Research Skills for Dissertations: 2015

Transcription

1 Research Skills for Dissertations: 2015 Sue Bird Bodleian Subject Librarian Geography

2 The digital architecture facilitating research & study Cloud computing Oxford Libraries Information Platform Cloud computing Data Portals (expanding) On-line data bases Subscription Dbases e-journals e-books Literature & Data Search Engines Course Information Management Research Skills Tool Kits Data Visualisation Tools Data Mining & workflow tools Reference Management Tools Science & Ideas Media Science Oxford PodOxfo Blogs itunes U rd You & Your Devices (and WiFi connection Eduroam, OWL) Data & File Sharing OxFile Policies & Guidelines SoGE Intranet Networking, Communication & Living OUCS Personal Page Note: commercial products cited merely represent commonly used services rather than endorsements

3 This session How to cite sources correctly & therefore avoid plagiarism How to use Reference Management Software SOLO & OXLIP+ Reference works Google Scholar v. Bibliographic Databases Searching Techniques & Keeping up to date

4 Dissertation Techniques

5 Avoiding Plagiarism "...You must always indicate to the examiners when you have drawn on the work of others; other people's original ideas and methods should be clearly distinguished from your own, and other people's words, illustrations, diagrams etc. should be clearly indicated regardless of whether they are copied exactly, paraphrased, or adapted......the University reserves the right to use software applications to screen any individual's submitted work for matches either to published sources or to other submitted work. Any such matches respectively might indicate either plagiarism or collusion......although the use of electronic resources by students in their academic work is encouraged, you should remember that the regulations on plagiarism apply to on-line material and other digital material just as much as to printed material..." Section 9.5 Proctors' and Assessor's Memorandum

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7 Good academic practice So follow the citation principles and practices in place in your subject area, develop a rigorous approach to academic referencing, and avoid inadvertent plagiarism. Be uniform in your referencing system:- Probably use the Harvard system as suggested on the School s web-site but whatever you do use just be consistent

8 Citing your references Just a few of the more common points An article in an online journal which also exists in print should be cited in the same way as print. To cite something which only exists electronically, e.g. a web site, follow special rules which include the date viewed. A specific quote must include the page reference in the citation. (This also applies to tables & diagrams you have taken directly from another source.)

9 Using quotations A specific quote must include the page reference in the in text citation. They must also be enclosed by quotation marks. If you don t then TURNITIN software will ping it back as plagiarism, even if you have given the full reference. THAT means straight to the Proctors a whole load of hassle and a 50 fine!!!

10 TURNITIN

11 Your Bibliographies Not just your dissertation Don t forget your Extended Essays If you are asked for a specific style USE it e.g. Biogeography Option asks for bibliography to be formatted according to the style of the Journal of Biogeography (2013 Finals no-one followed this so marks deducted) How to find a particular style?

12 Citation practice A large number of manuals are available to give guidance and sound practice. 1:Doing a literature review / Chris Hart (London, 1998) [H 62 HAR ] 2:Manual for writers / Kate Turabian (7 th ed. Chicago, 2007) [LB 2369 TUR ] 3:Communicating in geography & the environmental sciences / Ian Hay (3 rd ed. Oxford, 2006) [G 70 HAY ] 4:Cite them right /Pears & Shields (2013 ed.) [LB 2369 PEA] 5: Complete guide to referencing & avoiding plagiarism / Neville (2 nd ed. 2010) available on-line via E.B.L.

13 What s the point of reference managers? 1 Staying organised Collect information about everything you ve read in one place. 2 Saving time Speed up adding citations and creating bibliographies in documents.

14 References / Bibliography Organize your research and manage your database of references Import references from many different data sources including direct from databases like Scopus or Web of Science, or library catalogues like SOLO. Store links to documents pdf s, images, etc. Include citations while you write your paper and format them in a particular style at the touch of a button

15 Software available Many different packages are available The principles are the same but the details are different Variations in price and features

16 Reference Management Systems RefWorks - web based access your records anywhere - free to members of university even after you leave EndNote - works without web access but software needs to be installed on own machine charge of c 95 from IT Services Shop EndNote on the Web - free to members of university, but has limited feature set designed to be used alongside desktop version Zotero, Mendeley, ColWiz, Papers - free software for reference management

17 About RefWorks University subscription Online accessible from anywhere Plugin allows adding references to your Word documents

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19 LibGuide : Reference Management

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25 R.T.Tally is actually the translator of this item

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31 Right-click on this RefGrab-It bookmarklet link

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34 RefWorks Overview Dropdown menus Search your references Quick function buttons Folders list Brief view of references in your collection

35 E-Journals I didn't check for the hard copy - so used to getting online access! I had just googled the article rather than using SOLO, so that was the issue & why I d been asked to login, or use Athens or pay a fee

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37 Newspapers Electronic newspapers Some are freely available. Alphabetic list on OxLIP+ Best source for the Text Only of huge range of newspapers and magazines is Nexis UK. Goes back approximately 10 yrs in most cases and is very current i.e. today s daily news items

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43 Newspapers Electronic newspapers Factiva - from Dow Jones & Reuters Company Business news & challenges, market trends & info. 14,000 + sources inc. local & global newspapers, newswires, trade journals, newsletters, etc. Archive back to languages from 159 countries Dun & Bradstreet company profiles, Reuters Fundamentals, etc.

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47 Legal Resources Jurisdictions, topics, cases etc. Lexis Library WestLaw both UK & US editions But there are a lot more (if necessary ask the Law Library for help)

48 Bodleian Maps Catalogues The main map catalogue is a physical card catalogue in the Map Room, containing records of all of the sheet maps in the collection, together with most of the atlases. The general arrangement is by map scale, but records for maps dated before 1851 and all atlases are arranged chronologically Currently in the process of digitising our physical catalogue and deploying it on SOLO. (c.5000 post-1850 sheet maps & atlases published after 1988)

49 Illustrations Interesting new resource now available Glass Lantern Slides from Oxford collections Naples c Vesuvius Railway early C20th Vesuvius 1923 Historic Environment Image Resource (HEIR)

50 Dissertation Techniques Use SOLO or OxLIP+ to access Reference tools Abstracting and Indexing services

51 Reference Sources General reference tools CREDO Reference : Reference works incl. Dictionaries, encyclopaedias etc International Encyclopedia of Human Geography Dictionaries. OED; Oxford Reference On-line

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55 E-books Reference books Blackwell Reference Online SAGE Reference Online SAGE Research Methods Online Text books EBL (officially) the E-Book Library Oxford Scholarship Online Ebrary Academic Complete NetLibrary now hosted by EBSCOhost Ebook Collection

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60 Subject searching SOLO and Oxford e-journals cover Oxford holdings only by title Better to use specialist indexes covering the world s literature to find articles Access via OxLIP+ Use inter-library loan for items not held in Oxford and not online

61 Bibliographic Databases Excellent for locating journal articles, book chapters & book reviews (NB. References only,) General or specific subject coverage Different interfaces but similar functionality Not tied to library holdings Frequently will provide a link to full text

62 So what about Google? Is it just a search engine? Is it a publisher? or merely a platform, an intermediary? A content kleptomaniac and parasite (- in Rupert Murdoch's famous characterisation ) Or a stunning, hydra-headed incarnation of the zeitgeist? Is it a stunningly resourceful and ingenious servant? or is it on the way to becoming our master? Popham, P. (29/09/2012) The Independent, p. 20

63 Or indeed Google Scholar Let s modify our algorithm so it excludes non-scholarly material (how do we define that?) Let s look at citations so when one article we index cites another one we index, we can move it higher up the relevance ranking But let s not allow: creation of sets / or combining of searches controlled vocabularies info on what is included & what is not / indication of update frequency

64 Databases vs. Search engines Contents are indexed by subject specialists Subject headings Limiting functions e.g. publication types, language Allow you to View Search history Combine searches Mark and sort results Print/save/ /export Save searches Set up alerts Searches done by automated web crawlers No thesaurus / subject headings just free text searching No limiting functions Usually none of these!

65 Bibliographic Databases Abstracting and Indexing Services Vast range. SCOPUS (includes GEOBASE) OVID SP ProQuest Web of Science

66 Search Strategies Boolean logic Truncation Wild cards Synonyms Which language are you using?

67 Boolean connectors AND combines terms to restrict results OR useful for covering synonyms NOT excludes unwanted areas of research

68 Improving Searching Boolean Operators Use Boolean operators AND narrows down OR broadens out Biodiversity AND Amazonia Amazonia Biodiversity NOT excludes Use brackets to group operations Travertine OR Tufa Travertine Tufa Global warming OR climate change (glaci* PRE/5 retreat*) AND ( Global warming OR climate change ) Energy Supply NOT Renewable Renewable Energy Supply

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70 SCOPUS THE bibliographic database for Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

71 SCOPUS Abstract & citation database containing peer-reviewed research literature. 22,000 titles from more than 5,000 international publishers. Now starting to include more book material 55 million records: 29 million records back to 1995 (of which 84% include references). 21 million records pre-1996 which go back as far as million conference papers from proceedings & journals.

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84 Bibliographic Searching Search Tip : 1 Important to remember that although each database covers thousands of journal titles no single database is ever comprehensive. If you are having difficulty finding material on a topic use the keywords you find in any relevant reference and search again.

85 Synonyms & Language Topic = Retreat of the Arctic sea ice Search: A) Arctic sea ice retreat B) Arctic sea ice retreat C) ( global warming OR climate change ) AND ( arctic OR polar OR greenland) AND ice Context : glacial retreat OR glacier melt / decay

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87 Bibliographic Databases ProQuest IBSS: International Bibliography of the Social Sciences Sustainability Science Abstracts Worldwide Political Science Abstracts PAIS International government & other grey literature EconLit Environmental Sciences & Pollution Management

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98 Bibliographic Databases OVIDSP CAB Abstracts natural resources Forest Science - biogeography GeoRef physical geography & geology Zoological Abstracts ( only)

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104 Bibliographic Databases Web of Science/Knowledge : Core COllection Includes Science, Social Science & Arts and Humanities Citation Indexes Citation indexes can be used in the same way as any other abstracting and indexing service. Their extra facility is the option to search the bibliographies of any articles- a citation search. Academics use the citation index to find out who has cited their work.

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116 Bibliographic Searching Search Tip : 2 Take time to explore the various databases & platforms available. Some will be more useful to you than others. Scopus OvidSP ProQuest Web of Knowledge

117 Bibliographic Searching Search Tip : 3 Boolean Logical Operators AND, OR, NOT Proximity operators Adj (literally adjacent); Near(same sentence); With(same field) Field descriptors: AU(author); TI(title); AB (abstract); SO(source or reference); DE (general descriptor) etc are likely to be specific to each database and won t operate in cross searches Combining searches: #1 and #2

118 Other tricks: Use symbols for wildcards and truncation? or $ for a single character globali?ation / globali$ation (is it an s or a z ) * for truncation or variant spellings govern* for governance, governmentality, etc use quotation marks for searching for phrases e.g. resource management

119 Bibliographic Searching Search Tip : 4 Consider subject synonyms & British and US spellings. Apply truncation, usually * to find plurals/alternative word endings and? to replace a single character. Expand search by following hypertext links esp subject headings Use tagging facilities within database to mark articles for printing, ing, downloading or exporting. Authors names: Check the online help for formats. Use the database index to find different forms of author s name, otherwise truncate first initial.

120 Bibliographic Databases Search :- Impact of La Nina and oceanic circulation on climate change ( only) Scopus = 45 articles ProQuest = 33 articles (22 not found by Scopus) Ovid = 27 after de-duplication (adds another 11 to the total) Web of Science = 46 articles (a further 19 unique items) RefWorks de-duplication = 97!!

121 Bibliographic Searching Three ways to keep up to date: Saving and rerunning searches you save a search and run it again in the future. alerts / RSS feeds: Specify a search to be repeated and the results ed to you at chosen intervals or on a continuous basis Select your favourite journal(s) & the database will tell you when the next issue of a journal is available. Citation Alert you will receive an every time a particular article is cited in another WoS or Scopus indexed article.

122 Dissertation Techniques Apart from Bibliographic Electronic Resources there are some factual databases available via OxLIP+ e.g.:- World development indicators, EIU Country Reports, Demographic Yearbook etc. If they are CD-ROM based they may require you to download software

123 GUIDE to RESOURCES

124 Further assistance: This presentation available via WebLearn & on-line More courses available: Other presentations: Guidance for references: referencing.html

125 Dissertation Techniques Your feedback is greatly appreciated Please complete a short

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127 Appendix Results from Google Scholar Record for : Sensitivity of different convection schemes in a) Scopus & b) OVID Record for : Strong sensitivity of Pine Island ice-shelf melting in a) Scopus & b) Web of Science

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137 Databases (Scopus or Web of Science) enable you to: Refine results overview to find the main journals, disciplines and authors that publish in your area of interest. Click on the cited by and reference links to track research trends and make connections. Find out who is citing you or your supervisor, and how many citations an article or an author has received. Use Author Identifier to automatically match an author s published research including the h- index Use Journal Analyzer to provide quick insight into specific journal performance Analyze citations for a particular journal issue, volume or year. Use this information to complete grant or other applications quickly and easily. Use Alerts, RSS and HTML feeds to help you stay up-to-date Data export via bibiliographic managers such as RefWorks, EndNote and BibTeX