Allusions- Juxtaposition - Parallelism. Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

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1 Allusions- Juxtaposition - Parallelism Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

2 Stuff you should know What is meant by allusion Juxtaposition Parallelism

3 Allusion Reference to something well-known from the Bible, literature, or history

4 Allusion ALLUSION in a literary text is a reference, either explicit or hinted, to a well-known person, place, or event, or to another literary text. It s my birthday! Just like Honest Abe, he walked back and returned the money he had been mistakenly given.

5 Allusion The writer explains neither the nature nor the relevance of the reference. Does anyone here know the story or nature of the reference?

6 Allusion The effect of the allusion depends upon the reader's knowledge and his or her recognition of the reference.

7 Allusion Prior to the twentieth century, authors could reasonably presume that educated readers would recognize references to the Bible and the classics. The Bible is the Western World s oldest form of literature.

8 Allusion An allusion is an economical way of calling upon the history or the literary tradition that the author and reader share. An allusion often presents a parallel situation, or universalizes the specific.

9 Biblical Allusions Stevenson, brought up in a Presbyterian home, found that biblical allusions were a useful way of delineating good and evil.

10 Biblical Allusions In the first chapter, the narrator Utterson remarks quaintly that he inclines to Cain's heresy--he "lets his brother go to the Devil. In other words, be as bad as he likes

11 Biblical Allusion The reference to the Genesis 4 functions as more than a clever quip It foreshadowing: the good brother (Jekyll) must murder the evil brother (Hyde) to save the world from the actions of a sadist.

12 Biblical Allusion The irony is that in Genesis it was the evil brother (Cain) who slew the good brother (Abel) The reference is appropriate since Hyde wishes to take over the body and possessions of his elder brother. Indeed, Hyde's physical deformity, which produces revulsion in anyone who sees him, may be related to his bearing the mark of Cain, the first murderer.

13 Historical Allusions British writer and reader, both schooled in Latin and Greek Allusions to the history, philosophy, and mythology of Greece and Rome were extremely useful

14 Historical Allusions In British-controlled India, the followers of the eighth incarnation of Vishna, Jagannath ('Lord of the World'), annually dragged in procession a statue of the deity on an enormous car. Under the wheels many devotees are said to have flung themselves to escape the cycle of karma- samsara (reincarnation)

15 Historical Allusion Hyde tramples the child as if he were "some damned Juggernaut."

16 Historical Allusion Dr. Lanyon likens the early relationship between himself and Jekyll to that of Damon and Pythias. Historically, their friendship was so strong that the former put up his life as bail for the latter, who was sentenced to death by King Dionysius.

17 Historical Allusion Lanyon and Jekyll are former school mates and fellow medical practitioners After a lifetime of shared confidences, Jekyll and Lanyon are no longer "Damon and Pythias

18 Allusion Stevenson utilizes allusions to underscore certain fundamental themes of the novella. Although these underlying meanings appear coded to modern readers, they were transparent to educated nineteenth-century readers.

19 Juxtaposition The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

20 Juxtaposition placed side by side often for comparison; "juxtaposed pictures"

21 Juxtaposition What comparison or contrast is being made by this picture? (A) Answer in a sentence:

22 Juxtaposition In a sentence explain what is juxtaposed in this picture? (B) Use the space provided:

23 Juxtaposition read the passage The court was very cool and a little damp, and full of premature twilight, although the sky, high up overhead, was still bright with sunlight. (use pace on bottom of page)sketch or write what you think is being juxtaposed in this excerpt from the novel.

24 Juxtaposition When Utterson goes with Poole to Jekyll s house.. (C) What do you think is juxtaposed about this passage? The hall, when they entered, was brightly lighted up; the fire built high; and about the hearth the whole of servants, men and women, stood huddled together like a flock of sheep. At the sight of Mr. Utterson, the house maid broke into hysterical whimpering

25 Respond (D)How is juxtaposition used by Stevenson to remind the reader of the duality of man, nature and even cities?

26 Parallelism Rhetorical Devise topic three

27 Parallelism Two or more words, phrases, or clauses that are similar in length and grammatical form. By convention, items in a series appear in parallel grammatical form: a noun is listed with other nouns, an -ing form with other -ing forms, and so on. Failure to express such items in similar grammatical form is called faulty parallelism.

28 Parallism Mr. Utterson the lawyer was a man of rugged countenance that was never lighted by a smile; cold, scanty and embarrassed in discourse; backward in sentiment; lean, long, dusty, dreary and yet somehow lovable.

29 Parallelism With that he blew out his candle, put on a greatcoat, and set forth in the direction of Cavendish Square Particularly small and particularly wicked-looking, is what the maid calls him.

30 Parallelism Parallel structures include word or phrase patterns that are similar.

31 Parallelism When ideas in a sentence or paragraph are similar, you can reinforce these similarities in meaning through creating parallel structures.

32 Parallelism Effective parallelism creates symmetry in sentences and adds force to your writing; it emphasizes the likeness between two or more ideas.

33 Parallelism What makes this newspaper add effective is parallelism. Discuss

34 On the back of your paper try these If the example is parallel write yes If it is not parallel write no You will have 6 examples.

35 Parallel? Yes or No. 1. My degree, my work experience, and ability to complete complicated projects qualify me for the job. 2. My degree, my work experience, and my ability to complete complicated projects qualify me for the job.

36 Parallel? Yes or No 3. My family and I went to Hawaii for Christmas and spent our time surfing, sunbathing, and on hikes 4. Barbra and her son love to fly kites, to bake cookies, and to read good books.

37 Parallel? Yes or No? When I was a teenager, I was a cook at a fast-food restaurant, delivered newspapers, and then I worked as a valet. I enjoy long walks on the beach, eating gourmet food, and to stargaze on a clear night.

38 Check your answers Continue and complete

39 Answers 1. No 2. Yes 3. No 4. Yes 5. No 6. No You will now be given three sentences. If it is parallel write okay by your number. If it is not parallel, write it out making it parallel.

40 Put in your own words, please What is allusion? What is juxtaposition? What is parallelism?

41 Stuff you should do Please hand in your notes for your participation grade - you may also