Classifying Chemical Reactions. Chemistry 11/Science 10

Transcription

1 Classifying Chemical Reactions In this activity, students can recognize the similarities for each type of chemical reaction, and how one type of reaction differs from another reaction. Chemistry 11/Science 10 Curriculum Connections: BC Chemistry 11 (2006) D1 - explain chemical reactions in terms of the rearrangement of the atoms as bonds are broken and new bonds are formed BC Science 10 (2008) C4 - analyse chemical reactions, including reference to conservation of mass and rate of reaction Posted to TeachBC by BC Science Teachers Association Author: Victor Pong Originally shared as part of a BCScTA Idea Exchange

2 This activity was contributed by Victor Pong of Moscrop Secondary School in Burnaby to the 2003 Catalyst Idea Exchange. It addresses BC Learning Outcomes in Science 10 and Chemistry 11. Rationale: Concept Attainment - classifying chemical reactions Students generally have difficulty recognizing the different types of chemical reactions (synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, neutralization and combustion). Each type of reaction has a general form, for example: synthesis reactions usually involve two elements combining to form one compound; combustion reactions involve oxygen gas as a reactant etc. One way to alleviate the confusion is to do a concept attainment activity. Hopefully through the activity, students can recognize the similarities for each type of reaction, and how one type of reaction differs from another reaction. Students can work in small groups on a specific reaction, reach a consensus as to what is happening in the reaction and then share their answers with the rest of the class. CLASSIFYING CHEMICAL REACTIONS: SYNTHESIS The following are examples of synthesis: The following are NOT examples of synthesis: C (g) + O 2(g) CO 2(g) C 3 H 8(g) + 5O 2(g) 3CO 2(g) + 4H 2 O (g) H (g) + F 2(g) 2HF (g) 2H 2 O 2(l) 2H 2 O (l) + O 2(g) N (g) + 3H 2(g) 2NH 3(g) Mg (s) + CuSO 4(aq) MgSO 4(aq) + Cu (s) Fe (s) + I 2(g) FeI 2(g) Fe(NO 3 ) 2 + MgS (aq) Fe 2 S (s) + Mg(O 3 ) 2(aq) Which of the following are examples of synthesis? a) 2AlCl 3(aq) + 3Na 2 CO 3(aq) Al 2 (CO 3 ) 3(s) + 6NaCl (aq) b) 4Al (s) 3O 2(g) 2Al 2 O 3(s) c) H 2(g) + Cl 2(g) 2HCl (g) d) CH 4(g) + 2O 2(g) CO 2(g) + 2H 2 O (g) e) 2ICl (g) I 2(g) + Cl 2(g) In your own words, give a definition of synthesis. Begin with Synthesis is a chemical reaction in which...

3 CLASSIFYING CHEMICAL REACTIONS: SINGLE REPLACEMENT 2 The following are examples of single replacement: CuCl 2(aq) + Fe (s) FeCl 2(aq) + Cu (s) The following are NOT examples of single replacement: 2NO 2 N 2(g) + 2O 2(g) Cl 2(aq) + 2KI (aq) I 2 (aq) + 2KCl (aq) HNO 3(aq) + LiOH (aq) LiNO 3(aq) + H 2 O (l) Cu (s) + 2AgNO 3(aq) 2Ag (s) + Cu(NO 3 ) 2(aq) Fe(NO 3 ) 2 + MgS (aq) Fe 2 S(s) + Mg(NO 3 ) 2(aq) 4Cr (s) + 3SnCl 4(aq) 4CrCl 3(aq) + 3Sn (s) CH 4(g) + 2O 2(g) CO 2(g) + 2H 2 O (g) Which of the following are examples of single replacement? a) Cl 2(aq) + CaBr (aq) CaCl 2 (aq) + Br 2(aq) d) CuI 2(aq) + Fe (s) FeI 2(aq) + Cu (s) b) 4Na (s) + O 2(g) 2Na 2 O (s) e) CaCO 3(s) CaO (s) + CO 2(g) c) Sr(OH) 2(aq) + 2HBr (aq) 2H 2 O (l) + SrBr 2(aq) In your own words, give a definition of a single replacement. Begin with Single replacement a chemical reaction in which... CLASSIFYING CHEMICAL REACTIONS: DECOMPOSITION The following are examples of decomposition: The following are NOT examples of decomposition: 2H 2 O 2(l) 2H 2 O (l) + O 2(g) Cl 2(g) + 2KI (aq) 2KCl (aq) + I 2(g) N 2 O (g) N 2(g) + O 2(g) N 2(g) + 3H 2(g) 2NH 3(g) PCl 5(s) PCl 3(s) + Cl 2(g) HNO 3(aq) + LiOH (aq) LiNO 3(aq) + H 2 O (l) MgCl 2(s) Mg (s) + Cl 2(g) 2C 2 H 6(g) + 7O 2(g) 4CO 2(g) + 6H 2 O (g Which of the following are examples of decomposition? a) 2Al (s) + 3S (s) Al 2 S 3(s) d) HCl (aq) + KOH (aq) KCl (aq) + H 2 O (l) b) 2NO 2(g) N 2(g) + 2O 2(g) e) 2HBr (aq) H 2(g) + Br 2(g) c) Ni(NO 3 ) 2(aq) + Zn(s) Zn(NO 3 ) 2(aq) + Ni (s) In your own words, give a definition of decomposition. Begin with Decomposition is a chemical reaction in which..

4 CLASSIFYING CHEMICAL REACTIONS: DOUBLE REPLACEMENT 3 The following are examples of double replacement: Fe(NO 3 ) 2(aq) + MgS (aq) Fe 2 S (s) + Mg(NO 3 ) 2(aq) The following are NOT examples of double replacement: Cl 2(aq) + CaBr 2(aq) CaCl 2 (aq) + Br 2(aq) 2AlCl 3(aq) + 3Na 2 CO 3(aq) Al 2 (CO 3 ) 3(s) + NaCl (aq) 3SnCl 4(aq) + 4Cr (s) 4CrCl 3(aq) + 3Sn (s) 3Na 2 SO 4(aq) + 3Pb(NO 3 ) 2(aq) 2LiBr (aq) + CuCO 3(s) PCl 5(s) PCl 3(s) + Cl 2(g) Li 2 CO 3(aq) + CuBr 2 (aq) 2LiBr (aq) + CuCO 3(s) H 2(g) + F 2 (g) 2HF (g) Which of the following are examples of double replacement? a) KNO 3(aq) 2KNO 2(aq) + O 2 (g) d) BaCl 2(aq) + H 2 SO 4(aq) 2HCl (aq) + BaSO 4(s) b) 2AlBr 3(aq) + 3Cl 2(g) 2AlCl 3(aq) + 3Br 2(g) e) 2HBr (aq) H 2(g) + Br 2(g) c) AgNO 3(aq) + NaI (aq) AgI (s) + NaNO 3(aq) In your own words, give a definition of double replacement. Begin with Double replacement is a chemical reaction in which... CLASSIFYING CHEMICAL REACTIONS: COMBUSTION The following are examples of combustion: The following are NOT examples of combustion: CH 4(g) + O 2(g) CO 2(g) + 2H 2 O (g) 3Ca (s) + N 2(g) Ca 3 N 2(s) C 2 H 5 OH (l) + 3O 2(g) 2CO 2(g) + 3H 2 O (g) Fe(NO 3 ) 2(aq) + 2K (s) 2KNO 3(aq) + Fe (s) 2Mg (s) + O 2(g) 2MgO (s) 6CO 2(g) + 6H 2 O (l) C 6 H 12 O 6(s) + O 2(g) 2KNO 3(s) 2KNO 2(s) + O 2(g) 2H 2 S (g) + 3O 2(g) 2SO 2(g) + 2H 2 O (g) Which of the following are examples of combustion? a) 4Cu (s) + O 2(g) 2Cu 2 O (s) d) C 4 H 8(g) + 4O 2(g) 4CO 2(g) + 4H 2 O (l) b) 2Na (s) + 2H 2 O (l) 2NaOH (aq) + H 2(g) e) 2O 2(g) + N 2(g) 2NO 2(g) c) 2Al (s) + 3Cl 2(g) 2AlCl 3(s)

5 In your own words, give a definition of combustion. Begin with Combustion is a chemical reaction in which... CLASSIFYING CHEMICAL REACTIONS: NEUTRALIZATION The following are examples of neutralization: The following are NOT examples of neutralization: Sr(OH) 2(aq) + 2HBr (aq) 2H 2 O (l) + SrBr 2(aq) 2AlCl 3(aq) + 3Na 2 CO 3(aq) Al 2 (CO 3 ) 3(s) H 2 CO 3(aq) + 2NaOH (aq) Na 2 CO 3(aq) + 2H 2 O (l) + 6NaCl (aq) HCl (aq) + LiOH (aq) H 2 O (l) + LiCl (aq) AgNO 3(aq) + NaI (aq) AgI (s) + NaNO 3(aq) NaOH (aq) + HNO 3(aq) NaNO 3(aq) + H 2 O (l) 3Na 2 SO 4(aq) + 3Pb(NO 3 ) 3(aq) 3PbSO 4(s) + 6NaNO 3(aq) CaCO 3(s) CaO (s) + CO 2(g) Which of the following are examples of neutralization? a) H 3 PO 4(aq) + 3NaOH (aq) Na 3 PO 4(aq) + 3H 2 O (l) b) C 6 H 12(l) + 8O 2(g) 5CO 2(g) + 6H 2 O (l) c) 2AlBr 3(aq) + 3Cl 2(g) 2AlCl 3(aq) + 2H 2 O (l) d) H 2 SO 4(aq) + Sr(OH) 2(aq) SrSO 4(s) + 2H 2 O (l) e) Fe(NO 3 ) 2(aq) + MgS (aq) Fe 3 S 2(s) + Mg(NO 3 ) 2(aq) In your own words, give a definition of neutralization. Begin with Neutralization is a chemical reaction in which...