PACIFIC LINGUISTICS. Series D - 85 TRAIMTASOL VOCABULARY TESTING IN TOK PISIN

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1 PACIFIC LINGUISTICS Series D - 85 TRAIMTASOL VOCABULARY TESTING IN TOK PISIN Karl J. Franklin Department of Linguistics Research School of Pacific Studies THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Franklin, K.J. Traim Tasol: Vocabulary Testing in Tok Pisin. D-85, viii + 73 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, DOI: /PL-D85.cover 1992 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/crcl initiativ

2 Pacific Linguistics is issued through the Linguistic Circle of Canberra and consists of four series: SERIES A: SERIES B: Occasional Papers Monographs SERIES C: SERIES D: Books Special Publications FOUNDING EDITOR: EDITORIAL BOARD: S.A. Wurrn K.A. Adelaar, T.E. Dutton, A.K. Pawley, M.D. Ross, D.T. Tryon EDITORIAL ADVISERS: B.W. Bender University of Hawaii David Bradley La Trobe University Michael G. Clyne Monash University S.H. Elbert University of Hawaii KJ. Franklin Summer Institute of Linguistics W.W. Glover Summer Institute of Linguistics G.W. Grace University of Hawaii M.A.K Halliday University of Sydney E. Haugen Harvard University A. Healey Summer Institute of Linguistics L.A. Hercus Australian National University John Lynch University of the South Pacific KA. McElhanon Summer Institute of Linguistics H.P. McKaughan University of Hawaii P. Miihlh!lusler Linacre College, Oxford G.N. O'Grady University of Victoria, B.C. KL. Pike Summer Institute of Linguistics E.C. Polome University of Texas Gillian Sankoff University of Pennsylvania W.A.L. Stokhof University of Leiden B.K. Tsou City Polytechnic of Hong Kong E.M. Uhlenbeck University of Leiden J.W.M. Verhaar University of Leiden C.L. Voorhoeve University of Leiden All correspondence concerning Pacific Linguistics, including orders and subscriptions, should be addressed to: PACIFIC LINGUISTICS Department of Linguistics Research School of Pacific Studies The Australian National University. Canberra, A.C.T Australia Copyright The Author Copyedited by Pam Rosser Artwork by Kirk Franklin Printed by A.N.V. Printing Service First Published 1992 Typeset by Anne Rees Bound by F & M Perfect Bookbinding The editors are indebted to the Australian National University for assistance in the production of this series. This publication was made possible by an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fun No royalties are paid on this or any other PacijicLinguistics publication. ISSN ISBN

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE INTRODUCTION v Vll UNIT 1 1 UNIT 2 3 UNIT 3 5 UNIT 4 8 UNIT 5 10 UNIT 6 12 UNIT 7 15 UNIT 8 17 UNIT 9 19 UNIT UNIT UNIT UNIT UNIT UNIT 15 ANSWERS INDEX 65 III

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5 PREFACE The goal of this booklet was originally designed to supplement materials that the Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL) provides for its members who are learning Tok Pisin. These include An Introductory Programmed Course in New Guinea Pidgin by Robert Litteral and Karl J. Franklin, An Advanced Course in Tok Pisin by David Scorza and Karl 1. Franklin, and the Pacific Orientation Course Tok Pisin Language Learning Course (by various SIL staff members). However, it can help any Tok Pisin language learner increase his or her vocabulary and understanding of expressions which may not be encountered on a regular basis. Serious Tok Pisin learners should go on and consult Tom Dutton and Dicks Thomas, A New Course in Tok Pisin (PL, 0-67, 1985). The source which inspired the layout for this manual is from the series published by Hutchinson & Co. (London) called Know Your English (Geoffrey Broughton, 1976). has been adapted for other languages, such as German, as well. I have freely consulted The Jacaranda Dictionary and Grammar of Melanesian Pidgin (Mihalic, 19 77) for help on many examples and illustrations. This excellent dictionary is presently being revised by Frs Mihalic and John Verhaar. I appreciate the many people who have read previous drafts of this booklet and offered suggestions. In particular I would like to thank Stephen Thomas, David Scorza, Robert (Barney) Barnes, Jeff Bailey, Sjaak van Kleef, Kirk Franklin, David Gela and Tom Dutton. My thanks also to Kirk Franklin and Zibborah Alugase of the SIL Media Services Department and to Jim Eliaison of the Academic Publishing Department of SIL for their assistance in the layout of this manual. It Karl J. Franklin Kangaroo Ground, Australia October 1992 v

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7 IN1RODUcrrON People who are learning Tok Pisin often wish to expand their vocabulary. They also need to be aware of various lexical options in a multitude of situations. Sometimes a word or phrase will not quite fit and Tok Pisin learners need to know why the meaning they intended was somehow misse To aid in this learning process we have constructed 15 units in this manual, each with 20 multiple choice statements. These cover all of the vocabulary one is likely to want. There are five choices for each statement, giving a total of 1,500 lexical phrasal or sentence units which the student may consider. There are also a number of questions that test general knowledge about Papua New Guinea, rather than specific instances of Tok Pisin. A few examples are given to test the accepted Tok Pisin spelling. The 'answers' are not prescriptive: Tok Pisin does allow significant variations, but there are limits! The 'answers' section discusses the choices and explains why one answer is preferred over the others. Choices or answers which are questionable are marked with an asterisk (*). The answers have been given in the context of the particular questions that are in focus. The student is generally encouraged to go from Unit 1 to the final Unit before compiling a 'score'. Then, if the final tally averages less than 15 'correct' answers in a Unit, there is need for more work and revision. Those who use this booklet are encouraged to send suggestions for improvements to the. ili vii

8 Franklin, K.J. Traim Tasol: Vocabulary Testing in Tok Pisin. D-85, viii + 73 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, DOI: /PL-D85.cover 1992 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/crcl initiativ

9 UNIT 1 1. A nus is part of a: rop het kus 2. If you kick someone with your leg, you: kik long lek lekim bagarapim niuspepa nos paitim long lek kikim 3. Which of these does not seem appropriate?: wan bel bel isi bel i son 4. If you kirap nogut you are: bel nogut bel tru awakened suddenly lame late disappointed startled 5. The words yau, sangana and pispis all have something to do with: satu poisin danis nogut 6. Which word sounds different from the rest?: hausik bodi paia taia pilaia flai waia 7. Which of these seems inappropriate?: sindaun pin is sindaun nogut sindaun i save 8. Which is another way of saying to put on (putim)?: pasim klos sakim kopi stretimgraun sindaun i stap sindaun namel long subim ka mekim mak Franklin, K.J. Traim Tasol: Vocabulary Testing in Tok Pisin. D-85, viii + 73 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, DOI: /PL-D Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/crcl initiativ

10 2 Traim tasoi 9. When a truck is stalled the men may: painim trak subim trak stapimtrak lukim trak makim trak 10. Baim is to salim as tokim is to: daunim sakim givim painim harim 11. If you raunim pik this means that you: run around it fatten it up measure it surround it run over it 12. Which word does not go with the others'!: sku} ka/enda poret piksa sok 13. Which of these sounds best?: maski i orait askim long maski oraitimmaski i no maski maskim pinis 14. If someone says, Em i sutim bel bilong yu., it most likely means: Someone is examining your abdomen. You have been shot in the stomach. Someone is prodding you with a stick. You are having your leg pulle Someone has really 'gotten through' to you. 15. All of these are names for relatives, but which one is also a kind of shell money?: brata tambu kandere susa papa 16. If you do not understand what someone has said you can say: Yu tok wanem? Yu kolim wanem? Yu bilong wanem? Yu na wanem? Yu spik wanem? 17. What man is called a bosboi?: a driver a clerk a foreman a teacher a principal

11 Vocabulary testing in Tok Pisin If you stand under the shade of a tree, you are in the: pies nating pies kol pies klia pies bung ples hait 19. We can talk about a han of: pik diwai pipia 20. Your kapa is part of your: pes pinga susu banara bung blut bun UNIT 2 1. When a bird sings you hear its: singaut toktok krai kru lap 2. Which of these houses is used as a dispensary?: haus marasin haus sik haus blut haus pepa haus win 3. Hetkela means: a human skull a headache bald to go head first red-headed 4. The words birua, pait and rum gat all have something to do with: mani jas wok of is kot 5. Which two words are written the same in Tok Pisin?: come, comb spade, spit boss, bush a box, to box laugh, cough 6. What does a kapul have on its stomach area?: bekkarim bek hangamapim hauskarim poket paus

12 4 Traim la50/ 7. The woven outside part of the house may be called (especially in the Highlands) the: plang blain dua veranda pangal 8. Pasin haiden means: TOng hambak hevi pasin bi/ong bipo pasin bilong tumbuna 9. These words are similar in meaning, but which would you like to be called: pikinini man boi yangpela man 10. What does a Highlands man call a bailer shell?: nupela man kruhet gam girigiri taut 11. Goap is to kamdaun as apim is to: givim kamapim sarapim 12. What does a tisa do?: skulim pikinini mekim skul kisim skul 13. Which word does not go with the others?: aipas ai iretpela ai i Taun ta lbum lalai Iitimapim daunim mekim sa ve tokim skul ai i hevi ai i pen 14. What does a Highlands man wear to a singsing?: purpur trausis soken tanget mal 15. You owe money if you: kisim dinau bekim dinau givim dinau painim dinau fiksim dinau

13 Vocabulary testing in Tok Pisin What type of house has a grass roof?: hauskunai haus win hauskapa haus man haus pik 17. Bai mi bungim yu long rot. means: I'll find you along the roa We will meet at the road junction. We will join forces to build the roa I'll meet you on the way. We had an accident on the roa 18. Which expression does not seem appropriate with the others?: klaut i pairap gan ipairap klok i pairap 19. Which expression can refer to an undernourished child?: mumu mumut meme 20. If something has finished cooking it is: diwai i pairap tit i pairap mismis musmus kukpinis Ius pas tan s/ek UNIT 3 1. If a man has a rest or takes a holiday he or she has a: 2. wokabaut sindaun gut malojo Which sounds unusual and literal?: hap taim hap tok hap i kam pinistaim lim lim bur hapasde liklikhap 3. Which do you not use as fuel?: ben sin disel petrol masin kerasin

14 6 Traim taso} 4. Which word does not seem appropriate with the others?: winis bris jek 5. Arakain is to wankain as olgeta is to: planti sampela Which word has two very different meanings?: trak sipsip gumi sel saman tupela wanpeja hilt masis 7. The words kirapim bel, kisim bel and givim bel all have something to do with: sickness sex pain 8. The acquitted in a court action can be described as the: kuskus katim taim kotpepa 9. Which is usually chewed but not swallowed'!: galip pitpit kabis 10. What is normally made in a hauskamda?: ka labour pregnancy winim kot wetkot kokonas rop buai kago sutlam bot bet 11. The person who is your companion is your: poroman tumbuna pesman smolpapa rabisman 12. Which word does not seem appropriate with the others?: penim purpur raitim purpur lusim purpur wokim purpur pasim purpur

15 Vocabulary testing in Tok Pisin Han is to pinga as lek is to: fut skru rop 14. Which of these seems inappropriate?: pinga bun baim kot stilimkot mekimkot winim kot bukim kot 15. Which of these is not normally in a hospital?: naip puj [iva asprin/aspro dakta 16. What is it called when a person chops firewood?: bautim paiawut brukim paiawut kaunim paiawut paitim paiawut taitim paiawut 17. What is a letter called?: pepa buk leta 18. A torch (flashlight) is called a: suilam suilait braiilait pas hanrait lam kerosin lambateri 19. If you wanted to say, idiomatically, that you were thirsty you could say: nagatdring bel i drai nagat wara 20. If someone were to taitim bun, he or she literally: stretches his/her legs exercises his/her muscles makes a renewed effort has a muscle cramp walks very fast nek i drai wara i pin is

16 8 Traim taso} UNIT 4 1. All these expressions mean to damage or ruin something. Which do we use when a person is injured?: bagarap olgeta bagarapim em lukim bagarap kisim bagarap painim bagarap 2. When someone is considered superior to someone else, she or he is: nam ba wan long em ap tru long em arapela kain long em 3. Which one of these do you normally not do to a letter?: mekimpas bekim pas raitim pas kamap pas long em antap long em salim pas paitim pas 4. Which word does not seem appropriate with the others'?: pukpuk abus kapul sikau dok 5. Someone wrote, Em asua bilong dispe/a trabe/. She should have written: Em ais bilong.... Em as bilong.... Em ai bilong.... Em autsait bilong... Em arape/a bilong Complete this phrase: man, men, na: pikinini famijj bebi 7. Which of these seems inappropriate?: ai bilong sua ai bilong haus ai bilong sip 8. The opposite of lusim as in lusim mani is: taitim lukim bekim 01 lain wantok ai bi/ong kokonas ai bi/ong botol holim puln/1ll

17 Vocabulary testing in Tok Pisin 9 9. What is an arrow called?: makmak pitpit pekpek supsup tuptup 10. Which of these is not a bird?: kumul palai taragau pato guria 11. Which one of these seems inappropriate?: banisim haus banisim gaden banisim laplap banisim pis banisim sua 12. Which word does not go with the others?: kuka muruk trausel maleo pis 13. The words umben, malaria and pies i gat wara all have something to do with: natnat lain pis haus sik 14. Which water is in flood?: draipela tait hat wara i wara pinis sot win doktaboi 15. When a person goes hunting he normally hopes to find: bembe binen kakalak 16. What do you call the bank of a river?: autsaitiong wara baut long wara gra un long wara 17. Which of these seems inappropriate?: autim laitiong haus autim tok hait autim kiau long kakaruk autim em longpilai autim pasin nogut solwara wara i antap blakbokis PUSI arere long wara wet long wara

18 10 Traim tasol 18. Which is a secret ritual dance?: singsing hait singsing nogut singsing tumbuna sing.\ing Illasalai singsing tambaran 19. Kamap generally means 'to appear' or 'to begin'. Which of these seems inappropriate?: san i kamap buk i kamap sik i kamap 20. The opposite of bihainim is to: larim go pas long frontim maus i kamap tingting i kamap tok bihain long taim bihain UNIT 5 1. What word seems to be used most metaphorically and does not relate to the jungle or woods?: busrot buspaul busnaip pik bilong bus busman 2. Which word does not go with the others'?: yar plang limbum diwai mambu 3. An expatriate man who was preparing himself for a dance said: Mi bilasim singsing. He should have said: Mi bilas long singsing. Mi tok bilas long singsing. Mi laik bilasim singsing. Mi yet bilas bilong singsing. Mi go bilasim en long singsing. 4. Which seems inappropriate?: wanpela taim wanpela rais wanpe/a man 5. Which word has a meaning similar to bilum'!: blok blaus bol wanpe/a de wanpe/a wanpe/a baut bek

19 Vocabulary testing in Tok Pisin Which does not necessarily involve blood?: waitpela blut haus blut karim blut blut i kamap wanblut 7. Complete this phrase kisim i: putim kain kalap kamap kam 8. Which is different?: wilwil skin bilong maleo wei hatwok long holim gris 9. Material you can put on the surface of the road is called: kokonas kokomo karuka kakatu karanas 10. When you fold a piece of cloth you: brukim paitim kamautim samapim pasim 11. What happens when a truck is in an ac cident?: trak i bin bruk trak i bin barn trak i bin trabel trak i bin dai trak i bin spak 12. Which word does not go with the others?: kopi kumu kabis kawiwi kapiak 13. Which two words are related?: we, rot yumi, gumi kakao, kokonas bin, bai em,en 14. If you did not want the person you addressed to go with two of you, you would say: tupela i go em tupela i go mitupela i go mi tasol i go yumi tupela i go

20 12 Traim laso/ 15. If something was still wet, you might say: em wetpujap em wetpeja yet i wara pinis 16. What can you call the feathers on a bird?: fe ta bijong pisin gras bilong pisin pul bilong pisin 17. Which sounds unusual?: singaut bijong dok singaut bilong be/o singaut bilong solwara singaut bi/ong balus singautbilong manmeri 18. What can you call a person who lives alone?: wanpes wanpis wanpeja 19. Which would you probably not eat?: kindam palai binatang 20. What word does not go with the others?: dis windoa bet i gat IVara i stap em wet yet mausgras waitpe/a gras wanlain wanlwus snek demdem botol sia UNIT 6 1. When you stop someone or something froj1llllovin g you: sapim Wlmm putim pasim hukim 2. When someone asks you, Yu no lukim? which could you say?: Nogat, mi no lukim. Nogat, mi ken lukim. Yes, mi no lukim. Yes, bai mi lukim. No, mi no ken Jukim.

21 Vocabulary testing in Tok Pisin Which of these does not have something to do with sleep or sleeping?: pulim nus slipim pinis driman 4. Which of these sounds wrong?: ai i hevi rumslip Tu na faiv em i hamas? Tu na faiv i mekim hamas? Bungim tu wantaim faiv, wanem namba i kamap? Skruim tu long faiv, wanem namba bai i kamap? Kaunim tu wantaim faiv, na hamas i kamap? 5. Which word does not go with the others?: kat laplap su 6. When you are on a boat, which action is incorrect?: goapim rif pulim anka pul strong long pul 7. A rabisman might refer to a: garbage collector beggar masseur taul let kapsaitim wara s/ekim sel gardener collector 8. Which one of these verbs has two very different meanings?: mekim makim pulapim kirapim sarapim 9. When a person carries a small knapsack or pouch it is called a: bokis kes brasbel 10. Which means something quite different?: Em i kaikai buai. Em i dringim sug Em i kaikaim tit. Em i dringim war Em i kaikai smok. mat paspas

22 14 Traim lasoj 11. The words boi, kanaka and manki all have something to do with: wok long nambis taim bilong masta pasin bilong raskel wok long fam lain bilong bus 12. Which of these expressions is not derived from a similar noun?: abusim saksak long pis mipe/a i nogat abus singsing i abus bilong mi abrusim spia bilong em abusim nabaut 01 tok 13. What word refers to the effects of a ringworm on a person's skin?: gnle pukpuk gri/e gri/epis kaskas kaskas gri/e 14. Which two English words are spelled the same in Tok Pisin?: goodbye, good buy horse, hollse sweet, sweat 15. What does a man say if he is attractive to a girl'?: em i laikim mi sampela men i swit long mi mi pundaun long dispe/a meri men bai i kisim mi em i laik kisim meri a pin, a pen season, when 16. If a person tells you that he or she wants to see you bihain taim, you could visit: tum ora asde hap asde nau o/taim 17. Which word cannot describe passing something Ollt?: givim skelim peim 18. Which of these words means 'a liar"): krungut kruhet kranki hipim ti Ii I1l pretlllilll kusai

23 Vocabulary testing in Tok Pisin What is likely to be found in a desk?: raun plak klok rula lap 20. Which word does not go with the others?: gra un klaut ples daun nambis maunten UNIT 7 1. If you smell something you: pilim smel lukim sll1el karim smel kukim smel harill1 smel 2. To mekim marila can be to: givim men wantaim kaikai painim mani long laki kisim pis long sall1pe/a bin toktok pulim kina na 01 pik abrusim birua long ka 3. Which of these is not a machine of some kind?: masin bilong lait boamasin masin bilong rait motabaik masin bilong sep 4. Which of these does not mean 'a plant of some kind '?: 5. grasnating gras bilong solwara gras nogut gras nil gras bulmakau Which of these means 'to cross a stream'?: brukim wara brukim baret brukim kanda brukim graun brukim plang 6. Which word does not go with the others?: yaupas bel i bruk pekpek wara skin i wara kus

24 16 Traim laso/ 7. Which of these seems wrong?: bjesim toktok autim toktok nijim toktok 8. What describes the noise which thunder makes?: klauti singaut kjauti Jait klauti tudak 9. Which two words are not related?: singautim, tokim nogutim, bagarapim tanim, bautim 10. A prostitute is called a: pukpukmeri grijemeri pamukmeri 11. The main road between Lae and Hagen is called: hi/rim toktok senisim toktok klaut i pas klauti pairap sikrapim,lusim bringim, kisim wokmeri dok meri draipeia rot ro1 koiti/ taun pies rot Iwilens hailve bikrot 12. Which of these means that the month is over'): mun i nogatiait mun i dai pinis mun i ova 13. Which of these is the 'real' mother?: draipeia mama mama giaman mama antap 14. Which of these is not a natural open area?: pjes waisan pjes kunai pjes kjia nogat mun mun i doti pinis gutpeia mama mama i karim em pjes tais pies baius 15. Someone who has missed the path he or she intended to take has: pasim rot abrusim rot misim rot 16. Givim is to skelim as Iukim is to: metaim gjasim tilim lukim rot slvisim rot kostim bungim

25 Vocabulary testing in Tok Pis in Which expression does not go with all the others?: planim taro planimman planimmak planim pos planim ka 18. Choose the sentence which the government would probably like best: Yumi mas sambai long wok bilong gavman. Yumi mas abrusim wok bilong gavman. Yumi mas karim wok bilong gavman. Yumi mas helpim wok bilong gavman. Yumi mas sanap long wok bilong gavman. 19. Which one of these could you do with the karuka in the Highlands: welim long singsing bilasim skin wokim let pasim pik long gaden samapim mat 20. Which one of these men will you no longer find in PNG?: man bilong pait man nogut man bilong kaikai man i save kaikai man man bilong long we pies UNIT 8 1. If someone is cut by a knife, which can you say?: blut bilong em i ran gut blut i kamap em i bin helpim blut em i bin katim blut blutran i kam 2. Which is the more modern term for a pen?: stik ingpen pensil 3. Instead of i no bikpela tumas you can say: i liklik i bikpela sampela i bikpelaliklik i bikpela nating i bikpela pinis bairo sok

26 18 Tra im tilsoj 4. Which two words are spelled the same?: a root, a rut a bomb, a collision a bus, the jungle a vegetable, past tense a dish, dust 5. Which of these is usually colourless?: spirit yot susu wej ben sin 6. Which of these cannot run?: wara man diwai pikinini bjut 7. What word does not belong in the same meaning group as the others?: kukim Jilll buill gaden banis baret 8. Which does a teacher use in class?: bun gumi kaskas tamiok kaswel 9. Which of these seems wrong?: paia idai mi dai long smak sik i dai ensin i dai pinis mekim dai redia 10. Which of these cannot pairap?: muruk bam masket bel kjaut 11. What is it called when a person jumps across something?: galip kajapim kikim 12. Which do you not do to gip?: kaikai dringim brukim pundiluj1 krosilll kapsaitim givim

27 Vocabulary testing in Tok Pisin Which word does not go with the others?: rip pangaj sojwara nambis tn/eo 14. All these are buildings: which would you not expect to find in a town?: haus dring haus bjut haus kat 15. Where can you not have a pain?: nek maus pis pis 16. Which of these is not a river in PNG?: Yalibu Sipik Fiai 17. What is an exercise book called?: sekbuk kukbuk pasbuk 18. What is a female cousin often called '!: susa pikinini meri bra tameri 19. Which word does not go with the others'!: toktok long tingtinglong driman long 20. Which of these is not a town in the Highlands'!: Kainantu Kerowagi Tari haus kalabus haus lotu bun wasket Asaro Ramu debuk skulbuk lain meri kandere meri sekan long lukluk long Tim be Mendi UNIT 9 1. What would you not ordinarily mix with rais'): mit pis yambo kumu kabis

28 20 Traim taso/ 2. When you hire a taxi you should inquire about the: fi spes pe rot taia 3. A peeping Tom can be called 'man bilong ': luk stil luksi stilimmeri luksave lukluk nogut 4. Which of these does not describe what can happen in an earthquake?: skru i guria graun i guria bel i guria guria i bagarapim haus skin i guria 5. Which expression does not go with the others?: samting bilong gra un posin i kol pinis mekim posin long en wokim posin long birua autim posin long When you speak slowly you: tok isi tok isi isi tokkranki mauswara toktok i go 7. The words or expressions Kristen, amamas and man bilong tupela maus all have something to do with : kot lotu skul 8. Which word is spelled incorrectly?: Rom Colosi Galesia 9. If someone puts a pencil in a sharpener he is: pointim balaisim sapim 10. If someone is about to die, you can say: lair i klostu dai dai bijong em i kamap 10.'lin Ta itas Pita saripim rapim

29 Vocabulary testing in Tok?isin 21 dispeja pasin i dai pinis em i Jaik i dai em redi nau 11. What does a teacher call his or her pupils?: olmanki oj boigej ojpikinini 01 skul 01 sumatin 12. Which man has probably spent too much time at the hausdring?: hambakman spakman pasindia 13. The eye of a needle is called: bej bijong nil ai bilong nil huj bijong nij man nogut man bilong kaikai maus bilong nil holim bilong nil 14. The day after tomorrow is called haptumor What is the day before yesterday called?: tupeja asde asde pinis asde bihain 15. The sailors on the ship are the: lain sojwara botlain boskru 16. When a man and wife divorce they: brukim ring bagarapim marit marit nating 17. What is a person's footprint called?: mekim mak putim mak sanapim mak 18. Which man is not working?: man i haisim man i lukim man i hamaim 19. Which word does not go with the others?: donki lang spaida asde hap hapasde botkru siaman rausilll marit brukimmarit mak bilong lek mak nating man i praim man / am/ill rat snek

30 22 Traim wsol 20. Hensapim is the word for:. a salute an appeal an answer an inspection a hold up UNIT What does a pastor do in a church?: eramaurim tok litimapim tok telimautim tok aurim tok kamapim tok 2. If you ask someone to remove the contents of a mumu, what do you say?: pasim mumu opim mumu ra usim mumu bosim mumu katim mumu 3. What was a luluai?: a festival decorative wreath church leader ceremonial house government leader 4. The middle part of the road is the: namel spes nating buk antap liklik maunten 5. Girigiri, gam and kina are all: money sickness decorations food sea creatures 6. Which makes the most sense to you?: Rong yu ken lusim long low. Traim i winim rang. Traim i kamap pastaim. Rong i bihainim traim. Traim yu ken painim long /otll. 7. Which would a man be unlikely to wear to a singsing in the Highlands?: paspas let kanda tanget wpwp bis

31 Vocabulary testing in Tok Pisin Which word does not go with the others?: banara sups up spia 9. What is it called when a net is cast?: hap plang kambang hukim pis long wara tromoi umben long wara pulim waia long wara kapsaitim bot long wara kirapim net Jong wara 10. Sipsip is to meme as kapul is to a: muruk dok hos 11. Which word describes all the others?: bilas bis.'lei 12. Which can mean 'to extend' something?: karim i go skruim i go pulim i go e. mumut sikau paspas maus bilong kokomo tilim i go pamim i go 13. When someone says, "look a musmus", he is showing you a: bandicoot motley colour male goat (a ram) bedbug big mess 14. The words or expressions pik, kina and sensim in the Highlands all have something to do with: bisnis moka gaden tambaran hausman 15. All of these include the meaning of 'to pour something', but which one is only half full?: pulapim sampela pulapim liklik pulapim hap 16. Sik is to skin i hat as malaria is to: skin i nogut skin i pen skin i dai pulapim namel pulapim gut skin i kol skin i guria

32 24 Traim liisol 17. Which is correct?: sua i sting sua i smel sua i blut 18. If you wrap a kina (pearl shell) in bark you: karamapim kina long diwai skin karamapim kina long skin diwai karamapim kina long hap diwai putim kina insait long skin diwai haitim kina insait iong diwai skin sua 1 ran sua i tantanim 19. Which word or expression does not go with all the others?: bilum pasim long kanda rap bilong diwai ra usim skin pipia painim long bus 20. Which of these seems wrong?: bokis diwai bokispam bokis ais bokis mani bokis nating UNIT Which of these is wrong?: bun bi/ong muruk kom bilong muruk kapa bilong muruk 2. A kumul is a kind of: moran pisin kapul 3. Bembe is another word for: pikinini pusi blakbokis bataplai 4. Mangalim is to stil as pulim meri is to: tra bel rang toktok nogut nok bilong muruk tel bilong muruk balus paul rat laus brukim marit bagarapim 5. If you make something into a bundle it is a:. mekpas paspas meknais matmat bun" b

33 Vocabulary testing in Tak Pisin Which of these cannot describe someone yelling?: krai singaut mausgan bikmaus bikma usim 7. If a battery is not charged it is: daun bagarap aut pinis kol 8. Which word describes all the others?: swit loli suga muli sol 9. If a person is called Raka, what Province is he likely to come from?: Sepik Southern Highlands North Solomons Oro Cenrral 10. A Highlands person with a light-coloured skin may be called?: hapkas waitskin retskin 11. What are twins called?: tupela tru tupela wankain tupela wanmama Iwpskin waitman tupela wantaim tupe/a semtaim 12. If you turned a stone end over end several times, which would you say?: wilwiiim i go tantanim i go ra unraunim i go 13. Which word does not go with the others?: anian solap bret 14. Which one has been lucky?: Samting bilong mi! Abus bilong mil Kas bi/ong mi! hipapim i go tekeweim i go yis plaua Laki bilong mil Askilll bilong mil

34 26 Traim (<ISO I 15. A hunter may be cajled a: peman sutman abusman 16. What is a manta?: newly married person something used as a love ChaIl11 a type of sago thatch the edible fruit of pandanas an edible nut 17. What do you do with masis?: laitim hatim slekim 18. Where are the dead buried?: makmak pitpit saksak busman musketman rapim brukim mismis matnwt 19. The words pen, banis and bun ajl have something to do with: sik nogut skirap sotwin 20. Which word does not go with the others'): tait krobu si SliSli i so/up /elva i :';lit biksi rai UNIT Which of these can be eaten?: tabak swet ta/ata/a 2. A successful pupil would probably not say: Mi smat tru. Mi winim tes. Mi winim traim. Mi save pinis. Mi antap pinis. taragau dewe/

35 Vocabulary testing in Tok Pisin What would a Highlands man not do with a pig?: baim meri long narapela lain skelim long 01 wantok hangamapim wasket long haus man banisim long gaden pasim long strongpela rap 4. Which of these sounds wrong?: tanim sup tanim bel tanim smok 5. Complete this phrase most naturally: Taim bilong... : longtaim dai gutpela 6. Which of these seems wrong?: tok bokis tok wara tokgumi tanim tok tilnim nek wanpela nogut tok bilas tok gris 7. Which of these are you more likely to find in a schoolyard?: plak plang sok 8. Which of these cannot be made using kanda'): bet sia ambrela sia blakbot 9. What is the name of a person who looks after an office?: draiva saveman bisnisman paspas/hanpas let kuskus kamdaman 10. Which man is most likely to live in the East New Britain Province? Toliman Kila Pokawin 11. Which is not a mountain in the PNG Highlands?: Giluwe Ramu Wilhelm Kilage Yalibu Elimbari Hagen

36 28 Traim taso/ 12. If you fire someone you: daunim sakim nogutim pajrlilj raus1i If you tell someone their baby is getting bigger you may say: bebi em bikpela nau bai pikinini i gro tru bebi isave kamap nau pikinini i bikpela nau pikinini i go i go nau 14. Which does not go with others?: oltaim oltaim narapela narapela wande wande aide aide wan wik wanwik 15. If you tell someone he/she should 'go pasti/im ' he/she will go: later again afterwards sometimes first 16. If someone tells you to work until he/she comes back he/she would say: inap long long ta im bihain long inap long ti/ im long dispe/a taim 17. The words rabis, Japun and pipia can all have to do with something: well-used garbage old compost useless 18. What word does not go with all the others'?: rokrok puspus musmus 19. What does krungutim tok mean'?: repeat misquote swear 20. One way of saying 'to wink' is: hatim ai apim ai wokim ai e'. nlltnat meme accuse joke iugns btl/kim ai

37 Vocabulary testing in Tok Pisin 29 UNIT A person who is driving a car and speeding may be described as: pamimpetrol givim siksti spitim ka go kwiktaim mekim go fas 2. Anything elastic may be caiied a: raba ilastik gumi bol wei 3. If the ground is fertile it may be described as: i gat wel i gat gris i gatkaikai i gat malumalu i gat strong 4. Any of the Jacaranda (Poinciana) type of tree may be called: milo mannar mareo muli stik masis 5. Which term generally refers to someone who is very poor?: kusaiman poroman bulsitman 6. A parcel of sago may be called: mekpas saksak saksak bung karamap saksak lesman rabisman 7. Which word refers to someone who works ill an office?: kaskas kuskus kauboi 8. If a person is reading a book you can say: Em lukim buk. Em ritim buk. Em kaunim buk. Em spelim buk. Em lukluk long buk. draipe/a saksak saksak tait karanas kakalak 9. If you were a male, your mother's brother's son would be called your: kasin brata kasin brata arasait brata kandere

38 30 Tra im taso/ 10. If someone 'breaks wind' this is called: kapupu asting smel nogut 11. If a house is standing, but not erect, you can say: Haus i bruk pinis. Haus i kapsait liklik. Haus i kamdaun nau. Haus i laik pundaun. Haus i bagarap. mekim win pasin nogut 12. The phrase holim bilong kap can most naturally be related to: hankap kap bilong ti han bilong kap hauskapa kap bilong hohm 13. Which of the following expressions does not nom1ally belong with the others?: git bilong kanu plang bilong kanu stia bilong kanu bris bilong kanu susu bilong kanu 14. Which of these refers specifically to your thumb?: papa pinga patpe/a pinga draipe/a pinga mama pinga nambawan pinga 15. What is someone's windpipe normally called?: paip bilong nek win bilong nek pul bi]ong nek rot bilong nek mambu bilong nek 16. Which of these men would be considered pugnacious?: man bi/ong save man bilong pait man bilong mauswara man bi/ong beten man bilong giaman

39 Vocabulary testing in Tok Pisin Which of these sounds wrong?: lusim tingting lusim anka lusim tok lusim meri lusim pies 18. If you wanted someone to look at a footprint you would refer to a: mak bilong wokabaut mak bijong Jek mak long lek makim long lek makmak longlek 19. Which tells you that a baby's skin is soft?: Skin bilong pikinini i malmalu. Skin bilong pikinini i naispel Skin bijong pikinini i gutpel Skin bilong pikinini i no strong tumas. Skin bijong pikinini i malolo. 20. If you feel tired you can best say: mi les pinis skin i les mi Jaik kisim win mi mas sindaun bodi i laik dai UNIT Which translation is the best for 'Lukaut long dok. ': 2. Find the dog. Look at the dog. The dog is looking for it. Beware of the dog. Search for the dog. Which best describes a person who has been disposed of his/her official position?: Em i bin Jusim opis. 01 i rausim em long opis. 01 i rausim em long wok. Em i pinisim opis. Em i bin lusim namb 3. If your hand is numb you can say: Han bilong mi i slek. Han bilong mi islip. Han bilong mi i dai. Han bijong mi i kol. Han bilong mi i drai.

40 32 Tra im (<ISO) 4. Which of the following means 'to be barefoot '?: nogat su lek nating lek tasal su saken Ius lek mash 5. The difference between lala and lalai is: a wind and a gale a song and a dance a crab and a fish a fish and a shell a grass and a tree 6. Which of these seems wrong?: sapim lap lap brukim laplap pasimlaplap lusim laplap samapim laplap 7. A person who counteracts a spell or chaml would: rausim pais in kalim paisin daunim paisin wakim paisin sakim paisin 8. A person who is twenty years old could best say: Yia bilang mi i twentipe/ Mi twentipe/a nau. Krismas bilang mi i twentipe/a yi Krismas bilang mi i twentipe/ Twentipela krismas i stap lang mi. 9. If the fog is heavy a person may say: Klauti kamdaun. Klaut i hevi. KIa ut i kapsait. Klaut i pas. Klaut i tudak. 10. Which of these seems wrong?: Ren i laik pinis nau. Ren i klastu pinis nau. Ren i baut pinis nau. Ren i klastu pinis. Ren i laik pinis.

41 Vocabulary testillg ill Tok Pisill If someone sees a bikpela lain man it is: a line of men a queue a large crowd of people a column of soldiers a group of tall people 12. Which expression refers to the normal action of the heart?: belo bilong klok klok i pairap hamasklok? klok i dai pinis klok i meknais 13. If you wanted a green coconut for drinking you would ask for: kru bilong kokonas skin bilong kokol1ps wara bilong kokonas kulau susu bilong kokonas 14. Which means that something is done carelessly?: mekimnabaut wok nating wokim kranki 15. Which best describes a caterpi llar?: binatang i stap long bus binatang i gat mosong na planti han binatang bilong saksak binatang i longpela na naispe/a binatang bilong ol pusi 16. Which of these does not normally make a noise?: liklik hap pepa garamutbilong ka brumim halls komim gras kus 17. What is it called when a person stomps on something?: krungutim wilwilim bagarapim wok nabaut stap nating karamapim taitim

42 34 Traim IilSO/ 18. People do the following at a lotu: kilim bel mangalim 01 wetim pasin nogut nogutim narapela man autim asua 19. Which of these is not a tree?: kopi fikus purpur 20. Which of these is second rate?: las wan nambatu namba tu mango kakao sekan wan numb" ten UNIT Who of the following has never been a Prime Minister in PNG?: Hon. Rabbie Namaliu Hon. Michael Samare Hon. Sir Paulius Matane Hon. Paias Wingti Hon. Sir Julius Chan 2. Which expression means 'to beg' from someone?: orait iong pulim askim traim strongim toktok 3. If someone were to supply something you needed, the person has: pupilim apim inapim givim supotim 4. When a particular action has been successful, which can you say?: em givim kaikai em pikinini kaikai em pianim kaikai emkarim kaikai em kaikai wantaim 5. The Ok Tedi gold and copper mine lies mainly in which Provinces?: East Sepik-West Sepik Western-West Sepik West Sepik-Gulf

43 Vocabulary testing in Tok Pisin 35 Western-Gulf Western-Southern 6. Which does not seem correct?: Em katim ka long kon 01 i katim tok kwiktaim. Em katim gras bilong em sotpe/ Yutupela katim marit bilong 01. Em katim han bilong diwai. 7. Which word is not used as an auxiliary (a helping word) with a verb?: tru save ken laik mas 8. Which person do you feel sorry for?: em kisim kaikai em kisim stong em kisim pen em kisim pe em kisim bel 9. The phrase pikinini kakaruk i stap implies that one of these was there previously: kiap kirap kiwi 10. How might you best try to find a criminal?: beten long papa God askim polis long helpim raitim pas long Wantok singautim nem long bikmaus karim presen long kalabus 11. Bangan is to raifel as: hat is to klos spun is to plet hanwas is to klok kiau is to kakaruk mami is to sayor 12. Which of the following is not a PNG newspaper?: Times Wantok Bailens Nius kokeru kii/u Post Courier Hiri

44 36 Tra im taso/ 13. If someone is called a tarangu you would most likely: maski long em sori long em givim mani long em glasim wok bilong em singautiong em 14. Which word means 'competition '?: pait pilai gem kosa resis 15. The sequence pulap:pulapim:pulimapim is correct. Which of the following is also correct?: han:hanim:hansapim kot:kotim:kotapim go:goim:goapim lok:iokim:lokapim san:sanim:sanapim 16. An advertisement says that an item has strongpe/a ia pan. What is the item most likely to be?: smok balus telepon trakta t'. wpa:; pon rep rekota 17. A writer to Wantok newspaper identifies himself as a grasrutmanki. Which is he most likely to be?: wokman raskel kiap 18. The idiom paitim nating kundu most likely refers to: supporting someone asking someone something helping someone arguing against someone thinking abollt something 19. Which are you not likely to find at the market?: daka kango spak brus rebel paitman benk menesa kilwi:lwar hebsen

45 Vocabulary testing in Tok Pisin Which of these is not likely to appear on TV in P G at present?: doti muvi videomuvi mini siris sarere nait muvi katun muvi

46

47 ANSWERS Note that the items marked with an asterisk (*) are either unacceptable in standard Tok Pisin, or can be heard only in very unusual and contrived contexts. Some expressions so marked represent urban dialects, where there is heavy borrowing from English. Abbreviations for the Provinces are as follows: EHP = Eastern Highlands Province, ENBP = East New Britain Province, SHP = Southern Highlands Province, WHP = Western Highlands Provinc UNIT 1 No. 1: het = head; TOp = a vine or root and, by analogy, a vein or artery; kus = a cough or cold; niuspepa = newspaper; nos = nos No. 2: Either paitim long lek or kikim 'to kick with the leg'. The latter is more confined to urban usage; kik long lek has no transitive or instrumental marker on kik; lekim would be something that an expatriate might say; bagarapim = to ru in something. No. 3: bel i sori is a personification of stomach, referring to a person, so is unacceptable; wan bel = unity or agreement; bel isi = to be calm or unexcited; bel nogut might, in some cases, refer to an upset stomach but, more generally it is to be upset about something; bel tru = faithful. No. 4: kirap nogut = startled or surprised; awakened suddenly = kirap long slip kwiktaim; lame = lek nogut, late = bihain or bihaintaim; disappointed = bel i nogut. No. 5: yau = the brain, sangana = the groin area, pispis = urine, therefore all have to do with bodi = the body; poisin = various kinds of sorcery, or to a lesser extent, spells or charms; danis nogut = suggestive type of dance; satu = dice or lots; hausik or haus sik = a hospital. No. 6: flai = to fly, which has a glide I aij at the end of the word; all others have a two vowel sequence of /i/ + tal; paia = fire; taia = tyre; pilaia = a player; waia = wir No. 7: sindaun i save is wrong except in a contrived sense where one could say Dispela kain sindaun i save bagarapim fa mili bilong em. = This kind of behaviour is ruining his family.; sindaun pinis = to have sat down; sindaun nogut = offensive behaviour; sindaun i stap = to be seated, remain seated; sindaun namel long = to sit or live in the midst of someone or some plac 39

48 40 Traim (as01 No. 8: pasim klos = to dress; sakim kopi = to fill a coffee bag or sack; stretim graun = to level out the ground; subim ka = to push a car; mekim mak = to tattoo. No. 9: subim trak = to push the truck; painim trak = looking for a truck; stapim trak = halting the truck for a ride; makim trak = deciding on a truck; lukim trak = looking at a truck. No. 10: harim, i. talking is to hearing as buying is to selling; daunim = to overcome or humiliate someone, to lower or suppress something; givim = to give to someone; sakim = to fire someone; painim = to find something or to look for something. No. 11: raunim = surround it or even chase after it; run around it = ran raunraun long en; measure it = kisim mak 0 sais bilong en; run over it = krungutim; fatten it up = givim kaikai na i gat gris long en. No. 12: poret = forehead; All others are objects which are associated with a school: skul = school; sok = chalk; kalenda = calendar; piksa = pictur No. 13: maski i orait = never mind, it is OK (implying an intonational pause after maski; *oraitim maski, which could only mean something like 'fix up what is avoided'; *maskim pinis, but maski cannot be verbalised; *askim long maski could possibly refer to asking someone about their avoidance; * i no maski does not make sens No. 14: 'Someone has really got through to you.' or 'convinced you' is the most likely meaning; Someone is examining your abdomen. = Em i glasim bel bilong yu.; 'You have been shot in the stomach.' would be a literal (and wrong) meaning from Em i bin sutim yu long bel.; Someone is prodding you with a stick. = Em i holim stik na tromoim han bilong em long yu.; You are having your leg pulle = Em i tok pilai long yu or em i hambak liklik long yu. Literally: Em i pulim iek biiong yu. No. 15: tambu = an in-law, but also a type of small shell used as money; brata = brother, or sibling of the same sex; kandere = a relative on the mother's side of the family; susa = sister, or sibling of the opposite sex; papa = father or sometimes uncl No. 16: Yu tok wanem? = What did you say?; Yu kolim wanem? = What is this called?; * Yu bilong wanem?, should be Bilong wanem? = Why?; * Yu na wanem? could only be found in a sentence meaning something like 'you and what (else)'; * Yu spik wanem? No. 17: the foreman or the one in charge = bosboi; a driver = draiv Draivaboi is colonial in tone; a clerk = kuskus; a teacher = tisa; a principal = hetis No. 18: pies kol; pies nating = empty or uninhabited; pies klifl = an open area; pies hait = a secret area; pies bung = a meeting plac

49 Vocabulary testing in Tok Pisin 41 No. 19: han diwai = a branch of a tree; * han pik should be han bilong pik = the shoulder of a pig; * han pipia; * han banara; * han bung. No. 20: kapa bilong pinga = finger or toenail, also the hoof of an animal; pes = face; susu = breast; blut = blood; bun = bon UNIT 2 No. 1: krai bilong pisin = a bird's call; More common is: singaut, which is also a call or cry, but usually for a bell ringing or a dog barking, or calling out to a person; toktok = talk; kru = a plant seedling or the brain; lap = to laugh. No. 2: haus marasin is literally 'the house for medicine', hence a dispensary; haus sik = a hospital or aid post; haus blut = a menstrual house or hut; haus pepa = an office; haus win = a smaller house without walls. No. 3: hetkela = bald; a human skull = het bilong man or, specifically, bun bilong het bilong man; headache = het i pen; to go head first = pundaun long het, red-headed = retpela gras. No. 4: kot = court, because birua = enemy or accident, pait = fight, and rum gat = cell are associated with kot, mani = money; jas = judge; wok = work; oris = offic No. 5: spet = spade, spit; come = kam, comb = kom; boss = bos, bush = bus; a box = bokis, to box = boksen; laugh = lap, cough = kus. No. 6: paus = pouch is most likely; *bek karim would need to be bek bilong karim = a bag for carrying (something); *bek hangamapim would likewise need bek bilong hangamapim = a bag for hanging something up; haus karim = maternity ward or house; * poket = pocket, if used in urban Tok Pisin. No. 7: blain = woven wall, usually of pitpit or bamboo; plang = a piece of board or timber; dua = door; pangal = sago palm leaves; veranda = porch or outside area of house with a roof on it. No. 8: pasin bilong bipo = the old customs; pasin bilong tumbuna = the ways of the ancestors, is also used, but both and are generally used by church members. A more general word is: rong = wrong; harilbak = fooling around, bragging, et; hevi = heavy, that is sorrow, depression, et No. 9: yangpela man = young man; pikinini man = a son; boi = boy, and often used derogatory manner; nupela man = a new or inexperienced person; kruhet = a blockhea No. 10: gam = bailer shell; girigiri = cowrie shell; taur = conch shell, used for sounding signals; talbum = green snail shell; lalai = trochus shell. No. 11: daunim = to lower or put down. Also to overcome or humiliate someone; givim = to give to someone; kamapim = to initiate or originate something; sarapim = to silence someone; litimapim = to lift something up or to honour someon

50 42 Traim tasa] No. 12: skulim pikinini = teach the children; mekim skul = hold a class, instruct. The teacher could do either. kisim skul = to get a school; mekim save = to admonish or discipline someone; * tokim skul = to tell someone school. No. 13: ai i hevi = to be sleepy; The others have to do with medical ailments: aipas = to be blind; ai i retpeia = conjunctivitis; ai i raun = to be dizzy; ai i pen = to have painful eyes. No. 14: tanget = the victory leaves or shrubs, used as a rump covering; pur pur = grass skirt; trausis = trousers; soken = socks; mal = a loincloth or G string, and therefore not as likely to be worn. No. 15: kisim dinau = to have a debt; bekim dinau = to repay a debt; givim dinau = to make a loan; painim dinau = to look for a loan; *fiksim dinau. No. 16: haus kunai = house with a grass roof; haus win = temporary house without walls; haus kapa = house with an iron (metal) roof; haus man = a house where the men reside; haus pik = a house for the pigs. No. 17: I'll meet you on the way. = Bai mi bungim yu long rot.; I'll find you along the roa = Bai mi painim/ lukim yu long rot.; We will meet at the road junction. = Bai yumi bung long rot long pies i go long tupela hap.; We will join forces to build the roa = Yumi bung wantaim long wakim rot.; We had an accident on the roa = Mipeia bin kisim birua long rot. No. 18: diwai i pairap = the tree exploded, which would not make sense unless it fell down and made a crashing noise; klauti pairap = it thundered; gan i pairap = the gun went off; klok i pairap = the alarm went off; tit i pairap = (someone's) teeth are chattering. No. 19: musmus = a bedbug, but also an idiom for an undernourished child; mumu = an earth oven; mumut = a bandicoot or large bush rat; meme = a goat; mismis = a clan brother (not widely known). No. 20: kuk pinis = done cooking; Ius = lost; pas = a letter, or to be stuck; tan = done, but generally in urban TP; slek = loos UNIT 3 No. 1: majojo = a rest, free time; wokabaut = a trek, visit somewhere; sindaun gut = be at peace, no outstanding problems; pinistaim = complete a contract; lim lim bur = to stroll, take leav No. 2: hap taim = half tim Could be used in urban contexts but would be very restricte hap tok = specific part of a discussion; hap i kam = the side which is closest; hapasde = the day before yesterday; likiik hap = a small portion.

51 Vocabulary testing in Tok Pisin 43 No. 3: masin = a machine; bensin = petrol or gasoline; disel = diesel fuel; petrol = gasoline, in urban areas; kerasin = kerosen No. 4: jek = a jack for a vehicl All others can be used as nautical terms: winis = a winch; bris = a jetty or a wharf; sel = a sail; saman = an outrigger. No. 5: arakain = something different; wankain = the same; olgeta = all of them. Therefore 'something different' is to 'the same' as 'all of them' is to 'one of them' = wanpela; planti = many; sampela = some of them; 01 = they or them; tupela = two of something. No. 6: hat = hot or hat. In urban areas also 'heart'; trak = tractor, not a track; sipsip = sheep; gumi = rubber or plastic; masis = matches. No. 7: kirapim bel = sexually arouse (also bel j kirap); kisim bel = become pregnant, conceive; givim bel = to impregnate; sickness = kisim sik; pain = pilim pen or,. if intense, karim pen; labour = karim pikinini (also to give birth); pregnancy = i gat bel. No. 8: winim kot = acquitted; kuskus = a clerk (also klak); katim taim = dismissed or reduced sentence; kotpepa = summons or warrant; wetkot = awaiting trial or remande No. 9: a cluster of betel nut = rap buai; galip = generic name for any kind of nut; pit pit = a type of edible cane or wild cane which is split and woven for walls; kabis = cabbage; kokonas = coconut. No. 10: haus kamda = joinery, therefore bet = bed; ka = car; sutiam = torch or flashlight; kago = cargo, that is any kind of goods; bot = boat. No. 11: poroman = close friend or mate; tumbuna = ancestor; pesman = spokesman; smolpapa = paternal uncle; rabisman = a poor man, usually loathed in some way. No. 12: *raitim purpur = write on a grass skirt; penim purpur = to dye a grass skirt; lusim purpur = to have a skirt fall off; wokim purpur = to make a grass skirt; pasim purpur = to put on a grass skirt. No. 13: han = hand or arm is to pinga = finger as lek = leg or foot is to pinga = toes; fut = foot in urban areas; skru = joint; rop = vein or tendon; bun = bon No. 14: * stilim kot = to steal the court. Bribe would be grisim kot or grisim jas, et; baim kot = to be fined; mekim kot = conduct court proceedings; winim kot = successful in court; bukim kot = schedule court proceedings. No. 15: pul = canoe paddle; naip = knife or scalpel; {iva = fever; asprin/aspra = aspirin or, generically, any unspecified tablet; dokta = doctor.

52 44 Traim laso/ No. 16: brukim paiawut = chopping fi rewood; bautim paiawut = turning the firewood around; kuunim paiawut = counting the firewood; *paitim paiawut = to strike the firewood; *tuitim paiawut = to tighten or pull hard on the firewoo No. 17: pas = a letter or note; pepa = paper; buk = book; leta = letter, especially in urban areas; hanrait = handwriting. No. 18: sut/am = torch or flashlight; * sut/ait; * brait/ait; lam kerasin = kerosene lantern; * lam bateri. No. 19: nek i drai = to be thirsty (literally, the neck is dry); *nogat dring would need to be no gat dring = be without a drink; bel i drai = barren; *nogat wara, similarly would have to be no gat wara = be without water; wara i pin is = there is no water. No. 20: stretches his/her legs = taitim bun. Idiomatically, makes a renewed effort also can be expressed by taitim bun; exercises his/her muscles = wakim eksasais long kamapim masel; has a muscle cramp = kisim pen nogut long masel; walks very fast = wokabaut kwiktaim tumas. UNIT 4 No. 1: kisim bagarap = received an affliction of some kind; bagarap olgeta = completely devastated; bagampim em = to injure someone badly, as in a rape; * lukim bagarap = to see some sort of destruction or harm; * painim bagarap = to discover some destruction or harm. No. 2: antap long em = to be foremost among others; * nambawan long em = the first of his or hers. Namba wan bilong 01. = the best, comparatively speaking; * ap tru long em; * arapela kain long em = something different with/ by him or her; * kamap pas long em = arrive fi rst with/ by him or her. and could be made applicable to some context by substituting en for em so that would be 'something different, comparatively' and would be 'arrive first by means of it', but both sound somewhat strang No. 3: mekim pas = to make a letter; bekim pas = to answer a letter; raitim pas = to write a letter; salim pas = to send a letter; paitim pas = type a letter, but more commonly: paitim pas long masin. No. 4: abus = meat or flesh in general. All other words refer to specific kinds of animals: pukpuk = crocodile; kapul = marsupials, such as opossum, tree kangaroo or cusc us; sikau = wallaby; dok = dog. No. 5: Em as bilong... = He is the source of...; ais = ice; ai = eye; autsait = outside; arapela = something different. No. 6: man = man, meri = woman, na = and, so that pikinini = child or offspring follows the sequence: man, woman and child; famili = family, in urban areas; bebi = baby, in urban areas; 01 lain = one's clan or group; wantok = accomplice, ally, companion or partner.

53 Vocabulary testing in Tok Pisin 45 No. 7: *ai bilong sip; ai bilong sua = the head of a sore; ai bilong haus = the point or gable of a house; ai bilong kokonas = the sprout area of a coconut; ai bilong botol = the opening of a bottl No. 8: lusim mani = to lose some money. It can also mean 'to spend money', generally irresponsibly. Therefore painim = to find something; taitim = to tighten something; lukim = to see something; bekim = to return something; holim = to hold on to something. No. 9: supsup = a pronged spear or arrow; makmak = assorted colours; tuptup = a cover or lid; pitpit = wild cane; pekpek = faeces. No. 10: pajai = a lizard; kumul = bird of paradise; taragau = kite or eagle; guria = crested pigeon; pato = a duck. No. 11: *banisim laplap; banisim haus = to put walls on a house; banisim sua = to bandage a sore; banisim gaden = to put a fence around a garden; banisim pis = to trap fish. No. 12: muruk = cassowary; All others live in or near the sea: kuka = crab: tmusel = turtle; pis = fish; maleo = eel. No. 13. umben (or taunam in some areas) = a net, hence mosquito net. natnat = mosquito; lain pis = a school of fi sh; haus sik = hospital; sot win = to be out of breath; doktaboi = medical assistant. No. 14: draipela tait = an immense flood; hat wara = hot water; i wara pinis = to melt; solwara = the ocean; wara i an tap = the water is on top (of something). No. 15: blakbokis = flying fox. Someone could also hunt for wild type of pusi = cats, but not: bembe = butterfly; binen = honey bees; kakalak = cockroach. No. 16: arere long wara = the bank of a stream or river; autsait long wara = out of the water; baut long wara = the twists of a stream; graun long wara = ground in the water; wet long wara = to wait for the water. No. 17. *autim kiau long kakaruk = take the egg from a chicken!; autim lait long haus = turn the light off in the holls Also mekim indai lait, autim tok hait = reveal secrets; autim em long pilai = take someone out of the game; autim pasin nogut = confess sins. No. 18. singsing tambaran = ceremonial dance and ritual, generally in a spirit house; * singsing hait = hidden dance; singsing nogut = dance poorly, or even an off-colour or obscene dance; singsing tumbuna = dance of the ancestors; *singsing masalai = dance of the nature spirits. No. 19. *maus i kamap = the voice arrived; san i kamap = sunrise; buk i kamap = newly printed book; sik i kamap = become sick; tingting i kamap = to think of something.

54 46 Traim (asof No. 20. bihainim = to follow. go pas long = to lead or go first; larim = to leave something; *frontim; tok bihain long = to criticise; taim bihain = the futur UNIT 5 No. 1: busman = rural resident. Not necessarily a person who lives in the jungle; busrot = unimproved road; busnaip = machete; buspaul = bush hen; pik bilong bus = a wild pig. No. 2: plang = timber which is milled; All other words can refer to living flora: yar = casuarina tree; limbum = wild palm tree; mambu = bamboo; diwai = tree, in the generic sens No. 3: Mi yet bilas long singsing. = I am dressing myself for a danc; Mi bilas long singsing. = I am dressing for a danc; Mi tok bilas long singsing. = I am talking against the danc; * Mi laik bilasim singsing. = I want to decorate the danc; Mi go bilasim en long singsing. = I am going to decorate it for the danc No. 4. * wanpela rais. It could be wanpe/a hap rais = a grain of rice; wanpela taim = once; wanpela man = a man; wanpela de = one day; wanpela wanpela = one by on No. 5: bek = a bag; blok = a block, as in block and tackle; blaus = blouse; bol = a ball; baut = a turn. No. 6: wanblut = a relative, so only in a metaphorical sens Also waitpela blut = pus may not actually have blood in it; karim blut = to menstruate or to bleed; hi-ius blut = menstrual house or hut; blut i kamap = to blee No. 7: kisim i kam = bring it; *kisim i putim; *kisim i kalap; * kisim i kain; Possibly kisim i kamap = bring it up her No. 8: All except have to do with something that is slippery: wilwil = bicycle; wei = oil; gris = grease or butter;. skin bilong maleo = the skin of an eel; hatwok long holim = something difficult to hol No. 9: karanas = volcanic ash or coral ash; kokonas = coconuts; kokomo = the horn bill; karuka = the pandanus; kakatu = cockatoo. No. 10: brukim = to fold; paitim = to beat; kamautim = remove; scimapim = to sew up; pasim = to pull on or tighten. No. 11: ttak i bin bam = the truck has had an accident; ttak i bin bruk = the truck is broken down; *trak i bin trabel; trak i bin dai = the truck won't run or start; * trak i bin spak = the truck ' is intoxicate No. 12: All are cultivated items except kawiwi = the wild betel nut; kopi = coffee; kumu = vegetables; kabis = cabbage; kapiak = breadfruit.

55 Vocabulary testing in Tok Pisin 47 No. 13: em, en = singular third person; we, rot = where?, road; yumi, gumi = we (inclusive of speaker), rubber; kakao, kokonas = cocoa, coconuts; bin, bai = past, futur No. 14: mitupeia i go = just the two of us, but not you others, will go; tupeia i go = the two went; em tupela i go = those two went; mi tasoi i go = only I will go; yumi tupeia i go = you and I will go together. No. 15: i gat wara i stap = it is still wet; *em wet pulap = it is full of wet; *em wetpela yet = it is still wetness; i warn pinis = it (has become) liquid; em wet yet = it is still wet, in some urban areas, or he/she is still waiting. No. 16: gras bijong pisin = bird feathers; *feta biiong pisin = feather, possibly in some urban areas; pul bilong pisin = bird wing; mausgras = moustache; waitpela gras = white hair. No. 17: *singaut biiong balus, better as krai bi/ong balus = the noise of the airplane; singaut bilong dok = barking of the dog; singaut bilong be/o = the ringing of the bell; singaut bilong solwara = breaking of the waves; singaut bilong manmeri = the noise of the peopl Some of these can use krai bi/ong... as well if the noise is more intense and less specifi No. 18: wanpis = a loner; wanpes = a look alike; wanpe/a = one; wanlain = same group, clan; wanhaus = fellow occupants. No. 19: snek = perhaps snake or worm; kindam = crayfish, shrimp; palai = lizard; binatang = insect; demdem = snail. No. 20: All are moveable objects in a house except windoa = window; dis = dish; bet = bed; botol = bottle; sia = chair. UNIT 6 No. 1: pasim = to stop something or someon In urban Tok Pisin stapim may also be heard; sapim = to sharpen something; winim = to sllcceed or overcome; putim = to place something; hukim = to hook something, usually a fi sh. No. 2: Yes, mi no lukim = I have not seen it (agreeing with the question); Nogat, mi no lukim = No, I have not seen it (emphatic, as responding to an accusation); Nogat, mi ken lukim = No, I am able to see it; Yes, bai mi lukim = Yes, I will see it later; No, mi no ken lukim = No, I am not able (allowed) to see it. No. 3: slipim pinis = to lay something down; pulim nus = to snore; driman = to dream; ai i hevi = to be sleepy; rumslip = bedroom. No. 4: Kaunim tu wantaim fa iv, na hamas i kamap? = Read two as well as five, now how many are there?; Tu na faiv em i hamas? = Two and fi ve are how many?; Tu na faiv i mekim hamas? = How much do two and five make?; Bungim tu wantaim fa iv, wanem namba i kamap?=

56 48 Traim tasol Put together two and five and what number will there be?; Skruim tu long faiv, wanem namba bai i kamap? = Join together two and five and what number will there be? No. 5: tau1 = towel, which is not normally a piece of apparel; kot = coat; 1ap1ap = waistcloth or skirt; su = shoes; let = belt. No. 6: goapim nf = climb up on a reef, not the best thing to do in a boat; pulim anka = pull up the anchor; pul strong long pul = row strongly; kapsaitim wara = bail out water; slekim sel = loosen the sail. No. 7: beggar (or poor person in general) = rabisman; garbage collector = man bilong kisim pipia samting, masseur = man bilong rapim mase1; gardener = man bilong wokim gaden; collector = man bi/ong mumutim 01 samting. No. 8: sarapim (in some dialects) = shut someone up or to cut grass with a long knife (sarip); mekim = to make, cause, do; makim = to select someone or something; pulapim = to fill up something; kirapim = to awaken or begin something. No. 9: brasbel = knapsack (but mainly in classical Tok Pisin). One is more likely to hear liklik bek; bokis = box; kes = case; mat = sleeping mat or floor mat; paspas = bracelet or armlet. No. 10: Em i kaikaim tit. = He is gnashing his teeth. (as in anger), but not He is eating teeth.; Em i kaikai buai. = He is chewing betel nut.; Em i dringim sug = He is chewing sugar can; Em i dringim war = He is drinking water.; Em i kaikai smok. = He is smoking. No. 11: taim bilong masta = colonial ti mes; wok long nambis = work at the coast, i. usually contract labour; pasin bilong raske1 = the way of the criminal; wok long fa m = work on a farm; lain bilong bus = a group from an out-of-way plac No. 12: abrusim spia bilong em = to dodge someone's spear. This is built on the form abrusim 'to dodge', whereas the other examples come from abus 'flesh'; abusim saksak long pis = to mix the sago and fish; mipela i nogat abus = we don't have any meat; singsing i abus bilong mi = the dance is 'my meat', or I really excel at dancing; abusim nabaut 01 tok = to mix up one's languages or words. No. 13: grile = ringworm; grile pukpuk = person with gri/e (derogatory); grile pis = type of fish with many scales; kaskas = scabies or any skin disease; * kaskas grije = scabies and tine No. 14: season, when = taim; goodbye, good buy = gut bai. * gutpeja bai: horse, house = hos, haus; sweet, sweat = swit, swet; a pin, a pen = pin, pen. No. 15: men i swit long mi = the girl really likes me; *em i laikim mi sampela = she really likes me somewhat; *mi pundaun long dispe1a men = I have fallen (down) for this girl. Actually there is no reason why this could not be said; men bai i kisim mi = the girl will get me later; em i laik kisim men = I want to get a girl (or woman).

57 Vocabulary testing in Tok Pisin 49 No. 16: tumora = tomorrow; asde = yesterday; hap asde = the day before yesterday; nau = now; oltaim = anytim No. 17: hipim = to pile up something; giyim = to give to someone; skelim = to divide something up; peim = to pay someone; tilim = to give out something one at a tim No. 18: kusai = a liar or deceiver; krungut = crooked or twisted; kruhet = blockhead; kranki = incorrect; * pretman = afraid man. No. 19: rula = a ruler; raun = round; klok = clock; lap = to laugh; plak = a flag. No. 20: klaut = clouds, because they are in the sky and all of the remainder are not; graun = ground; ples daun = a valley or depression; maunten = mountain; nambis = the coast. UNIT 7 No. 1: harim smel = to smell something, i. to perceive a smell; * piiim smel = to feel a smell; * karim -"mel = to carry a smell; * lukim smel = to see a smell; * kukim smel = to cook a smell. Another urban expression would simply be smeiim or smeiim smej. No. 2: giyim meri wantaim kaikai = give to a woman with some food, i. to use as a love charm or spell to entice someone; painim mani lang laki = get some money by gambling; kisim pis lang sampela kain taktak = to get fish by using special language; pulim kina na al pik = to bargain for shells and pig; abrusim birua lang ka = to avoid an accident with a car. No. 3: baamasin = a brace, as in brace and bit; masin bilang lait = a power generator; masin bi/ang rait = a typewriter; masin bilang sep = electric shaver; matabaik = motorcycl No. 4: * gras bulmakau = cattle grass; gras nating = worthless grass, or countless; gras nagut = weeds; gras bilang salwara = seaweeds; gras nil = the touch-me-not plant or other types of weed with sharp edges. No. 5: brukim wara = to cross a stream; brukim kanda = to break a piece of cane; brukim plang = to break a board in two; brukim baret = to cross a ditch; brukim graun = to dig or cultivat No. 6: * bel j bruk = stomach is broken; All others refer to some medical ai lment: LI. yilupas = deaf; pekpek wara = diarrhoea; kus = a cold; skin i wara = to sweat. No. 7: * nilim taktak = to nail the talk; blesim taktak = to bless the speech; autim taktak = to make a speech or declaration; harim taktak = to listen to the speech; senisim taktak = to change what has been sai

58 50 Traim laso/ No. 8: klaut i pairap = thunder; klaut i singaut = the cloud makes a noise, also a possibility; klaut i lait = lightning; klaut i tudak = dark clouds; klaut i pas = clouded over. No. 9: sikrapim, lusim = to scrape something, to lose something; singautim, tokim = to make a noise or yell for someone, to talk to someone; nogutim, bagarapim = to damage something, to destroy something; tanim, bautim = to turn something, to turn something around; bringim, kisim = to bring something, to fetch something. No. 10: pam uk meri = prostitute; pukpuk meri = a female crocodile; grile meri = a woman with a skin condition; wokmeri = a female servant; *dok meri = dog woman. No. 11: hailens haiwe = the main Highlands road; draipela rot = a very large road; * taun pies rot = town and village road; bikrot = main, or normally used road; * rot kolta = sealed road (should be koita rot, if used at all). No. 12: mun i dai pin is = the month is over; mun i nogat lait = eclipse or partial eclipse; * mun i ova = the moon is over; nogat mun = there is no moon; *mun i doti pinis = the moon has become dirty. No. 13: mama i karim em = the mother who bore the child, i. the real mother; draipela mama = a large mother; mama giaman = a false mother; * mama antap = the best mother. Perhaps antap mama would be acceptable in some areas; gutpela mama = a good mother. No. 14: ples balus = an airstrip or airdrome; pies waisan = the beach or desert; pies kunai = a field of sword grass; pies klia = clearing or open area; pies tais = a swamp. No. 15: abrusim rot = to miss the road; pasim rot = to block the road; * misim rot = to miss the road (perhaps in urban settings); lukim rot = to watch the road, pay attention; *swisim rot = to switch roads. No. 16: glasim = to examine; metaim = to measure; tilim = to give out; kostim = to cost; bungim = to collect. No. 17: pianim ka = to bury the car; planim taro = to plant taro; planim man = to bury a person; planim mak = to put up the goal posts; planim pos = to put in a fence post. No. 18: Yumi mas helpim wok bilong gavmall. = We must help the work of the government.; Yumi mas sambai long wok bilong gavman. = We must wait for the work of the government.; Yumi mas abrusim wok bilong gavillan. = We must avoid the work of the government. ; Yumi mas kariill wok bilollg gavillan. = We must bear the work of the government.; Yumi mas sanap 10llg wok bilong gavman. = We must support the work of the government. No. 1 9: karuka = pandanus or screw pine, therefore: samapim mat = to make a mat; we/im long singsing = to oil it for the dance; bilasim skin = decorate the skin; wokim let = make a belt; pasim pik long gaden = to keep a pig in the garden.

59 Vocabulary testing in Tok Pisin 51 No. 20: man i save kaikai man = cannibals; man bilong pait = warriors; man nogut = sinners; man bilong kaikai = gluttons; man bilong long we pies = strangers. UNIT 8 No 1: blut i kamap = he is bleeding; blut bilong em i ran gut = he has a good pulse; *em i bin helpim blut = he has been helping the blood; *em i bin katim blut = he has been cutting blood; *blut ran i kam = the blood is running towards m No. 2: bairo = ballpoint pen; * stik = a stick; ingpen = ink pen; pensil = pencil; sok = chalk. No. 3: i bikpela liklik = it is medium sized; i liklik = it is small: * i bikpe/a sampe/a = it is big, some of it; *i bikpela nating = it is big, of no account; i bikpela pinis = it has grown. No. 4: a vegetable, past tense = bin; a root, a rut = rap, baret, a bomb, a collision = bam, bam; a bus, the jungle = bas, bus; a dish, dust = dis (or plet), das. No. 5: spirit = methylated spirits and therefore usually colourless, although it is sometimes purple; susu = milk; bemin = gasoline or petrol; yot = iodine; wei = oil. No. 6: diwai = a tree; wara = water; blut = blood; man = a man or a human being; pikinini = a chil No. 7: limbum = a type of palm tree and not generally found in garden areas. All other words have something to do with a garden site: kukim = to cook or burn, as brush; gaden = garden; baret = a drainage ditch; banis = a fenc No. 8: gumi = an eraser; bun = a bone; kaskas = scabies; kaswel = castor oil; tamiok = an ax No. 9: *sik i dai = the sickness is dea Th is should be sik i pinis; paia i dai = the fire is out; mekim dai redia = turn off the radio; mi dai long smok = I need a smoke badly; ensin i dai pinis = the engine has stoppe No. 10: muruk = cassowary; masket = a gun (older term), when it goes off; klaut = cloud, when there is lightning; bom = bomb, when it explodes; bel = stomach, when one's stomach rumbles. No. 11: kalapim = to climb over or jump over: galip = general name for any kind of nut; kikim = to kick something; pundaun = to fall down; krosim = to be angry with someon No. 12: gip = poison, therefore: dringim = to drink it; kaikai = food; brukim = to break something; kapsaitim = to spill or pour out; givim = to give to someon No. 13: pangal = sago palm, so associated with river and swampy areas; rip = the reef; solwara = the ocean; nambis = the coast; taleo = the north-west monsoon.

60 52 Train! taso1 No. 14: haus blut = a menstrual hut; haus dring = a tavern; haus kot = a court house; haus kalabus = a gaol or lockup. Major gaols are also well outside of the towns; haus lotu = a church. No. 15: pis pis = urine; nek = the neck area; maus = the mouth; bun = a bone; wasket = the jaw. No. 16: Yalibu = a mountain in the SHP; Sipik = Sepik River; Flai = Fly River, in the Western Province; Asaro = Asaro River, in EHP; Ramu = Ramu River, in Madang Provinc No. 17: debuk = a tablet or exercise book; sekbuk = cheque book; kukbuk = a cook book; pasbuk = a savings account book; *skulbuk = a school book. No. 18: kandere men = female or maternal cousin; susa = sibling of the opposite sex, or sister; pikinini men = daughter; * brata men = brother woman; lain men = woman's clan or group. No. 19: sekan long should be sekan wantaim = shake hands with; toktok long = to talk about something; tingting long = to think about something; driman long = to dream about something; lukluk long = to stare at something. No. 20: Timbe is in the ENBP; Kainantu = EHP; Kerowagi = Simbu Province; Tan = SHP; Mendi = SHP. UNIT 9 No. 1: yambo = guav Others would be normal: mit = meat; pis = fish; kumu = greens; kabis = cabbag No. 2: pe = pay, or the cost; fi = fee, an urban term; taia = tyre; spes = space; rot = roa No. 3: luk stil = to steal a look at, therefore to peep at; stilim men = to take someone else's wife; lukluk nogut = to look around in a bad manner; luksi = to look at something; luksave = to understand something. No. 4: bel i guria = the stomach shakes, unusual at best; skru i guria = the knees shake; graun i guria = the ground shakes or trembles; guria i bagarapim haus = the earthquake destroys the house; skin i guria = to shiver from fear, or sickness; No. 5: * autim poisin long 01 = to divulge the sorcery to everyone; samting bi10ng graun = something that is of this world, i. sorcery; poisin i kol pinis = the sorcery has lost its power; mekim poisin long en = to work sorcery on someone; wokim poisin long birua = to work sorcery on an enemy. No. 6: tok isi isi = talk slowly; tok isi = whisper or speak softly; tok kranki = incoherent; mauswara = empty talk; toktok i go = talk on and on. No. 7: Kristen = Christian, amamas = happiness, and man bilong tupela maus = hypocrite; all have something to do with lotu = church; kot = court; skul = school; 10 = law; sin = sin, but the normal word is pasin nogut.

61 Vocabulary testing in Tok Pisin 53 No. 8: Colosi = Kolosi; The others are correct: Rom = Rome; Ga/esia = Galatians; Taitas = Titus; Pita = Peter. No. 9: sapim = to sharpen; *pointim = to point, but not standard TP; balaisim = to splice; saripim = to cut grass or weeds with a long knife; rapim = to rub or massag No. 10: em i laik i dai = he is about to die, near death; * 1aif i k10stu dai = the life is about to die; *dai bilong em i kamap = his death has arrived; dispe1a pasin i dai pinis = this way of behaviour has ceased; em redi nau = he is ready now. No. 11: 01 sumatin = students or pupils; 01 manki = all young people; *01 boigel = all boys and girls; 01 pikinini = all the children; 01 sku1 = all of the schools. No. 12: spakman = drunkard ; hambak man = foolish person; pasindia = a transient; man nogut = evil person; man bilong kaikai = glutton. No. 13: hu1 bilong nil = the eye of a needle: * bel bilong nil = the belly of a needle or nail; ai bilong nil = the opening of a needle; maus bilong nil = the mouth of a needle, hence also it could be the 'eye'; holim bi10ng nil = the place to hold a needl No. 14: hapasde = the day before yesterday; *tupe1a asde = two yesterdays; asde pinis = yesterday completed; *asde bihain = yesterday later; * asde hap = yesterday part. No. 15: boskru = sailors; lain solwara = the group from the ocean; *botlain = a group of boats; *botkru = the crew of the boat; siaman = the chairman. No. 16: brokim ring = to divorce; bagarapim marit = destroy a marriage; marit nating = de facto marriage; *rausim marit = to get rid of the marriage; brukim marit = adultery, hence often divorce. No. 17: mak bi10ng lek = footprints; mekim mak = to tattoo; purim mak = to mark; sanapim mak = put up the goal posts; mak nating = mark with no meaning. No. 18: man i lukim = the man is looking; man i haisim = the man is hoisting it up; man i hamaim = the man is hammering it; man i praim = the man is frying it; man i ainim = the man is ironing it. No. 19: donki = donkey, because it is foreign to PNG; lang = a fly; spaida = a spider; rat = a rat; snek = a snak No. 20: hensapim = a hold up; a salute = sa1ut long, an appeal = traim gen or, in some areas, apil; an answer = bekim tok; an inspection = glasim or lukim.

62 54 Traim lsol UNIT 10 No. 1: autim tok = to explain the message; eramautim tok = to reveal the message; litimapim tok = to lift up or honour the message; telimautim tok = to confess something; kamapim tok = to make up some talk. No. 2: opim mumu = open and remove the food from the mumu; pasim mumu = cover over the mumu; rausim mumu = get rid of the mumu; *katim mumu = to cut the mumu; bosim mumu = to oversee the mumu. Also possibly kamautim mumu = dig out the mumu. No. 3: government leader = luluai, now kaunsil or hetman or pesman bilong gavman; a festival = singsing, church leader = hetman or pesman bilong lotu; decorative wreath = hangamapim bilas samting long dua; ceremonial house = haus tambaran. No. 4: namel = the middle of something; buk = a book or a boil; liklik maunten = a hill; * spes nating = space without purpose; antap = on top of. No. 5: girigiri = cowrie shells; gam = bailer shell; kina = mother-of-pearl shell, hence all are used for decorations = bilas; money = mani; sea creatures = 01 sam ting i stap long solwara; sickness = sik; food = kaikai. No. 6: Traim i kamap pastaim. = The temptation comes first.; Rong yu ken lusim long lotu. = You can get rid of your immorality at church.; Traim i winim rang. = Temptations overcome immorality.; Rong i bihainim traim. = Immorality follows temptation.; Traim yu ken painim long lotu. = You can find temptations in church. No. 7: tuptup = a cover or lid; paspas = an armlet; let kanda = a cane belt; tanget = victory leaves; bis = beads. No. 8: All are used in warfare except kambang = lime (mixed with betel nut); banara = a bow; supsup = an arrow, generally for hunting; spia = a spear; hap plang = a shiel No. 9: tromoi umben long wara = throwing nets into the water; hukim pis long wara = hooking fish in the water; pulim waia long wara = pulling wires along the water; kapsaitim bot long wara = upsetting the boat in the water; * kirapim net long wara = starting the net in the water. No. 10: sikau = wallaby, because both it and kapul = opossum have pouches; muruk = cassowary; dok = dog; has = horse; mumut = bandicoot. No. 11: bilas = decoration. All of the others can be used as decorations: bis = beads; sel = shell; paspas = armband; maus bilong kokomo = the hornbill beak. No. 12: skruim i go = to join or extend; karim i go = carry away; pulim i go = pull away from; tilim i go = deal or give around; pamim i go = keep inflating something. No. 13: bedbug = musmus; bandicoot = mumut, motley colour = makmak; male goat = meme; big mess = bagarapnabaut.

63 Vocabulary testing in Tok Pisin 55 No. 14: pik = pig; kina = mother-of-pearl shell; sensim = to trade, therefore all have to do with the moka = exchange ceremony in the Highlands; bisnis = business; gaden = garden; tambaran = ancestral ceremonies; hausman = men's hous No. 15: pulapim hap = to half fill; pulapim sampela = to fill somewhat; pulapim liklik = to fill a bit; pulapim namel = to fill to the middle; pulapim gut = to really fill, to overflow. No. 16: skin i guria = the body shakes, as in an attack of malaria; skin i nogut= the skin is poor, that is, one is feeling badly; skin i pen = to pain all over; skin i dai = to be numb; skin i kol = to feel cold all over. No. 17: sua i sting = the sore stinks, smells badly; sua i smel = the sore smells (good or bad?); * sua i blut = the sore is bloo This could be sua i gat blut, * sua i ran = the sore is running; * sua i tantanim = the sore is turning aroun No. 18: karamapim kina long skin diwai = wrap the pearl shell in the bark; *karamapim kina long diwai skin = wrap the shell in the tree of the bark; karamapim kina long hap diwai = wrap the shell in the piece of wood ; putim kina insait long skin diwai = put the shell inside the bark; * hnitim kina insait long diwai skin = hide the shell in the tree of the bark. No. 19: All can have something to do with making a net bag except *rausim skin pipia = get rid of the skin rubbish; bilum = net bag; rop bilong diwai = a vine; painim long bus = look for it in the bush; pasim long kanda = fasten it with can No. 20: *bokis pam = pump box; bokis diwai = wooden box; bokis ais = refrigerator; bokis mani = cashbox; bokis nating = empty box. UNIT 11 No. 1: A cassowary does not have a tail, therefore: tel bilong muruk = cassowary tail; bun bilong muruk = cassowary bone; kom bilong muruk = cassowary wattle; kapa bilong muruk = cassowary claws; nok bilong muruk = cassowary breastbon No. 2: kumul = bird of paradise, therefore: pisin = bird (generic); moran = python; kapul = opossum; billus = airplane or large bird; paul = chicken (also kakaruk). No. 3: bembe = bataplai (butterfly); pikinini pusi = kitten; blakbokis = fly ing fox; ril t = rat; laus = lous No. 4: mangalim = to covet. This causes stil = to steal; In the same way pulim meri = abduct a woman. This, in the most general sense, causes trabel = trouble; rong = immorality, would also be logical; toktok nogut = bad language (also tok nogut); brukim marit = divorce; bagarapim = destruction, or in the case of immorality, rap

64 56 Traim Ii/sol No. 5: mekpas = a bundle; paspas = an annlet; meknais = the stirring or sound of something; matmat = a cemetery or grave; bung = a meeting or gathering. No. 6: * mausgan = mouth gun; krai = to yell, cry; bikmausim = to yell at someone; singaut = to yell for someone, or the noise of certain things; bikmaus = a gun, or someone loud and boisterous. No. 7: kol = cold or flat; daun = down; aut = out; bagarap = ruined; pinis = ende No. 8: swit = sweet or nice tasting; suga = sugar (cane); sol = salt, considered sweet, not 'salty'; loli = candy; muji = fruit. No. 9: Central. No. 10: retskin = redskin, due to sunburn; hapkas = half-caste; waitskin = an expatriate; * hapskin = part of the skin; waitman = an expatriat No. 11: tupela wantaim = two at once; tupela tru = really two; tupe/a wankuin = two which are the same; tupela wanmama = two from the same mother; *tupelu semtuilll = two at the same tim No. 12: tantanim i go = to tllrn over and over; wilwilim i go = to crus\- something raunraunilll i go = to keep encircling something; *hipapim i go = to keep piling lip things; *tekeweim i go = to keep on taking something away from someon No. 13: anian = onions. It does not go together with the objects which make or constitute bread: solap = yeast; bret = bread; yis = yeast, a more urban term; plewa = flower. No. 14: Kas bilong mil = That is my cards!, i. my luck; Samting bilong mil = That belongs to me!; Abus bi/ong mil = That is my meat!, a literal rendering of an English idiom; Laki bilong mil = That is my luck!, also a literal translation of an English idiom; Askim bilong mi! = Whatever I want!. No. 15: sutman = hunter. Formerly sutboi; peman = the paymaster; * abusman = meatman; busman = unsophisticated person; *masketman = gunman. No. 16: the edible fruit of pandanas = 17writa; newly married person = tupeja i marit nupeja: something used as a love chann = mariia; a type of sago thatch = pangaj; an edible nut = galip. No. 17: siekim (masis) = to strike a match: iaitim = to light something; hatim = to heat something; rapim = to rub something; brukim = to break something. No. 18: matmat= graveyard; makmak = motley coloured; pitpit = wild cane; saksak = sago palm; mismis = clan or totem brother.

65 VocabuJary testing in Tok Pisin 57 No. 19: pen = pain; banis = ribs; bun = bones, therefore all are associated with sotwin = pneumonia; sik nogut = venereal disease; skirap = an itch; susu i solap = swollen breasts; lewa i sut = pain in the liver; No. 20: All are associated with water and the sea except kroba = crowbar; mit = flood; si = waves or breakers; biksi = heavy sea; rai = south-east trade winds. UNIT 12 No. 1: wagau = a hawk or eagl All of the rest would give a stomach ache: mbak = tobacco; swet= sweat; WaWa = Protestant; dewel = ghost or shadow. No. 2: Mi winim traim. = I overcame the temptation, unless it was to cheat. Although it would be immodest, he might say: Mi smat tru. = I am very smart.; Mi winim tes. = I passed the test.; Mi save pinis. = I understand or I know all about that.; Mi an tap pinis. = I am the best of the lot. No. 3: banisim long gaden = enclose it in the garden; baim men long narapela lain = obtain a wife from another clan; skelim long 01 wantok = divide it up with one's mates; hangamapim wasket long haus man = hang up the jaw bones in the men's house; pasim long strongpela rop = tie it up with a strong rop No. 4: mnim sup = to turn the soup, would sound better as tanmnim sup = to stir the soup; tanim bel = repent; tanim smok = roll a smoke (with newspaper, et); mnim tok = interpret; mnim nek = turn the neck. While this is possible, mnim het = to court (in the Highlands), is an idiom. No. 5: Taim bilong... = The time to... dai = die; * longtaim = a long time; gutpela = something good; wanpela = one; nogut = not good or don't, et No. 6: *tok wara = water talk; tok bobs = a parable or implied message; tok gumi = a tall story, i. something stretched out; tok bilas = insult; tok gris = flattery. No. 7: Probably plak = flag; plang = a board or piece of timber; sok = chalk; sia = chair; blakbot = blackboar No. 8: ambrela = umbrella, due to the firmness of kanda = can On the other hand all of these are made with cane: bet = bed; sia = chair; paspasl hanpas = bracelet or armlet; let = belt. No. 9: kuskus = clerk; draiva = driver; saveman = a smart person; bisnisman = business man; *kamdaman = carpenter. No. 10: Toliman is a name common in ENBP, especially the Tolai area; Kila is common in the Central Province; Pokawill is well-known in Manus; Kilage is from Simbu Province; Yalibu from the SHP.

66 58 Traim tas01 No. 11: Ramu is a river in the Madang Province; Giluwe = the second highest mountain in PNG, in the SHP; Wilhelm = the highest mountain in PNG, in the Simbu Province; Elimbari = a prominent mountain near the border of the EHP and Simbu Provinces; Hagen = a mountain in the Western Highlands, near the town of Mt Hagen. N. 12: sakim = to fire someone; daunim = to overcome, lower, humiliate; nogutim = do something bad to; *pairim = to fire someon This may be heard in urban areas; rausim = chase away. No. 13: pikinini i bikpela nau = the baby is getting bigger. Also pikinini i kamap bikpela nau; bebi em bikpela nau = the baby is big now; *bai pikinini i gro tru = later the baby has really grown; *bebi i save kamap nau = the baby has arrived now. This might be acceptable when a baby is about to deliver; pikinini i go i go nau = the baby is moving about now. No. 14: * narapela narapela = another one, another one; oltaim oltaim = again and again; wande wande = a day at a time; olde olde = repeatedly; wanwik wanwik = weekly. No. 15: ftrst = pastaim; later = bihain; again = gen; afterwards = bihain taim; sometimes = sampela taim. No. 16: inap long taim = until the time (I return); inap long would be incomplete; long taim = at the time; bihain long = later until; long dispela taim = until this tim No. 17: well-used, although the meanings overlap - rabis is something or someone useless, a lapun is a person or thing that is old, and pipia refers to scraps or pieces of something; old = lapun or bilong bipoa; useless = pipia nating or samting nating, garbage = pipia bilong kaikai; compost = gris bilong gra un. No. 18: All are animals or insects of some kind except puspus = sexual intercourse; rokrok = frog; musmus = bedbug; natnat = mosquito; meme = goat. No. 19: krungutim tok = misquote or distort; repeat = tokim gen; swear = tok nogut. To 'swear by ' would be tok tru antap long, accuse = sutim tok long, joke = tok pilai. No. 20: brukim ai = to wink; If one winks in the sense of enticing someone the correct term is aigris; * hatim ai = heat the eye; apim ai = raise the eye; * wokim ai = to make an ey UNIT 13 No. 1: givim siksti = speeding, i. 'giving it sixty'; pamim petrol = pumping petrol; * spitim ka = speeding the car; * mekim go [as = making it go fast; go kwiktaim = go quickly. No. 2: gumi = rubber or elastic; *raba = rubber; wei = oil; * ilastik = elastic; bol = ball.

67 Vocabulary testing in Tok Pis in 59 No. 3: i gat gris = it is fe rtile, i. it has substance or 'grease'; i gat kaikai = it has food; i gat strong = it is strong; i gat malumalu = it is swampy or soggy. No. 4: marmar = Jacaranda type of tree; milo = a timber tree; mareo = a timber tree; muli = a fruit tree; stik masis = African tulip tre No. 5: rabisman = a very poor person; kusaiman = a deceiver; poroman = a close friend, confidant; bulsitman = a fabricator; lesman = a person who is lazy. No. 6: karamap saksak = parcel of sago wrapped in leaves; * mekpas saksak = a bundle of sago; * saksak bung = sago collection; draipela saksak = very large sago; wok saksak tait = to process sago. No. 7: kuskus = office worker or clerk; kaskas = scabies; kauboi = cowboy; karanas = volcanic ash; kakalak = cockroach. No. 8: Em kaunim buk. = He is reading a book.; Em lukim buk. = He sees a book.; * Em ritim buk. = He is reading a book., is possible in urban dialects; *Em spelim buk. = He is spelling book.; Em lukluk long buk. = He is looking at a book. No. 9: kandere = relative on the mother's side: kasin = cousin; brata = brother; kasin brata = parallel cousin on father's side; * arasait brata = a brother from the other sid No. 10: kapupu = break wind; *asting, smel nogut = smell badly; mekim win = to make wind; pasin nogut = immorality, et No. 1 1: Haus i kapsait liklik. = The house is leaning a bit.; Haus i bruk pinis. = The house has fallen down.; * Haus i kamdaun nau. = The house is coming down now.; Haus i laik pundaun. = The house is about to fall down.; Haus i bagarap. = The house is ruine No. 12: holim = to hold something, therefore: han bilong kap = the handle of a cup; hankap = handcuffs; kap bi/ong ti = teacup; haus kapa = permanent house; *kap bilong holim = a cup for holding on to. No. 13: * bris bilong kanu = the jetty of a canoe; git bilong kanu = caulking for the canoe; plang bilong kanu = the decking of the canoe; stia bijong kanu = the canoe rudder; *susu bi/ong kanu = the appendages of the cano No. 14: mama pinga = thumb; * papa pinga = father finger; patpe/a pinga = a fat or enlarged finger; draipeja pinga = an immense finger; nambawan pinga = the first finger. No. 15: mambu bijong nek = the windpipe; *paip bijong nek = the neck's pipe; win bilong nek = the air or breath of the neck; *pul bilong nek = the wing of the neck; *rot bi/ong nek = the road of the neck.

68 60 Tra im tasol No. 16: man bilong pait = a fighter, warrior; man bilong save = a wise man; man bilong mauswara = a windbag, a blabber; man bilong beten = a man who prays regularly; man bilong giaman = a liar. No. 17: * lusim tok = to lose or leave the talk; lusim tingting = to forget; lusim anka = to drop the anchor; lusim men = to desert one's wife; lusim pies = to leave hom No. 18: mak bilong lek = footprint; mak bilong wokabaut = sign showing where one can walk; mak long lek = leg scar; makim long lek = to mark off something by foot; makmak long lek = motley coloured on the leg. No. 19: Skin bilong pikinini i malumalu. = The baby's skin is soft.; Skin bilong pikinini i naispe/ = The baby's skin is nic; Skin bilong pikinini i gutpel = The baby's skin is goo; Skin bilong pikinini i no strong tum as. = The baby's skin is not very finn.; * Skin bilong pikinini i malolo. = The baby's skin is taking a rest. No. 20: skin i les = (1) am tired; mi les pinis = 1 am lazy, or tired of doing something; mi laik kisim win = I am out of breath; mi mas sindaun = I have to sit down; *bodi i laik dai = the body is about to di UNIT 14 No. 1: Beware of the dog. = Lukaut long dok.; Find the dog. = Painim dok.; Look at the dog. = Lukim dok.; The dog is looking for it. = Dok i painim en i stap.; Search for the dog. = Pa inim dok. (same meaning as in (a». No. 2: Em i bin lusim namb = He has been disposed from offic; Em i bin lusim opis. = He is no longer in offic; 01 i rausim em long opis. = They ousted him from the offic; 01 i ra usim em long wok. = They discharged him from work.; Em i pinisim opis. = He finished the offic No. 3: Han bilong mi i dai. = My hand is num; Han bilong mi i s/ek. = My hand is weary.; * Han bilong mi islip. = My hand is asleep.; Han bilong mi i kol. = My hand is col; Han bilong mi i dra i. = My hand is dry. No. 4: lek nating = barefoot; nogat su = to not have shoes; lek tasol = j list the leg; * su soken Ius = shoes and socks lost; lek maski = never mind the leg. No. 5: lala = the tailorfish; lalai = the trochus shell, therefore a fish and a shell; a wind and a gale = win na bikpe/a win; a song and a dance = song! singsing na danis/ singsing, a crab and a fish = kuka/ katu l1a pis: a grass and a tree = gras na diwai. No. 6: *sapim laplap = to sharpen some cloth; brukim laplap = to fold the cloth; pasim lap lap = to put on a cloth skirt; lusim JapJap = to undo a cloth skirt; samapim laplap = to sew clothes. No. 7: kolim poisin = make the sorcery ineffective; rausim poisin = get rid of the sorcery; *daunim poisin = to put the sorcery down, to swallow it; wokim poisin = to work sorcery; * sakim poisin = to discharge the sorcery.

69 Vocabulary testing in Tok Pis in 61 No. 8: Krismas bilong mi i twentipela yi = I am twenty years ol; Yia bilong mi i twentipel = Regarding my years, they are twenty.; Mi twentipela nau. = I am twenty (of something) now.; Krismas bilong mi i twentipel = My years are twenty.; * Twentipela krismas i stap long mi. = Twenty years have been with m No. 9: Klaut i pas. = It is cloudy, i. the clouds are 'tight'.; Klaut i kamdaun. = The clouds are down.; Klaut i hevi. = The clouds are heavy.; Klaut i kapsait. = The clouds are upset.; Klaut i tudak. = The clouds are black or dark. No. 10: Ren i baut pinis nau. = The rain has turned around now.; Ren i laik pinis nau. = The rain is about to ceas; Ren i klostu pinis nau. = It is almost finished raining.; Ren i klostu pinis. = It is about to rain., or It is almost done raining.; Ren i laik pinis. = It is about to stop raining. No. 11: bikpeja lain man = a large crowd of people; a line of men = wanpela lain man; a queue = 01 i lain i stap; a column of soldiers = wanpela lain ami; a group of tall people = wanpela lain na 01 i longpela manmeri. No. 12: klok i meknais = the heart is beating; belo bilong klok = the alarm of the clock; klok i pairap = the alarm goes off; hamas klok? = what time is it?; klok i dai pin is = the clock is not running. No. 13: kulau = green young coconut; kru bilong kokonas = the young shoot of a coconut; skin bilong kokonas = coconut husk; wara bijong kokonas = coconut mi lk; * susu bilong kokonas = coconut milk. No. 14: mekim nabaut= do something carelessly; wok nating = useless work; wokim kranki = make something poorly; wok nabaut = to work around; stap nating = unassigned, unemploye No. 15: binatang i gat mosong na planti han = an insect which is fuzzy and has lots of legs; binatang i stap long bus = an insect which lives in the forest or jungle; binatang bilong saksak = a sago grub; binatang i longpela na naispela = an insect which is long and nice; binatang bilong 01 pusi = a eat's insect. No. 16. liklik hap pepa = a little piece of paper. All the others make some kind of noise: garamut bilong ka = the exhaust of a car; brumim haus = sweeping a house; komim gras = combing the hair; kus = a cold or sneez No. 17: krungutim = stomping on something; wilwilim = riding a bike, pushing a wheelbarrow, et; bagarapim = to ruin or despoil a thing or person; karamapim = covering something up; taitim = stretching. No. 18: autim asua = confess one's faults; * kilim bel = kill the stomach; mangalim 01 = envy everyone; wetim pasin nogut = wait for something evil; nogutim narape/a Illan = do something bad to another person. No. 19: pwpur = reed for grass skirt; kopi = coffee tree; iikus = fig tree; mango = mango tree; kakao = cocoa tre No. 20: nambatu = second rate; las wan = the last one; namba tu = the second one; * sekan wan = the second one; namba ten, = very inferior.

70 62 Traim II/sol UNIT 15 No. 1: Sir Paulius Matane has been the Ambassador of PNG to the United States of America and the Secretary of Foreign Affairs, as well as a prominent citizen and author, but he has never been the Prime Minister; Hon. Rabbie Namaliu = PM, ; Hon. Michael Samare = PM, ; ; Hon. Paias Wingti = PM, ; 1992-present; Hon. Sir Julius Chan = PM, No. 2: pulim = to beg, as in pulim mani; orait Jong = agreed upon; askim = to ask for; traim = to try out, to test someone; strongim toktok = to convince someone. No. 3: inapim = to give enough, fu lfill; * pupilim = fulfill; apim = to lift something up; givim = to give something to someone; sapo tim = give support to, mainly used in urban dialects. No. 4: em karim kaikai = it has been successful, 'borne fruit'; em givim kaikai = he is feeding it; em pikinini kaikai = it is a seed; em pjanim kaikai = he is planting food; em kaikai wantaim = he is eating with someone, i. 'fellowshipping'. No. 5: Western-West Sepik; *Western-Southern is incorrect because there is no Southern Province, only a Southern Highlands Provinc No. 6: YutupeJa katim marit bilong 01. = The two of you annulled all of their marriages.; Em katim ka long kon = He took the corner sharply with his car.; OJ i katim tok kwiktaim. = They stopped talking suddenly.; Em katif1) gras bilong em sotpel = He cut his hair short.; Em katim han bilong diwai. = He trimmed the branches from the tre No. 7: tru = truly, i. a sentence adverbial: ken = can, i. ability; mas = must, i. the certaintive; save = understand, i. the abilatative; Jaik = want to, i. the optativ No. 8: em kisim pen = he is in pain; em kisim kaikai = he has gotten food; em kisim strong = he has gotten strong; em kisim pe = he has been paid; em kisiill bel = she is pregnant. No. 9: kiau = an egg; kiap = government officer; kirap = to arise; kiwi = shoe polish (New Zealand brand); kokeru = a rooster. No. 10: askim polis long helpim = ask the police for help; beten Jong papa God = pray to God; raitim pas long Wantok = write a letter to Wantok newspaper; singautim nem long bikmaus = shout the name over a loudspeaker; karim presen long kajabus = take a gift to gaol. No. 11: Both items have the same fu nction, regardless of size, so: hanwas is to kjok = watch is to a clock; hat is to kjos = a hat is to clothes; spun is to plet = a spoon is to a plate; kiau is to kakaruk = an egg is to a chicken; mami is to sayar = yam is to vegetables.

71 Vocabulary testing in Tok Pisin 63 No. 12: *Hailens NiuS; Times = appears once a week; Wantok = Tok Pisin newspaper, which appears once a week; Post Courier = daily, except weekends; Hiri = government newspaper, appears monthly. No. 13: sori long em = be sorry for someone; maski long em = forget about someone; givim mani long em = give some money to someone; glasim wok bilong em = inspect someone's work carefully; singaut long em = yell for someon No. 14: resis = competition; pait = a fight; pilai = play; gem = a game; kosa = a coach. No. 15: lok:lokim:lokapim = a lock:to lock:to lock someone up; han:* hanim:* hansapim = hand:*to hand:*to hand up something; (hensapim = to rob, holdup); kotkotim:*kotapim = court:to court someone:*to court up someone; go: * goim:goapim = go:*to go someone:to climb something, to impregnate; san:*sanim:sanapim = sun:*to sun something:to stand something up. No. 16: strongpela ia pon = durable earphones, therefore: tep rekota = a tape recorder; smok balus = a jet airplane; telepon = telephone; trakta = a tractor; *iapas pon = deaf phone, or phone for the deaf. No. 17: wokman = a working person or labourer; raskel = a criminal; kiap = a government officer; rebel paitman = a dissident; benk menesa = bank manager. No. 18: paitim nating kundu = to make noise or talk aimlessly, therefore arguing against someone; supporting someone = helpim, apim; asking someone something = askim; helping someone = helpim; thinking about something = tingting long. No. 19: Hopefully not spak brus = marijuana; daka = betel pepper; kango = water cress; ka wa war = ginger; hebsen = peas (also called pi). No. 20: doti muvi = pornographic movie; video muvi = a video; mini siris = a mini-series; sarere nail muvi = Saturday night movie; katun muvi = cartoon movi

72

73 INDEX The following list includes all of the Tok Pisin words which have appeared in the Traim tasol booklet. abrusim - to dodge, avoid abus - meat, flesh, animal abusirn - to mix ai - eye aigris - wink ainim - to iron aipas - blind ais - ice amamas - happiness ambrela - umbrella ami - army anian - onion anka - anchor antap - on top apil - appeal apim - to lift up arakain - another kind arapela - other one arasait - other side of arere - edge, bank as - basis, substance Asaro - river in EHP asde - yesterday askim - to ask asprinl aspro - asprin asua - fault aut- out autim - to reveal autsait - outside bagarap - to be ruined bagarapirn - to destrop, ruin bai - later, in the future bairn - to buy bairo - ballpoint pen balaisirn - to splice balus - airplane, bird bam - collision banara - bow (and arrow) 65 banis - fence banisirn - to enclose baret- ditch batapjai - butterfly bateri - battery baut - curve, bend bautim - to turn around bebi - baby bek - bag, back bekirn - to return, pay back bel - stomach, emotion belo - bell, noon, signal bernbe - butterfly benk - bank ben. in - benzine, gasoline bet - bed beten - prayer bihain - later bihainim - to follow bihaintairn - later on bikmaus - to shout, loudspeaker bikmausim - to shout at bikpela - large bikrot - main road biksi - waves bilas - decorations bilasirn - to decorate, insult bilong - posses$ive marker bilum - net bag bin - been, past tense binen - bee bipo - before birua - enemy, accident bis - beads bisnis - business bisnisman - businessman blakbokis - fl ying fox blakbot - blackboard blaus - blouse

74 66 Traim laso/ b1esim - to bless b10k - block (and tackle) b1ut - blood boamasin - brace (and bit) bodi - body boi - boy, young man bokis - case, box boksen - to box bo1 - ball born - bomb bos - boss bosboi - foreman bosim - to boss boskru - sailors, crew bot01 - bottle brasbei - knapsack brata - brother bret- bread bringim - to bring bris - bridge bruk - to be broken brukim - to break bromim - to sweep bros - tobacco buai - betel nut buk - book bukim - to book, schedule bu1makau - cow buisitman - liar bun - bone bung - meeting bungim - to collect, gather bus - bush, jungle, forest busman - unsophisticated person busnaip - bush knife buspaui - bush hen busrot - bushroad dai - die daka - betel pepper danis - dance das - dust daun - down daunim - to put down, humiliate de - day debuk - exercise book demdem - snail dewei - shadow, devil dinau - debt dis - dish disei - diesel dispeja - this one diwai - tree dok - dog dokta - doctor doktaboi - medical assistant (colonial) donki -donkey doti - to be dirty drai - to be dry draipeia - extreme, huge draiva - driver draivaboi - driver (colonial) driman - dream dring - drink dringim - to drink dull - door eksasais - exercise Elimbari - mountain in EHP em - he, she, it en - it, he, she ensin - engine eramautim - to inform fa iv - five liull - fann fa mili - family fikus - fig fiva - fe ver flai - to fly fu t - foot, let gaden - garden galip - nut, peanut gam - bailer shell gan - gun garamut - drum gat - to have gavman - government giaman - lie, deceive Giluwe - mountain in SHP gip - poison girigiri - cowrie shell git - caulking. givim - to give gjasim - to inspect go - to go goap - to go up goapim - to climb, copulate

75 Vocabulary testing in Tok Pisin 67 gras - grass graun - ground grile - tinea gris - butter, fat grisim - to entice, bribe gumi - rubber, plastic guria - tremble, earthquake gutpela - to be good Hagen - town in WHP haiden - heathen hailens - highlands haisim - to hoist hait - hidden haitim - to hide haiwe - highway ham aim - to hammer ham as - how much? hambak - arrogant han - hand hangamapim - to hang up hangan - hand gun hankap - handcuffs hanpas - bracelet hanrait - handwriting han was - wristwatch hap - part of, direction of hapasde - day before yesterday hapkas - half-caste haptumora - day after tomorrow harim - to obey, listen to hat - to be hot hatim - to heat hatwok - hard work haus - house hausik - hospital hausman - men's house hebsen - peas helpim - to help hensapim - to rob het - head hetisa - head teacher hetkela - bald hetman - head man, leader hevi - heavy hipim - to heap, pile holim - to hold hos - horse hukim - to hook huj - hole i-grammatical particle ia - ear iapas - deaf inap - enough inapim - satisfy indai - to be dead ingpen - inkpen insait - inside isi - softly, quietly jas - judge jek - jack ka - car kabis - cabbage kago - cargo, goods kaikai - food kaikaim - to bite kain - kind, type Kainantu - town in EHP kakajak - cockroach kakao - cocao tree kakaruk - chicken kakatu - cockatoo kalabus - gaol kalap - to jump, leap kalapim - to jump over kajenda - calendar kam - to come kamap - to become kamapim - to originate, reveal kamautim - to reveal kambang - lime gourd kamda - carpenter kamdaun - to come down kanaka - bush person, unsophisticated kanda - cane vine kandere - relative on mother's side kango - watercress kanu - canoe kap - cup kapa - iron roofing, tin kapiak - breadfruit kapsait - to be spilt kapsaitim - to pour out kapul - opossum, wallaby kapupu - break wind karamap - to be covered

76 68 Traim laso/ karamapim - to cover up karanas - volcanic ash, coral karim - to carry karuka - pandanus tree kas - cards kasin - cousin kaskas - scabies kaswel - castor oil katim - to cut, slice katu - shell, crab katun - cartoon kauboi - cowboy kaunim - to count, read kaunsil - council ka wa war - ginger root kawiwi - wild betel nut kerasin - kerosine Kerowagi - town in Simbu Province kes - case kiap - government officer kiau - egg kik - competition kikim - to kick kilim - to kill, injure kina - mother of pearl kindam - crayfish, shrimp kirap - get up, start kirapim - to awaken kisim - to fetch klaut - cloud klia - clear klok - clock kios - clothes kiostu - close kokeru - rooster kokomo - horn bill kokonas - coconut kol - cold kolim - to call kolta - tar, pitch kom - comb komim - to comb kona - corner kopi - coffee kosa - coach kostim - to cost, charge kot- court kotpepa - summons krai - cry kranki - wrong, incorrect Krismas - Christmas Kristen - Christian kroba - crowbar krosim - to be angry with kru - shoot, sprout kruhet - blockhead krungut - crooked, twisted krungutim - to trample, twist kuk - cook kuka - crab kukbuk - cookbook kukim - to cook kulau - green coconut kumu - greens kumul - bird of paradise kunai - swordgrass kundu - drum kus - cold, mucus kusai - deceit kusaiman - liar, deceiver kuskus - clerk, secretary kwiktaim - quickly laif- life laik - want to, like to laikim - to like, love lait - light laitim - to light laki - lucky, cards lala - tailorfish lalai - trochus shell lam - lamp lap - laugh lap lap - cloth Japun - old larim - to leave off, alone Jas - last laus - louse les - tired, lazy lesman - lazy person let - belt leta - letter of alphabet lewa - liver, heart, love liklik - small limbum - black palm lim lim bur - stroll litimapim - to lift up, honour

77 Vocabulary testing in Tok Pisin 69 Joli - sweets, candy Jong - at, by, for, et JongpeJa - to be long Jongtaim - a long time Jongwe - distant Jotu - church Juk - appear Jukaut - watch for Jukim - to see Jukluk - watch Juksave - recognise Juksi - look closely at JuJuai - colonial village official Jus - lost Jusim - to leave mak - mark, scar, tattoo makim - to mark, choose makmak - motley coloured maj - G-string majaria - malaria majeo - eel majojo - rest majumaju - soggy, pliabl e mama - mother mambu - bamboo mami - yam mangalim - to cov et man - man, person mani - money manki - young person manmeri - people marasin - medicine mareo - timber tree marija - love charm marit - marriage, to marry marita - pandanus fruit marrnar - Jacaranda tree mas - must masajai - ghost, bush spirit masej - muscle masin - machine masis - matches masket - gun maski - never mind maskim - to disregard masta - expatriate, colonial mat-mat matmat - grav e, cemetery maunten - mountain maus - mouth mausgras - moustache mauswara - chatter mekim - to make meknais - move mekpas - bundle, parcel meme - goat Mendi - town in SHP menesa - manager meri - woman metaim - to measure milo - timber tree mipela - we but not those addressed mismis - clan, totem brothers mit - meat mitupela - the two of us moka - exchange moran - python mosong - fuzz motabaik - motorcycle muli - fruit mumu - earth ov en mumut - bandicoot mumutim - to scavenge mun - moon, month muruk - cassowary musmus - bedbug muvi - movie na - and nabaut - around, about naip - knife naispe/a - nice nait - night namba - number, important nambatu - second nambawan - best nambis - coast namel - middle, centre narape/a - different nating - nothing natnat - mosquito nau - now nek - neck nem - name niuspepa - newspaper nogat - no, nothing nogut - bad, ev il