knee Shoulder Hand and Wrist Foot and Ankle Hips Appendix I: Pulse Sequence Acronyms

6 viii MRI IN CLINICAL PRACTICE Appendix II: Miscellaneous A2.1 List of Contrast Agents A2.2 The Transition to High Field Appendix III: Screening Form Index

7 Introduction When I was asked to write this book, my first thought was how was I going to improve on what was already out there? There are literally dozens of enormous volumes covering the everexpanding field of MRI. This rather more concise effort attempts to pull together lots of vital information and condense it down into a simple-to-follow guide. It will be useful for trainees and experienced professionals alike. Part I includes sections covering the basic physical principles behind MRI, quality assurance, up-to-date safety guidelines, and a useful gallery of image artifacts. Part II covers six anatomical sections, illustrating the main areas where MRI is being exploited today, describing both its routine and advanced utilization. The book has been written at a time when more and more sites move from 1.5 to 3.0 Tesla, and the important issues concerning this transition are highlighted. Interspersed throughout the book you will also find some useful hints and tips. The book concludes with an Appendix, including a glossary of the everincreasing (and often confusing) pulse sequence acronyms. Although not intended to replace many of the existing texts, it nevertheless should be a first stop for those seeking clarification or some revision! Gary Liney February 2006 The front cover illustrates the use of MRI from head to toe, showing a 3D reconstruction of the author s brain, a MIP renal angiogram, and a T 1 -weighted image of a right foot. All images in this book were acquired at Hull Royal Infirmary, England, using 1.5 Tesla Philips Intera, 1.5 Tesla, and 3.0 Tesla GE Signa scanners.

8 Acknowledgments I am particularly grateful to the following people: Chris Beadle (volunteer images in 3.1), Martin Pickles (some of the Top Tips and proofreading the anatomical sections), Dr. Muthyala Sreenivas (gynecology), Dr. David Nag (musculoskeletal), and Roberto Garcia-Alvarez (Figures 5.5 and 5.7). Thanks also to the Centre for MR Investigations, Hull Royal Infirmary, and Yorkshire Cancer Research.