HISTORY OF THE CINEMA INDUSTRY Copied from an old library book by unknown publisher. Additional information about Gaumont Organisation added by

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1 HISTORY OF THE CINEMA INDUSTRY Copied from an old library book by unknown publisher. Additional information about Gaumont Organisation added by Laurence George Max Miller.

2 HISTORY OF THE CINEMA INDUSTRY Copied from an old library book by unknown publisher. Additional information about Gaumont Organisation added by Laurence George Max Miller LUMIERE Bros., with M. Trewiy as cameraman, gave first Commercial film show at the Polytechnic Regent Street, London Walter & Turner First film renting company in Great Britain GAUMONT Company is set up in Great Britain by A.C. Bromhead and T.A. Welsch 1901 Cricks & Sharp, Production Co., starts up at Mitcham, Surrey. PATHE establishes a branch in London WALTURDAW CO. is formed by Walter & Turner 1906 HALE'S TOURS opens in Oxford St. London. Audience sees travelogues while seated (and shaken), in a mock-up railway coach SOUND RECORDING SYSTEMS: GAUMONT synchronised sound and film known as the "Chronophonograph' and the "Elgephone", invented by Leon Gaumont in Cinematophone" (Walturdaw), and "Vivaphone, are well established. Kinematograph Weekly launched GAUMONT organizes the first TRADE SHOW. Two early British cinema circuits: "Electric Theatre" and "Biograph' launched PROVINCIAL CINEMATOGRAPH THEATRES LTD. is formed, with Ralph Jupp announced as Managing Director. CONTINUOUS PERFORMANCES became the general rule in cinemas FILM. "From Gypsy hands", Cricks and Martin, producers FILM: "Scott's Antartic Expedition' by GAUMONT FILM: "Sydney Street siege" by GAUMONT 1912 BRITISH BOARD OF FILM CENSORS established. MERTON PARK STUDIOS and BUSHEY STUDIOS opened "The Derby" (GAUMONT). One of the most famous scoops of all time; Gaumont cameraman photographs death of a suffragette Emily Davison, who threw herself in front of King's horse TWICKENHAM STUDIOS (the largest film studios) opened by London Films Ltd BOREHAM WOOD - STUDIOS built. The first true ANIMATED CARTOONS appear in Britain, made by Lancelot Speed. The MARBLE ARCH PAVILION is opened IDEAL FILMS, formally a renting company, enters production at Boreham Wood Studios. SCALA THEATRE, London, taken over for showing of Griffith's "Birth of a Nation" "Battle of the Somme". Director of photography: J. B. McDowell. (5 reels). A striking film showing the first British tanks in action T. P. O'Connor is appointed FILM CENSOR CINEMATOGRAPH TRADE BENEVOLENT FUND set up Henry Edwards starts as HEPWORTH's Director. BRITISH LION operates at Boreham Wood Studios Provincial Cinematograph Theatres owns some seventy cinemas. "Alf's Button" produced. First SUPER CINEMA opened at Dalston, London. ALFRED HITCHCOCK starts work with "Famous Players", writing and designing titles FILM: "Squibs". Featuring Betty Balfour, Mary Brough. WILLIAM FRIESE-GREENE, British inventor of cinematograph apparatus, dies.

3 1922 BEACONSFIELD STUDIOS opened. GAUMONT COMPANY BECOMES WHOLLY BRITISH: "GAUMONT BRITISH" TIVOL THEATRE, Strand, London is opened 1924 GAINBOROUGH PICTURES start production The CAPITOL CINEMA, Haymarket, London, is opened. FILM: "The Flag Lieutenant", featuring Henry Edwards. (8,900ft) 1926 BRITISH NATIONAL build new studios at Elstree. PLAZA CINEMA, Lower Regent Street, London: and also the PLAZA, Kensington, London; claimed to be the largest cinemas in England GAUMONT BRITISH PICTURE CORPORATION formed, and PROVINCIAL CINEMATOGRAPH THEATRES, becomes associated with it. Herbert Wilcox opens new studios at Elstree, known as BRITISH AND DOMINION FILM CORPORATION. GRANADA organises first regular CHILDREN'S MATINEES. ASTORIA CINEMA, Charing Cross Road, London: opens GAUMONT COMPANY is at this time, located in Sherwood Street, Piccadilly, London. (Showroom, and other departments, with Goods entrance in adjoining Denman Street.) Staff, as remembered by L. G. Miller, at that time: Sales Manager: Assist. Sales Manager: Showroom clerks: Mr. P. G. N. Hammond. Mr. Snook. Messrs. Hopwood, Kendall, St. John Film Dept. Proj. Room: Messrs. Jack Abbot, Tokeley, Hunt, Greene (?). Traveller: Ace Cameraman: Stock Department: Chief Engineer: Engineers: Goods Department: Packing Department: Packers: Lady Secretaries: Mr. Lee Harris. Mr. Jack Ross. Mr. "Fel" Feldwick. (Manager). L. G. Miller, assistant. Mr. Tom Hargrave. Messrs. Jenner, Henry Nicoll, "Auntie" Law, Cockett. Mr. Bill Leverett. (Manager). Mr. Harry Orpin, assistant. Mr. "Curly" Whitby, Chief Packer and Carpenter. Mr. Jack Cole: Alf Ladbury, Charlie Brown, "Mush" Gray, Tom Beasley. Miss Wetherell, (Showroom). Miss Jolliffe, (Film Dept). (Apologies to any personnal omitted.) Mrs. Collins, tea lady GAUMONT BRITISH offices, and also GAUMONT FILM STORAGE VAULTS, (under managership of Mr. Wood), were then located in Denman St. THE INDUSTRY BRACES ITSELF FOR SOUND: The arrival of the SYNCHRONOUS SOUND AND PICTURE. The original GAUMONT STUDIOS, (Mr. Templeman), Lime Grove, Shepherds Bush: become home of GAINSBOROUGH PICTURES. EMPIRE, Leicester Square, and REGAL, Marble Arch, London, opened CARLTON, Haymarket, London, changes over to films FILM: "Piccadilly, featuring Anna May Wong. FILM: "High Treason, GAUMONT'S FIRST SOUND FEATURE. The introduction of the 'BRITISH ACOUSTIC SOUND SYSTEM' in a full length feature. (Note: The Works of the B. A. F. Co., at this time, were located adjacent to the Palladium, in Argyle Street, London, under managership of Mr. Minor.

4 C. M. Woolfe becomes Joint Managing Director of GAUMONT BRITISH, now taken over by the OSTRER BROTHERS New studios opened at Ealing. LEICESTER SQUARE THEATRE, London: turns to films. The first ODEON opens at Perry Bar, Birmingham. GRANADA, Dover, in the Moorish style, and the enormous "Italian Renaissance" TROCADRO, at Elephant and Castle, London opens Michael Balcon begins his five years as Director of Production at both ISLINGTON (GAINSBOROUGH), and GAUMONT BRITISH at Shepherds Bush Studios FILM: "Rome Express", featuring Conrad Veidt, GAUMONT BRITISH the first production at the new studios opened in Lime Grove and "Jack's the Boy", featuring Jack Hulbert end Cicely Courtneidge, at the Shepherds Bush Studios, (GAINSBOROUGH). LIME GROVE STUDIOS OPENED BY GAUMONT BRITISH FILM: 'Private Life of Henry VIII", featuring Charles Laughton by LONDON FILMS. FILM: 'Friday the thirteenth', featuring Jessie Matthews, Sonnie Hale, Edmund Gwen. (GAINSBOROUGH)_ Note. During the early thirties, the Gaumont Company transferred their premises to FILM HOUSE, Wardour Street,London. Mr. P. G. N. Hammond the original Sales Manager had left the firm, and his Place was taken by Mr. Lamb. The new Showroom occupied the first floor facing Wrdour Street, while the Engineering, Stock Department, Goods, and Packing, were all housed in a basement at the rear of the building, approached by a long sloping passageway, from Great Chapel Street. SHEPPERTON STUDIOS opened at Littlewood Park. G. P. O. FILM UNIT formed. J. ARTHUR RANK becomes interested in films. CURZON CINEMA, Mayfair, London, the last word in luxury cinemas opens. BRITISH FILM INSTITUTE established FILM: "The Man who knew too much' (GAUMONT BRITISH),featuring Leslie Banks. Nova Pilbeam, Peter Lorre. FILM: 'Evergreen", featuring Jessie Mathews, Sonnie Hale, Betty Balfour. (GAUMONT BRITISH) FILM: 'Boys will be Boys", featuring Will Hay, Gordon Harker, Claude Dampier. (GAINSBOROUGH). FILM: "Man of Arran". (GAUMONT). J. ARTHUR RANK FORMS BRITISH INTERNATIONAL FILMS. LONDON PAVILION becomes a cinema. CINEMA HOUSE, THE STUDIO, later divided into STUDIO ONE & TWO. RITZ CINEMA, Leicester Square, London, opens. 300 Cinemas in Britain. 20% have under 500 seats 3.5% " " 2,000 " 1935 Film The Thirtynine Steps, featuring Madeline Carroll, Robert Donat, Godfrey Tearle. (GAUMONT BRITISH). FILM: "Saunders of the River", featuring Paul Robeson, Leslie Banks. LONDON FILMS. FILM: "Scarlet Pimpernel", featuring Merle Oberon, Leslie Howard, Raymond Massey. LONDON FILMS. FILM: "The Iron Duke", featuring George Arliss, Ellaine Terress, Gladys Cooper. (GAUMONT BRITISH). GENERAL FILM DISTRIBUTORS is set up by J. ARTHUR RANK, and C. M. WOOLF. PINEWOOD STUDIOS opened, with J. ARTHUR RANK as Chairman. WARNER BROS. start production at Teddington Studios. THE NATIONAL FILM ARCHIVE is inaugurated FILM: "Things to Come'; featuring Raymond Massey, Ann Todd. LONDON FILMS. FILM: "Rembrandt', featuring Charles Laughton, Gertrude Lawrence. LONDON FILMS.

5 FILM: "The Secret Agent", featuring Madeline Carrol, John Guilgud, Peter Lorre, Michael Redgrve. (GAUMONT BRITISH) FILM: "The Great Barrier". (GAUMONT BRITISH). FILM: "Rhodes of Africa". (GAUMONT BRITISH). TECHNICOLOUR open studios in London. STATE KILBURN cinema opens. The LARGEST CINEMA IN EUROPE FILM: " The Young and the Innocent", featuring Nova Pilbeam, Arthur Rigby. (GAINSBOROUGH). FILM: " Oh, Mr. Porter', featuring Will Hay, Moore Marriot, Graham Moffat. (GAINSBOROUGH). FILM: "Elephant Boy", featuring Sabu. LONDON FILMS. GAUMONT BRITISH CLOSE SHEPHERDS BUSH STUDIOS. ODEON, Leicester Square, and CLASSIC, Baker Street, London, opens 1938 FILM: "Pygmalion", featuring Leslie Howard, Wilfred Lawson, Wendy Hillier. FILM: "The Lady Vanishes", featuring Margaret Lockwood, Michael Redgrave. (GAINSBOROUGH). WARNER CINEMA, Leicester Square, London, opens on site of Daly's Theatre. Note: In the early 1930 s British Acoustic Films Limited, transferred their premises from Argyle Street, London, to their new factory at Woodger Road, Shepherds Bush, West London. (Dr. O. K. Kolb being in charge of the Laboratories, and Mr. Leslie H. Bacon connected with the develonment of the B. A. F. Sound Recording System. "Duosonic" being one of the trade names of the wide frequency range systems.) 1939 J. ARTHUR RANK becomes member of the ODEON BOARD, and the circuit takes over PARAMOUNT THEATRES. ALL CINEMAS were closed on September 3rd, later were open to 10.00pm. in "neutral', and "reception" areas. Many cinemas are requisitioned for war purposes. For example, food is stored at PINEWOOD studios, and parts of DENHAM and ELSTREE are taken over. ASSOCIATED BRITISH PICTURES move to 'Welwyn. The PRINCE OF WALES THEATRE, Piccadilly converts to film exhibition for the screening of Chaplin's "The Great Dictator" 1941 J. ARTHUR RANK is Chairman of ODEON (306 cinemas), and GAUMONT BRITISH (251 cinemas). The BRITISH FILM PRODUCER'S ASSOCIATION formed. About 170 cinemas closed by ENEMY ACTION. BRITISH ACOUSTIC FILMS moves to Mitcheldean C. M. WOLFF dies ODEON forms a CHILDREN'S CINEMA CLUB. LESLIE HOWARD killed in a plane destroyed by enemy action The RANK ORGANISATION forms a Children s Entertainment Division under Mary Field Cinemas have been destroyed by enemy action J. ARTHUR RANK launches "This Modern Age". The BRITISH FILM ACADEMY formed. JOHN DAVIS becomes Managing Director of the RANK ORGANIZATION 1947 C IRCU IT MAN A GE MENT A S SO CI ATION is formed, comprising the ODEON and GAUMONT BRITISH circuits ABC ELSTREE STUDIOS opened. H A M M E R F I L M S C O M P A N Y i s f o r m e d w i t h s t u d i o s at Bray I S L I N G T O N S T U D I O S a r e c l os e d. J. ARTHUR RANK sells LIME GROVE STUDIOS, SHEPHERDS BUSH, to the BRITISH BROADCASTING COMPANY for TELEVISION Studios.