WINTER + plus. the. A Fan of Film? With all the movies we watch today, the history of motion pictures is just amazing!

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1 the h t u o y of n for o i t a c i l b u p a ers b m e m h t u o SNPJ y uary y/ F e b r J a n u aorlu me 98 I s s ue 1 V o t n i g n i g dig WINTER + plus A Fan of Film? With all the movies we watch today, the history of motion pictures is just amazing! Did You Know? It s winter, and time for some cold, hard facts in The VOY trivia!

the of youth a publication for SNPJ youth members Volume 98 Issue 1 SNPJ VOICE OF

National Benefit Society 247 West Allegheny Road, Imperial, PA 15126-9774.

Magazine began as MLADINSKI LIST in 1922.

Imperial, PA 15126-9774 Material may also be e-mailed to prosveta@snpj.

The DEADLINE for submissions to the March/April issue is Feb. 14.

Please make sure your name, age, and Lodge or Youth Circle number are included.

Are you planning ahead for 2019? It s On The Silver Screen Watch a lot of movies?

2 the of youth a publication for SNPJ youth members Volume 98 Issue 1 SNPJ VOICE OF YOUTH (ISSN ) (USPS ) is published bi-monthly by the Slovene National Benefit Society 247 West Allegheny Road, Imperial, PA Entered as second class matter Jan. 20, 1945, under postal act of Aug. 24, Magazine began as MLADINSKI LIST in Submissions should be addressed to The Voice of Youth 247 West Allegheny Road Imperial, PA Material may also be ed to prosveta@snpj.com or submitted from the Publications area of our website, The DEADLINE for submissions to the March/April issue is Feb. 14. We welcome photos, stories, drawings and ideas from all SNPJ youth members. Please make sure your name, age, and Lodge or Youth Circle number are included. Meet the staff Jay Sedmak Editor/Manager Kimberly Winters Associate Editor 2 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2019 a chilly start to the brand new year... In With The New Now that it s January, it s time to move on to a new year. Are you planning ahead for 2019? It s On The Silver Screen Watch a lot of movies? Then the history of motion pictures may surprise you! Did You Know? We ll heat up your winter with a brand new selection of Voice of Youth trivia! New Twists On An Old Favorite Finding your hot chocolate a little boring? Spice it up with some simple additions!

the Out with the old, of youth in with the new a publication for SNPJ youth members The holidays are over.

But then again, there s a lot of time to get things done since we re only in January, the first month on the calendar. So, have you made any plans for New Year 2019 yet?

of February. It s never too late to make a change for the better, so don t feel bad if you haven t yet come up with any resolutions of your own.

3 the Out with the old, of youth in with the new a publication for SNPJ youth members The holidays are over. It s time to take down the wreaths, pack up the ornaments and lights, and get all those Christmas presents put away. There always seems to be a lot of work to do as we start each new year. But then again, there s a lot of time to get things done since we re only in January, the first month on the calendar. So, have you made any plans for New Year 2019 yet? Most people like to make their New Year s resolutions on December 31 or January 1, but I d bet a lot of those very same people have forgotten all about their New Year s resolutions by the beginning of February. It s never too late to make a change for the better, so don t feel bad if you haven t yet come up with any resolutions of your own... improvements take time, and it can take just as long to decide exactly what you would like to change and how to go about doing it. When (or even if) you do decide to make some resolutions for 2019, we hope you ll keep SNPJ and The Voice of Youth in your plans. SNPJ has loads of activities coming up in the months ahead, and we re sure you ll enjoy our many events as well as each issue of The Voice of Youth year in and year out. We ll start off 2019 by welcoming you to a new year of The Voice of Youth, and we hope you ll make a New Year s resolution to join your friends for some great SNPJ fun later this year. Have a terrific winter, and we ll see you again in March as we get ready to greet spring! Editor SNPJ THE VOICE OF YOUTH 3

Pictures come to life on the Movies are a part of everyday life for us. Just think about some of the movies you ve seen recently Incredibles 2, Fantastic Beasts.

The special effects and storylines in these films are amazing, and the animated films are really tremendous!

And as you ll see, motion pictures have some really humble beginnings.

4 Pictures come to life on the Movies are a part of everyday life for us. Just think about some of the movies you ve seen recently Incredibles 2, Fantastic Beasts... and The Grinch, for example or maybe some older titles, like the films in the Harry Potter series, or Monsters Inc. The special effects and storylines in these films are amazing, and the animated films are really tremendous! Movies, which are sometimes called motion pictures, are certainly an entertaining art form nowadays... but that wasn t always the case. And as you ll see, motion pictures have some really humble beginnings. The very first movie shown to the public, shot by brothers Louis and Auguste Lumière, was presented on December 28, 1895, in Paris, France. The plot of the Lumières film was a little tamer compared to today s standards: titled Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory, it showed the workers as they left the factory for the day, and it lasted only a few minutes. Although that may sound extremely boring, the audience was thrilled! That December day in 1895 marked the first time anyone could watch a motion picture. Immediately the audience wanted more, and the Lumière brothers did their best to bring action to the big screen. Their other films included the arrival of a train in La Ciotat, France; parents feeding their child; people fishing for goldfish; and a picnic on a riverbank. While the Lumière brothers brought the first film to a paying audience, they weren t the first people to entertain a crowd with mov ing pictures. In the 17th century, Athanasius Kircher, an Austrian priest and mathematician, presented slide shows using a device he called a magic lantern, which con- d i d yo u? W O N K 4 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2019 Even though the Lumière brothers enjoyed a good deal of success with their early motion pictures, the pair were more interested in still photography color photography, to be precise and stopped filming motion pictures shortly after their films premiered in the late 1890s. Why did they quit filming? They believed there was no future in motion pictures.

sisted of a large box with a candle inside. Kircher placed pictures painted on pieces of glass in front of a hole in the box.

While Kircher s device changed the way people were entertained, an important technological advance paved the way for modern-day cinema: photography.

This all changed in 1833 when Louis Daguerre, who had formerly partnered with Joseph Nicéphore Niépce, invented a type of photography called daguerreotype.

Almost 50 years later, photographer Eadweard Muybridge decided to settle a bet concerning whether a horse ever lifts all four hooves off the ground at once. He placed 24 cameras in a line.

5 sisted of a large box with a candle inside. Kircher placed pictures painted on pieces of glass in front of a hole in the box. The light from the candle projected the pictures onto the wall, and he used the pictures to tell a story. Kircher s magic lantern was so popular that people used it well into the 19th century. While Kircher s device changed the way people were entertained, an important technological advance paved the way for modern-day cinema: photography. Up until this time, people captured images by drawing with pencils or painting on canvas. This all changed in 1833 when Louis Daguerre, who had formerly partnered with Joseph Nicéphore Niépce, invented a type of photography called daguerreotype. Using this method, Daguerre could photograph people, objects and scenery. Almost 50 years later, photographer Eadweard Muybridge decided to settle a bet concerning whether a horse ever lifts all four hooves off the ground at once. He placed 24 cameras in a line. As the horse trotted down the track, it tripped wires that activated the cameras. In this way, Muybridge was able to capture motion and prove that all four hooves do leave the ground at once. This method of action filming was difficult, in- convenient and expensive. In 1882, Dr. Étienne Jules Marey, a French physiologist, invented a chronophotographic gun (it actually looked like a rifle!) that could take 12 pictures per second. Using a new type of film developed by George Eastman (the inventor of the Kodak camera), Marey was able to take longer sequences of action photographs. A camera capable of making films wasn t introduced to the public until 1891, when Thomas Alva Edison patented the Kinetograph. Edison shot several films and showed them in a Kinetoscope, a box that could accommodate only one person at a time. The Lumière brothers followed with their Cinematographe, a combination motion picture camera and projector. With this device they were able to shoot films and show them to large audiences. More than 120 years later, audiences are still flocking to movie theaters. In fact, watching movies ranks as one of the top recreational activities worldwide. And with the invention of the VCR, DVDs, Bluray discs and today s streaming devices, you can now watch just about any movie you can think of right in the comfort of your own home. So grab some popcorn, hit the play button... then sit back and relax with your favorite movie! What s a movie without some snacks? A trip to the movie theater just doesn t seem complete without some snacks. Everyone has his or her favorite movie munchies, and here are some of the most popular, though in no particular order: 1. Coca-Cola (or your preferred soft drink) 2. Popcorn (which is pretty much a no-brainer) 3. M & M s (easy to gobble up by the handful) 4. Gummy bears (sweet and sticky... and oh, so delicious) 5. Hershey s bar (a classic... hopefully the movie is just as good!) SNPJ THE VOICE OF YOUTH 5

especially since ships can travel with relative ease.

float with the stream when traveling north.

construction began on the Brooklyn Bridge.

6 did YOU know? The Nile River Reigns Supreme Winding its way through Africa, the Nile is the world s longest river. At 4,135 miles in length, the Nile narrowly surpasses the Amazon River, which ranks second at 3,980 miles. The Nile s two main tributaries, the White Nile and the Blue Nile, begin in Rwanda and Ethiopia, respectively. The two tributaries flow north, meeting in Sudan to form the Nile, and continue on into the Mediterranean Sea. The Nile is used to transport goods to the cities located along its banks, especially since ships can travel with relative ease. With winter winds blowing upstream, ships utilize their sails to travel south, and float with the stream when traveling north. Brooklyn Bridge An NYC Favorite One hundred and fifty years ago, in 1869, construction began on the Brooklyn Bridge. A famous component of the New York City skyline, the Brooklyn Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning 1,595 feet over the East River, connecting the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn. The bridge took 14 years to construct and held the title of the world s longest suspension bridge at the time of its completion. Although that title now belongs to the Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge in Japan, the Brooklyn Bridge has been named a National Historic Landmark and a New York City Landmark. 6 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2019

Slow And Steady Wins The Race We all know the story of the tortoise and the hare. Slow and steady won the race for the turtle, but his speed was based on nature, not strategy.

And because its legs are so short, most turtles walk on their toes so that their shell doesn t drag on the ground.

Clearing Up The Clarity Of Ice Cubes Why is it that water is transparent, but ice cubes are cloudy?

) in the center of the cube, which gives the foggy appearance. For clear ice at home, here are some tips. Start with distilled water. Boil it to remove any gases.

White Chocolate: The Black Sheep Chocolate is made from cacao seeds which, once dried, cleaned and roasted, are ground and liquefied.

The three main chocolates milk, dark and white use the butter, but only milk and dark use the solids as well.

7 Slow And Steady Wins The Race We all know the story of the tortoise and the hare. Slow and steady won the race for the turtle, but his speed was based on nature, not strategy. Consider the physique of a turtle. One little leg sticks out at each corner of its shell, which makes walking awkward because its legs aren t directly underneath it. And because its legs are so short, most turtles walk on their toes so that their shell doesn t drag on the ground. Of course, the shell alone is quite heavy for their small bodies to carry around. Imagine carrying your house around on your back! Clearing Up The Clarity Of Ice Cubes Why is it that water is transparent, but ice cubes are cloudy? The ice cubes we make at home are formed by small cubes of water that freeze from the outside in. This traps air bubbles and other impurities (dissolved gases, minerals, etc.) in the center of the cube, which gives the foggy appearance. For clear ice at home, here are some tips. Start with distilled water. Boil it to remove any gases. Let the water cool, then boil it again. Once the water has cooled a second time, pour it into your tray and cover with plastic wrap before freezing. White Chocolate: The Black Sheep Chocolate is made from cacao seeds which, once dried, cleaned and roasted, are ground and liquefied. The liquid, called chocolate liquor, can be separated into two components, cocoa butter and cocoa solids. The three main chocolates milk, dark and white use the butter, but only milk and dark use the solids as well. Removing the cocoa solids, which are bitter and dark in color, leaves just the cocoa butter, which is pale and yellow, and which gives white chocolate its much lighter complexion. Spread Some Kindness This February February 17 is Random Acts of Kindness Day. It s always an exciting and uplifting feeling to be a part of a random act of kindness, whether you re on the giving end or receiving end. The best part is, participating is all-inclusive! Everyone is capable of being kind. Leave a note in your sister s backpack. Create a homemade thank you card for your coach. Have a seat next to the boy sitting alone at lunch. Shovel the snow from your neighbor s sidewalk. The possibilities are endless! Spread kindness on Feb. 17 and throughout the year! SNPJ THE VOICE OF YOUTH 7

butter now that s a classic combination!

rim of your cup, give your hot chocolate

maple syrup and hot chocolate may not be

tastes, but New Englanders seem to enjoy

8 Spicing up a winter favorite Feeling a little ho-hum about your hot chocolate? Try some of these simple additions... and put the sparkle back into your winter! Cinnamon It doesn t take much cinnamon to spice-up hot chocolate just a teaspoon or so for an entire saucepan (3 to 4 cups). But what a difference that tiny bit of this spice can make! Peanut Butter Chocolate and peanut butter now that s a classic combination! Stir two or three tablespoons of peanut butter into your pan of hot chocolate and you ll have a hot, creamy treat. Yum! 8 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2019 Candy Canes Still have some of those miniature candy canes left over after Christmas? Use the candy cane as a garnish on the rim of your cup, give your hot chocolate a stir every once in a while, and viola... instant mint f lavor! Maple Syrup OK, we get the fact that maple syrup and hot chocolate may not be the ideal combination for everyone s tastes, but New Englanders seem to enjoy it. Don t overdo it, though just a few teaspoons of maple syrup to an entire saucepan of hot chocolcate should do the trick. Maraschino cherry juice Chocolate covered cherries are another all-time favorite, and with the addition of just a few tablespoons of maraschino cherry juice, you can make an entire pot of warm and delicious cherry-infused chocolate!

9 what s on YOUR MIND? Thinking about contributing to The Voice of Youth? Then share your thoughts... We want to hear from you! the o f y o u t h a publication for SNPJ youth members Send us your drawings, stories, photos and ideas. Address all submissions to: The Voice of Youth 247 West Allegheny Rd. Imperial, PA See page 2 for details on submitting your materials. SNPJ THE VOICE OF YOUTH 9

FILM HISTORY INTRODUCTION TO FILM CRITICISM

FILM HISTORY INTRODUCTION TO FILM CRITICISM Before the Movies: Photography Still photography invented by Luis Jacques Mandé Daguerre (1789-1851) ca. 1826 *next slide Positives; couldn't be reproduced.