Specifications subject to modifications without prior notice.

Transcription

1 B R O A D C A S T E Q U I P M E N T 917 S E R I E S T E C H N I C A L M A N U A L

2 Specifications subject to modifications without prior notice. ALCAD S.A. designs and manufactures its products with the highest possible characteristics. However, the manufactured products at present could be modified in order to enhance their performance and to incorporate new components. The new specifications may not appear in this catalogue. ALCAD S.A. will review the new specifications in future editions of this General Catalogue. ALCAD S.A. maintains a web page to provide you with the latest information can be found about our products, the up-to-date specifications of all the different products and an up-to-date electronic version of this catalogue.

3 Page SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS 1.1 Introduction 1.2 AC line hazards 1.3 RF hazards 1.4 Risk of fire 1.5 Safety standards when handling beryllium oxide ceramics Measures to be taken in the event of leakage or dispersion of BeO 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE TV TRANSMITTER/RE-EMITER EQUIPMENT Rack Cabinet RK-200 Cabinet 2.2 Processing of the terrestrial TV signal AS-326 power supply unit PC-404 channel processors AS-125 power supply unit ZP-431 Monochannel amplifiers 2.3 Generation of TV signals FA-310 power supply unit MS-901 Modulator 2.4 Amplification of the TV signal Power supply unit AS Power amplifier AX Multiplexing of the TV signal FX-400 Multiplexer 2.6 Combining and splitting the TV signal (optional) Hybrid combiner/splitter CX-202/CX Radiating system AN-412 panel antenna AP-369 panel antenna 2.8 Installation and electrical protection of RK DESCRIPTION OF THE BLOCK DIAGRAMS OF THE TRANSMITTER/RE-EMITTER EQUIPMENT 4. ASSEMBLY 4.1 RK-200 cabinet 4.2 Processing of the TV signal or generation of TV channels Installing the channel processors Installing the TV modulators 4.3 Installing the multiplexers and connecting to the panel antennas 4.4 Installing the combiner/splitter (optional) and connecting to the panel antennas 4.5 Installing the panel antennas 4.6 Installing the electrical panelboard and earthing the equipment 5. INSTALLATION CONTENTS 6. ADJUSTING THE TV TRANSMITTER/RE-EMITTER EQUIPMENT 6.1 Necessary instruments 6.2 Adjusting the TV Re-emitter 6.3 Adjusting the TV Transmitter 6.4 Programming of the PC processors and of the MS modulators Description of the programmer: 905-PC Series Sending data to the PC processor Programming mode Technical manual Series - 1

4 Page Data transmission Choosing the language of the PS programmer Frequency plan Digital channels Analogue channels Reading data with the PS programmer Updating the PC processor Description of the programmer Sending data Programming mode Transmitting data Selecting the output channel or frequency Copying data Reading data Adjusting the video input level 7. TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS 7.1 General technical data of the complete equipment 7.2 Technical data of each block of the equipment Channel processors Monochannel amplifiers TV Modulators Power amplifiers Multiplexer filter Hybrid combiner/splitter Antennas 8. TROUBLE SHOOTING 8.1 TV Re-emitter 8.2 TV Transmitter 9. CALCULATION OF FIXED RADIO LINKS 9.1 Power in antenna (P ANTENNA ) 9.2 Effective radiated power (ERP) 9.3 Attenuation in free space (α0) 9.4 Field Strength (Field Strength) 9.5 Range of a re-emitter (d) 9.6 Fresnel ellipsoids (RF) 9.7 Calculation of feedback isolation in a re-emitter (Feedback Isolation) 9.8 Example of calculation of the coverage of an AM-TV transmitter 9.9 Example of calculation of the isolation of a Re-emitter 10. TYPICAL CONFIGURATIONS OF THE TRANSMITTER/RE-EMITTER 10.1 Re-emitter of 8 DVB-T/AM-TV channels 10.2 Transmitter of 4 DVB-T/AM-TV channels 10.3 Transmitter of 8 AM-TV channels 10.4 Re-emitter of 4 DVB-T/AM-TV channels and transmitter of 2 AM-TV channels Series - Technical manual

5 1 1. SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS 1.1 Introduction The following safety instructions must be read prior to making the installation and using the TV transmitter. If in any doubt whatsoever regarding the installation, operation or safety requirements of the TV transmitter, contact your supplier. The installation, adjustment, maintenance and repair of the TV transmitter must be performed by qualified technicians who are familiar with the various hazards which may exist when working with this type of equipment and who therefore take adequate precautions for their personal safety. These safety standards and regulations do not guarantee total protection of unqualified personnel who perform work on the TV transmitter when it is not functioning normally. The following safety standards must be complied with: IEC VDE 0100 DIN The aim of these instructions is to define appropriate protective measures against: - Dangerous electrical discharges - Radiofrequency burns- High temperatures, fire and other hazards - Dangerous radiations- Hazards associated with confined spaces. Symbols used in this manual: Risk of electric discharge Earth 1.2 AC line hazards Any voltage greater than 30Vac is dangerous. Appropriate measures must therefore be taken to avoid any type of accident when working with such high voltages. As a general rule, never work with live equipment connected to the mains supply, except when performing specific adjustments and tuning. To protect the TV transmitter, a differential switch and a bipolar power-surge protection device must be installed. Before connecting the power supply units, the technician must ensure that the nominal mains voltage matches the technical characteristics described in this manual. The protective fuses, which can be easily accessed by the installer, must, if broken, be replaced while the TV transmitter is disconnected from the mains supply. The characteristics of the fuses must be the same as those shown in this manual. 1.3 RF hazards The user must instruct his staff on how to work with the TV transmitter so as to comply with the EN (IEC 215) standard. Technical manual Series - 3

6 If the RF lines or modules are transporting high power levels, the connection point or the whole module must display a danger warning sign. WARNING - Do not disconnect the RF connections when the transmitter is in operation. - Before working on or opening the equipment, it must be disconnected from the mains supply. - Wait 5 minutes to ensure that the electrolytic capacitors have been discharged. If the RF connections are disconnected while in operation, electric arcs may be produced. These can cause burns and eye injuries.the antenna or its power supply line must also be disconnected from the output terminals to prevent the introduction of dangerously high voltages. If this is not possible, several metallic points should be earthed to establish the absence of voltage. If it is necessary to manipulate the TV transmitter to measure voltages or power levels, this should be done as indicated in section 5 of the present manual. 1.4 Risk of fire Any type of live electrical equipment is a potential fire hazard. Personnel must be made familiar (through training and drills in accordance with the regulations in force in each country) with the correct procedures for extinguishing fires in electrical systems. Preventive measures at the site or location of the TV transmitter can reduce the risk of fire and, if need be, stop the fire from spreading, thereby limiting material damage and possible injury to personnel. WARNING, When installing the TV transmitter, the user must ensure that no combustible material is stored nearby or located around, under or on top of the equipment or the mains cables. Passages to adjacent rooms must be sealed to prevent a fire from spreading. Any fire-fighting action should be conducted using the appropriate equipment (extinguishers, breathing apparatus, etc.) even though it may be only a matter of putting out a few flames. On contact with heat or with naked flames, the materials contained in a TV transmitter can produce toxic dusts and fumes (sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, dioxins, hydrofluoric acid and beryllium oxide). These materials may be: - Rubber in the cables and cable-plugs - PVC in the cables - Teflon in the cables, insulating and PCBs - Beryllium oxide ceramics in the transistors and power resistors. Generally speaking, the danger represented by toxic substances produced in small fires and in fires with combustion is equally serious. 1.5 Safety standards when handling beryllium oxide ceramics The parts which contain BeO ceramics do not constitute a health hazard if the proper safety standards are respected. WARNING, Components made of BeO ceramics must not be scratched, squeezed, broken, filed, drilled, buried or subjected to high temperatures. BeO dust can pass through all common filtering systems, including conventional ventilation filters. No technical procedures exist for eliminating BeO dust which has been released into the environment. BeO dust causes chronic pulmonary illnesses (e.g. acute pneumonitis). Inhalation at high levels over a long period can cause poisoning with respiratory paralysis and death. All parts which contain BeO ceramics are: Model AX Series - Technical manual

7 BFQ-68 BLF Measures to be taken in the event of leakage or dispersion of BeO If BeO dust has formed as the result of fracturing or any other destructive mechanical or electrical process, dampen the dust to prevent it from being dispersed and inhaled. Using a damp cloth and wearing protective gloves, carefully collect or sweep up the spilled substance and put it into an unbreakable bag or container; then put this container itself inside an unbreakable, sealed and labelled receptacle and remove it to a safe place. The unbreakable and hermetically-sealed containers must clearly display a danger sign accompanied by the warning text: Beryllium oxide dust The containers must be treated as hazardous waste in accordance with the regulations in force. For more information, please consult the site of the International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre at: Technical manual Series - 5

8 2 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE TV TRANSMITTER/RE-EMITER EQUIPMENT Transmitter/re-emitter of TV channels (DVB-T/AM-TV) in 19" Rack format, which provides a power of 2W PS (Peak Sync) for analogue signals (AM-TV) and 500mW RMS for digital signals (DVB-T), to meet the coverage requirements of small towns. Enables the transmission of DVB-T or AM-TV television signals in the UHF band (470 to 862 MHz) of the radioelectric spectrum and can transmit up to 8 non-adjacent channels to a distance of 2 to 5 km, depending on the number of antennas used in the transmission. The analogue signals can be channels captured within the radioelectric spectrum or baseband video and audio provided by an individual receiver, satellite or terrestrial, modulated with an analogue modulator. The digital signals can be channels captured within the radioelectric spectrum, converted to another channel. Thanks to its modularity, the TV transmitter/re-emitter can be adapted to the specifications of each individual project Rack Cabinet 1 RK-200 RK RK-200 RK-904 MR Series - Technical manual

9 RK-901 RK RK RK MUN 516A C 16 RK Fig 1 - RK-200 cabinet and accessories RK-200 Cabinet 1- External chassis 2- RK-904 Ventilation system 3- MR-100 support for 19 Rack 4- RK-900 combiner/splitter support (optional) 5- RK -901 lower panel for 19 Rack 6- RK-902 electric panelboard 7- Perforated cover through which coaxial cables can be passed to the antennas 8- Perforated cover through which cables from outside and from the mains supply can be passed 9- RK-905 set of 4 wheels 2.2 Processing of the terrestrial TV signal AS-326 power supply unit 10- Earth connection 11- Indicator that equipment is functioning correctly 12- Power output / control connector 13- Fuse 14- Cable for connection to electric mains 15- Power / control cable PC-404 channel processors 16- Earth connection 17- F connector for signal input from the previous processor or from the antenna 18- F connector for signal output to the following processor 19- Infrared transmitter 20- Programming indicator 21- Programming mode switch 22- Indicator that channel is connected / input level is correct 23- Power / control connector 24- Infrared receiver 25- Text boxes in which to note the input and output frequencies/channels 26- F connector for signal output to the monochannel amplifier ZP Upper connection bridge (38 mm) 28- Isolated load to load the end of the diplexing 29- Length of RG6 coaxial cable with F connectors (0.22 m) Technical manual Series - 7

10 AS PC AS LX PZ RC-110 LT-107 W DC SERIE/RANGE AS-125 power supply unit 30- Earth connection 31- Indicator that equipment is functioning correctly 32- Power output / control connector 33- Fuse 34- Cable for connection to electric mains 35- Power / control cable Fig 2- Channel processor ZP-431 Monochannel amplifiers 36- Earth connection 37- F connector for input of signal loaded with isolated load 38- F connector for input of signal from the channel processor 39- Indicator that preamplifiers are being powered 40- Power supply switch of preamplifiers 41- Output level control 42- Indicator that equipment is functioning correctly 43- Power supply connector 44- Text box in which to note the input/output channel 45- F connector for output of signal to the power amplifier AX F connector for output of signal loaded with isolated load 47- Isolated load to load the connectors 37 and Length of coaxial cable RG6 with F connectors (1.2 m) Series - Technical manual

11 AS ZP AS LX RC-110 W DC 47 LT SERIE/RANGE Generation of TV signals FA-310 power supply unit 49- Earth connection 50- Indicator that equipment is functioning correctly 51- Overload indicator 52- Power output / control connector 53- Cable for connection to electric mains 54- Power supply /control cable Fig 3 - Monochannel amplifier MS-901 Modulator 55- Earth connection 56- Infrared receiver 57- Programming indicator 58- Programming switch 59- Infrared transmitter 60- Indicator that channel is connected / input level is correct 61- MiniDIN connector for audio and video input 62- Power supply connectors 63- Output channel level control 64- F connector for output of RF signal to the amplifier 65- Length of coaxial cable with F connectors (1.2 m) Technical manual Series - 9

12 FA LS-207 MS LX Fig 4 - TV modulator 2.4 Amplification of the TV signal AS LX-800 AX AS LX Fig 5 - Power amplifier Series - Technical manual

13 2.4.1 Power supply unit AS Earth connection 67- Indicator that equipment is functioning correctly 68- Power output / control connector 69- Fuse 70- Cable for connection to electric mains 71- Power supply / control cable Power amplifier AX Earth connection 73- BNC connector for signal output to the FX-400 multiplexer 74- Power supply / control cable 75- F connector for input of signal from the monochannel amplifier ZP Length of coaxial cable RG6 with BNC connectors (0.65 m) 2.5 Multiplexing of the TV signal FX-400 Multiplexer 77- Earth connection 78- BNC connectors for signal input from the power amplifiers AX N-type connector for signal output to the antennas or the hybrid combiner/splitter CX-202/ Length of coaxial cable with N-type connectors (500 mm) FX LX Fig 6 - Multiplexer Combining and splitting the TV signal (optional) Hybrid combiner/splitter CX-202/CX N-type connectors for signal input from the multiplexer FX N-type connectors for signal output to the antennas 83- Male N-type connector for crimping, 50Ω 84- Coaxial cable, 50Ω 13dB/100m 862MHz CX CL-210 CX MC Fig 7 - Hybrid combiner/splitter Technical manual Series - 11

14 Radiating system AN-412 panel antenna 85- Anchor of the antenna 86- Screw-terminal connection AN Fig W panel antenna AP-369 panel antenna 87 - Anchor of the antenna 88 - Female N-type connection AP Fig 9 - Panel antenna,10 W 2.8 Installation and electrical protection of RK-902 / RK-903 In order to protect the TV transmitter/re-emitter, an automatic magnetothermic switch must be installed: Curve C, 6kA breaking capacity, 1P+N, 16A nominal current. If the differential switch is activated, it must not be cancelled. It is advised that a thorough check of the installation be performed. It is also recommended that bipolar protection against transitory surges be installed. 8 x AS V MUN 516A C 16 RK-902 RK MUN 516A C 16 N N AS-125 AS-326 Ventilation system Fig 10 - Electrical panelboard Series - Technical manual

15 3 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE BLOCK DIAGRAMS OF THE TRANSMITTER/RE-EMITTER EQUIPMENT AN-412 AN-412 RK-200 MR-100 CX-202 FX-400 FX-400 AX-204 AX-204 AX-204 AX-204 AX-204 AX-204 AX-204 AX-204 AS-125 AS-125 AS-125 AS-125 AS-125 AS-125 AS-125 AS-125 AS-125 ZP-431 ZP-431 ZP-431 ZP-431 ZP-431 ZP-431 ZP-431 ZP-431 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 AS-326 PC-404 PC-404 PC-404 PC-404 PC-404 PC-404 PC-404 PC-404 The terrestrial signal processing block, which consists of: Fig 11 Block diagram of the TV re-emitter UHF channel processor equipment (PC-404), each module of which selects a digital or analogue channel and applies a filter (FOS) which eliminates the other channels, including those which are adjacent. Its main characteristics are: - Selectivity 80 db (FOS filters) - High stability in frequency - Automatic gain control (AGC) Technical manual Series - 13

16 - Channel conversion - Input and output channels programmable either by channel or by frequency. Adjacent monochannel amplifier equipment (ZP-431), for analogue and digital channels, which amplify and filter the output signal of each channel processor. Their main characteristics are: - Gain: 40 db - High selectivity - Reduced intermodulation - Highly stable filters - System of temperature compensation - 3-pole input filter - 3-pole output filter. AN-412 AN-412 RK-200 MR-100 CX-202 FX-400 FX-400 AX-204 AX-204 AX-204 AX-204 AX-204 AX-204 AX-204 AX-204 AS-125 AS-125 AS-125 AS-125 AS-125 AS-125 AS-125 AS-125 FA-310 MS-901 MS-901 MS-901 MS-901 MS-901 MS-901 MS-901 MS-901 The TV signal generation block, which consists of: Fig 12 - Block diagram of the TV transmitter Broadband, B/G-standard modulator equipment (MS-901) which processes the baseband video and audio signal obtained from an individual receiver, terrestrial or satellite, and inserts it in a channel of the UHF band, in mono audio format. Its main characteristics are: Series - Technical manual

17 - Low level of spurious signals at output - High stability of the output frequency - Audio and video treated separately - High C/N ratio - Programming of the output channel, input audio, audio level, programming depth and V/A relation. The common blocks of the TV transmitter/re-emitter are described below. Amplification block, consisting of: UHF power stage equipment (AX-204) of 2W PS (Peak Sync) for analogue signals, or 500mW RMS for digital signals; the equipment amplifies the output level of the monochannel amplifier or of the modulator. One amplifier is used for each channel to be transmitted in order to obtain maximum performance. The main characteristics are: - High power yield, thanks to the use of class-ab LDMOS transistors - High stability of output level with temperature, thanks to the heat dissipation system - Amplification in broadband - High linearity - Ease of installation. Signal multiplexing block, consisting of: one or two channel coupler filters (FX-400), with low losses, which combine 4 channels with a separation channel (For example: C/ and C/ ), composed of: - Filters with 4 cavities, with factory-set band pass of 8 MHz, which eliminate the intermodulations and spurious signals of each channel. - A rejection (notch) filter, with one cavity, factory set to -5.5 MHz of the video carrier, which eliminates the intermodulation caused by the power stage in the lower adjacent channel. As an option, it is possible to use: A signal combining/splitting block, consisting of: a combiner/splitter with 2 inputs, for amplified channels, which in turn divide the signal into 2 outputs (CX-202) or 4 outputs (CX-204), using one output per antenna. Note: The use of combiners/splitters dephases the signal 90 in the outputs. For the signals to be in phase when they reach the antenna, one of the connecting cables must be approximately 1 meter longer than the other. The radiating system block, consisting of: One or two panel antennas (AN-412 or AP-369), depending on the number of channels, when transmission in a single direction is desired (45 to 60 beam width). The typical configuration will be: - One antenna for every 4 channels - Two antennas for 8 channels, without combiner/splitter CX-202 (each antenna transmits 4 channels) - Two antennas for 8 channels, with combiner/splitter CX-202 (each antenna transmits 8 channels and greater directivity is obtained in the radiating system) The radiating system block, consisting of 2 panel antennas (AN-412 or AN-412), installed: - In line (BAY) to obtain greater directivity of the system. Technical manual Series - 15

18 AN-412 AP-369 AN-412 AP-369 Fig 13 - Radiating system installed in BAY - In parallel with different orientation angle (FACE), to increase the beam width of the system Series - Technical manual

19 FACE 0 CX FACE 0 CX FACE 0 CX Fig 14 - Radiating system installed in FACE Note: An increased angle of coverage entails a reduction in the distance covered when the antenna gain is reduced. Technical manual Series - 17

20 4 4. ASSEMBLY The steps which must be taken to assemble the TV transmitter/re-emitter are described below. 4.1 RK-200 cabinet 1- Before doing anything else, you have the option of attaching the set of 4 wheels in order to give the RK-200 cabinet greater mobility. RK Remove the glass door, side covers and back cover of the RK-200 cabinet so that you can assemble the components of the TV transmitter/reemitter easily. MR Install the RK-901 panel in the lower external part of the RK-200 cabinet. 4- Install the MR-100 support for 19 Rack. Fig 15 - MR-100 support 5- Install the ventilation system on the inside face of the upper cover of the RK-200 RK V Fig 16 - Ventilation system of the RK-200 cabinet Series - Technical manual

21 6- Install the electrical panelboard at the back, as shown in the illustration. RK-902 MUN 516A C 16 Fig 17 - Installing the electrical panelboard 7- Connect the earth of the MR-100 frame to the earth of the location where the TV transmitter/re-emitter is to be installed. CAUTION: It is extremely important to perform Step 6 of the assembly correctly since it guarantees the safety of the installer. ³ 5 mm 2 Fig 18 - Earthing 4.2 Processing of the TV signal or generation of TV channels Installing the channel processors 1- Install the modules which comprise the TV re-emitter in the front part of the MR-100 support as shown in Fig Connect the PZ-010 diplexing bridges of the PC-404 processor equipment with the RC-110 final load. 3- Connect the RC-110 loads in the ZP-431 monochannel amplifier equipment as shown in the illustration (Fig 19). Technical manual Series - 19

22 4- Connect the LT-107 and LX-800 power cables and the LX-000, LX-001 and LX-005 connection strips between the different blocks of the TV re-emitter. RK-200 MR-100 LX x AX-204 LX x AS x PC x AS-326 LT-107 LX x ZP x AS-125 LT-107 LX-000 Fig 19 Frontal view of the assembly of the TV re-emitter Installing the TV modulators 1- Install the modules that compose the transmitter in the front part of the MR-100 support as shown in Fig Connect the LS-207 and LX-800 power cables and the LX-000, LX-001 and LX-005 connection strips between the different blocks of the TV transmitter. RK-200 MR-100 LX x AX-204 LX x AS x MS x FA-310 LS-207 LX Series - Technical manual Fig 20 Frontal view of the assembly of the TV transmitter

23 Note: The minidin connector located on the front of the modulator has audio/video inputs. To connect the audio and video source, use either the stereo cable CD-003 (code ) with euroconnector to minidin connection or the mono cable CD-011 (code ) with RCA to minidin connection AUDIO R IN AUDIO L IN / MONO AUDIO GROUND VIDEO GROUND VIDEO IN AUDIO L / MONO AUDIO GROUND VIDEO VIDEO GROUND Fig 21 - Wiring of the minidin connection 4.3 Installing the multiplexers and connecting to the panel antennas 1- Through the back part of the MR-100, install the FX-400 multiplexers and connect the LX-001 connection strips. 2- Install the MC-414 connectors with the CL-210 coaxial cable and connect one end of the cable to the FX-400 multiplexer and the other end to the panel antennas. CL-210 MC-414 FX-400 LX-001 LX-000 Fig 22 - Back view of the assembly with FX Installing the combiner/splitter (optional) and connecting to the panel antennas The following steps are performed when installing the hybrid combiner/splitter in the TV transmitter/re-emitter, 1- Mount the CX-202 or CX-204 on this support; then install the RK-900 support in the RK-200 cabinet. 2- Connect the LX-002 connection strips joining the FX-400 multiplexers with the hybrid combiner/splitter. 3- Install the MC-414 connectors with the CL-210 coaxial cable and connect one end of the cable to the multiplexer CX-202 or CX-204 and the other end to the panel antennas. Technical manual Series - 21

24 CL-210 RK-900 CX-202 MC-414 LX-002 FX-400 LX-001 LX-000 Fig 23 - Back view of the assembly with FX-400 and CX Installing the panel antennas Install the panel antennas at the desired height and with the desired beam width, depending on the area you wish to cover with the TV transmitter/re-emitter. Then connect the coaxial cables (CL-120) which link the multiplexers or the hybrid combiners/splitters with the antennas. BAY AN-412 FACE Fig 24 - Example of assembly of a radiating panel Series - Technical manual

25 Installing the electrical panelboard and earthing the equipment Once all the RF and power connections have been made (with the equipment previously earthed as described in section 4.1 of this manual), proceed to the connection of all the power supply units and of the ventilation system. 8 x AS V MUN 516A C 16 RK-902 RK MUN 516A C 16 N N AS-125 AS-326 Ventilation system Fig 25 - Connections of the electrical panelboard Technical manual Series - 23

26 5 5. INSTALLATION Place the completely assembled TV transmitter/re-emitter in the chosen location and check that: - the equipment is correctly and securely placed in its location (Make sure that the equipment does not wobble or rock. Do not position it where it is likely to be exposed to water or dust.) - the location has an earth installed and a differential device on the main electricity line. Disconnect the main differential from the electric mains to make the connection. Then make the RF and the electrical connections. Ensure that the earth of the MR-100 frame has been connected to the earth where the equipment is located. Check that the differential switch of the installation is adjusted to the characteristics of the equipment. The mains voltage must lie within the values defined in the characteristics of the TV transmitter/re-emitter. Do not connect the system to a mains supply that exceeds the tolerance values of the system unless you use a voltage stabiliser. The installation of isolating transformers or gas discharge arrestors is highly recommended for the protection of the equipment against surges in current generated by electromechanical or atmospheric causes. It is recommended that the equipment be kept under lock and key to prevent tampering by unauthorised personnel and possible damage to the material or injury to personnel. Keep the key to the glass door in a safe place. Never remove the covers of the RK-200 cabinet while it is connected to the electrical mains. In the event of replacement of a module or power supply unit, the differential switch of the installation must first be disconnected. All repairs must be carried out by qualified technical personnel. Internal manipulation of the equipment composing the TV transmitter/reemitter will void all guarantees. Check the ventilation of the equipment at regular intervals. To ensure that the TV transmitter/re-emitter functions properly, periodically clean away any dust which has accumulated on the fans. The equipment is designed to operate within a temperature range of -10 C to 45 C. Any equipment working outside this temperature range may be irremediably damaged. It is recommended that a thermometric probe or a thermometer be installed in order to check the temperature inside C - 10 C Fig 26 - Range of operating temperatures Series - Technical manual

27 Do not block the air outlets of the equipment. Failure to comply with this instruction will void all guarantees. Fig 27 - Cooling the TV re-emitter All TV transmitter/re-emitter equipment must be connected in compliance with the electrical and telecommunications safety norms in force in the country where the installation is being performed. Technical manual Series - 25

28 6 6. ADJUSTING THE TV TRANSMITTER/RE-EMITTER EQUIPMENT Adjustment can be made either in the workshop, for ease of handling, or in the place where the equipment will be located. 6.1 Necessary instruments 1- Spectrum analyser or field meter. Pay particular attention to the impedances. 2- Attenuator/transition of 50Ω to 75Ω, 30dB attenuation, 10 W. 3- PS-003 programmer. 4- TV channel generator (not necessary if the installation is performed at the place where the TV transmitter/re-emitter is to be located). 6.2 Adjusting the TV Re-emitter Spectrum analyser or field meter Attenuator/transition 50W/75W 10 W -30 db TV channel generator Fig 28 - Adjusting the TV re-emitter 1- Using the magnetothermal switch, disconnect the overall power supply of the TV re-emitter. 2- Connect the measurement equipment as shown in the illustration. 3- Disconnect all the short lengths of power cable from the AX-204 amplifiers. 4- Adjust the level of attenuation of the ZP-431 monochannel amplifiers to the minimum level. 5- Connect the TV channel generator to the antenna input of the PC-404 processors if the adjustment is being made in the workshop; or to the appropriate antennas if the adjustment is being made at the place where the TV re-emitter is to be located Series - Technical manual

29 6- Using the magnetothermal switch, connect the overall power supply of the TV re-emitter. All the PC-404 processor indicators should be blinking. 7- Program the PC-404 processors, as indicated in section 6.4.1, to analogue or digital channel mode, input and output channels, and other data necessary for the equipment to function correctly. 8- If the adjustment is performed in the workshop, program the TV generator to the input channel of the first PC-404 on the left, and check that the green OK indicator remains fixed. The indicators of the other processors will blink. If the adjustment is performed where the TV re-emitter will be located, check that none of the green OK indicators of the PC-404 processors are blinking (input level indicator and programming indicator OK). 9- Connect the first amplifier on the left. With the output level control of the first ZP-431 monochannel amplifier, adjust the power level of the TV re-emitter with the spectrum analyser or the field meter to the level shown (dbm) in the table of technical characteristics, selecting the mode in the appropriate signal (analogue/digital). 10- Measure the main parameters of the signal that are indicated in table 7.1 of technical characteristics. 11- Disconnect the power amplifier. 12- Repeat this operation from step 1 onwards until all the amplifiers have been covered. Once the system has been adjusted: 13- Using the magnetothermal switch, disconnect the overall power supply of the TV re-emitter. 14- Connect the short power cables of all the amplifiers. 15- If in the place where the TV re-emitter is to be located, connect the coaxial cables of the radiating panels to the outputs of the filters or of the combiner/splitter, if this is included in the re-emitter. 16- Connect the overall power supply of the TV re-emitter. Once the TV re-emitter is functioning, check the signal level and the quality of the re-emitted signal, using the field meter, in the most unfavourable reception points, with an antenna at a height of 10 meters from the ground and directed towards the radiating panels of the TV re-emitter. 6.3 Adjusting the TV Transmitter Spectrum analyser or field meter Attenuator/transition 50W/75W 10 W -30 db TV channel generator Fig 29 - Adjustment of the TV transmitter Technical manual Series - 27

30 1- Using the magnetothermal switch, disconnect the overall power supply of the TV transmitter. 2- Connect the measuring equipment and adjust it as shown in the illustration. 3- Disconnect all the short power cables of the AX-204 amplifiers. 4- Adjust the output level of the MS-901 modulators to the minimum level. 5- Connect the signal generator to the A/V input of the first MS-901 modulator on the left if the adjustment is being performed in the workshop; or the appropriate individual receivers if it is being performed in the place where the TV transmitter is to be located. 6- Connect the overall power supply of the TV transmitter using the magnetothermal switch. 7- Program the MS-901 modulators as described in section 6.4.2: output channel, input audio, audio level, depth of modulation and V/A relation. 8- If the adjustment is taking place in the workshop, program the A/V generator so as to inject signal at the input of first MS-901 modulator on the left. If the adjustment is taking place where the TV transmitter is to be located, tune the individual receivers to the programs that are to be transmitted. 9- Connect the first amplifier on the left. With the output level control of first MS-901 modulator, adjust the power level of the TV transmitter with the spectrum analyser or field meter to the level shown (dbm) in the table of technical characteristics. 10- Measure the main parameters of the signal that are indicated in table 7.1 of technical characteristics. 11- Disconnect the power amplifier. 12- Repeat this operation from step 1 onwards until all the amplifiers have been covered. Once the system has been adjusted: 13- Using the magnetothermal switch, disconnect the overall power supply of the TV transmitter. 14- Connect the short power cables of all the amplifiers. 15- If in the place where the TV transmitter is to be installed, connect the coaxial cables of the radiating panels to the outputs of the filters or of the combiner/splitter, if this is included in the transmitter. 16- Connect the overall power supply of the TV transmitter. Once the TV transmitter is functioning, check the signal level and the quality of the transmitted signal, using the field meter, in the most unfavourable reception points, with an antenna at a height of 10 meters from the ground and directed towards the radiating panels of the TV transmitter. 6.4 Programming of the PC processors and of the MS modulators READ RESET ESC Off COPY F T C/S. LANG 0 SERIES- SERIES+ PROGRAMMER Fig The PS-003 Programmer Series - Technical manual

31 6.4.1 Description of the programmer: 905-PC Series Select the SERIE 905-PC in the PS programmer. Mode Digital Output channel B/G CCIR C21 Output frequency 474 MHz Input channel B/G CCIR C21 Input frequency 474 MHz Input offset +1/6 MHz Output offset +1/6 MHz Table channels B/G CCIR Tab. 1 - Data T T T T T T T FUNC. SCREEN DESCRIPTION Analogue Adjust the CAG according to whether you are processing an analogue or digital channel. Output channel Selects the C/21 output channel in the table OUTPUT B/G CCIR C21 of channels B/G CCIR. Output frequency Select the frequency of the video carrier OUTPUT MHz output in analogue mode or central frequency in digital mode. Input channel Selects the C/21 input channel in the table. INPUT B/G CCIR C21 of channels B/G CCIR. Input frequency Select the frequency of the video carrier INPUT MHz input in analogue mode or central frequency in digital mode. Input offset Select the offset adjustment of the channel or I OFFSET 0 MHz input frequency in digital mode. Output offset Select the offset adjustment of the channel or O FFSET 0 MHz output frequency in digital mode. Table channels Different tables of channels or frequency TABLA B/G CCIR mode. T Transmission Transmit data to the processor. COPY F READ Read... Read all the data of a processor. READ Tab. 2 - Functions DATA VALUE DESCRIPTION Mode Analogue/Digital Analogue or digital mode. Output channel - Values according to CHANNELS TABLE. Output frequency MHz Output frequency (UHF band). Input channel - Values according to CHANNELS TABLE. Input frequency MHz Input frequency (UHF band). Output offset -3/6, -2/6, -1/6, 0, Offset of output frequency. +1/6, +2/6, +3/6 MHz Input offset -3/6, -2/6, -1/6, 0, Offset of input frequency. +1/6, +2/6, +3/6 MHz Table of B/G CCIR UHF channels for different channel, channels I UK SM8 standards. Programming by channel D/K OIRT or by frequency. L FRANCE Frequency Tab. 3 - Range of values SCREEN Data error Reading error DESCRIPTION The data selected does not belong to the range of values indicated in table 3. An error occurred during the READ function. Tab. 4 - Warnings Technical manual Series - 29

32 Sending data to the PC processor Programming mode To program the channel processor, place the programming switch in the ON position (13). From the moment you do so, the programming indicator will light up. While the programming indicator remains lit, the channel processor is ready to receive data from the PS programmer. When the channel processor has been programmed, programming mode should be deactivated by placing the switch in the OFF position. The programming indicator light will go out. Fig Programming mode Data transmission Select the desired function on the screen of the PS programmer and set the value of the function as required. To transmit this data, press the T key. The programming indicator (12) will blink, thereby indicating that the channel processor has received the data. Moreover, the data transmitted is memorised in the PS programmer Choosing the language of the PS programmer Select the desired language in the PS programmer by pressing F LANG. Confirm the choice by pressing F Frequency plan Digital channels To work with digital channels, we select Mode: Digital in the programmer. When the selection has been made, the processor can be programmed by channel or by frequency, either input or output. If we choose to program by Frequency, the central frequency of the channel can be entered directly. Alternatively, it can be selected by adjusting the frequency in steps of ±1 MHz. If we choose to program by channel, standard channels can be chosen when the words Output channel B/G CCIR C appear on the screen of the PS programmer. If we know that the centre broadcasting the signal is transmitting the channel with a particular offset, we can adjust the processor with an input offset (Input offset) and an output offset (Output offset) equal to or different from the one received, in steps of 166KHz Analogue channels To work with analogue channels, we select Mode: Analogue in the programmer. When the selection has been made, the processor can be programmed by channel or by frequency, either input or output. If we choose to program by Frequency, the frequency carrying the video of the channel can be entered directly. Alternatively, it can be selected by adjusting the frequency in steps of ±250KHz. If we choose to program by channel, standard channels can be chosen when the words Output channel B/G CCIR C appear on the screen of the PS programmer Series - Technical manual

33 C/36 C/38 C/40 C/42 C/44 C/46 C/48 C/50 591,25 607, MHz PC-404 PC-404 PC-404 PC-404 PC-404 PC-404 PC-404 PC-404 Fig Frequency plan For output frequencies, it is recommended that a standard frequency be used, ranging from 470MHz to 862MHz, with 8MHz separating each analogue or digital channel. The channel processor can also be used as a UHF-UHF channel converter Reading data with the PS programmer While pointing at the receiver, press the F and READ keys: the word Reading... will appear on the screen. All the data programmed in the channel processor is read. While the data is being read, the programming indicator flashes continuously; during this period the channel processor should not receive transmissions. The PS programmer must remain pointed at the receiver until the message Reading... disappears from the screen. To consult the data received, select the appropriate function with the and keys: the data will appear on the screen of the PS programmer Updating the PC processor It is possible to update the PC Processor (firmware). For instruction on how to download the necessary programs and directions to update the module, please consult the ALCAD website: If you do not have an internet connection, you can also contact Alcad's distributors or agents or contact Alcad directly to request the update programs. The channel processor is updated using the IP-001 programmer interface and a PC computer Description of the programmer Select the SERIE 912-MS on the PS-003 programmer. Output channel BG CCIR Output frequency Audio Audio level Video level A/V ratio Table channeles C MHz Stereo 12dB B/G CCIR T T T T T T Table 5 - Entering data Technical manual Series - 31

34 FUNC. SCREEN DESCRIPTION Output channel Selects the C/21 output channel in the table. B/G CCIR C21 of channels B/G CCIR Output frequency Selects the output signal frequency MHz Audio: Select mono, stereophonic or dual sound. Stereo For MODELS, see enclosed chart. Audio level Selects the right audio level. Except fot models: _ MS-501/502/601/602. V deo level Selects the correct video level. Except in models: _ MS-501/502/601/602/521/511/512/ 513/514. A/V ratio Selects the ratio between the levels of the 12dB video and audio carriers. Except in models: MS-501/502/601/602/521/511/512/ 513/514. Table of channels Different tables of channels or frequency B/G CCIR mode. F COPY Copy... Transmits all the data of a modulator, except the RF output channel.. F READ Read... Reads all the data in a modulator. Table 6 - Functions DATA VALUE DESCRIPTION Output channel - Values according to TABLE Output frequency MHz Output frequency Input frequency MHz IF band for input frequencyaudio Audio Stereo/Mono/ Stereophonic, mono or dual sound Dual Audio level 1..4 Audio sub-carrier deviation Video level 1..8 Video level A/V ratio db Difference between the levels of the video and audio carriers. Table channels B/G CCIR Permits programming the output, using I UK SM8 channels from the selected table or D/K OIRT frequencies L FRANCE Frequency Table 7 - Range of values SCREEN Data error Reading error DESCRIPTION The data selected does not belong to the range of values indicated in table 3. An error occurred during the READ function. Table 8 - Warnings Sending data Programming mode To program a modulator, set the programming switch program mode to the ON position. The programming indicator will immediately light up. It is recommended that only one modulator be programmed at a time. Fig Programming mode Series - Technical manual

35 While the programming indicator remains lit, the modulator is ready to receive data from the PS programmer. Once the modulator has been programmed, the programming mode must be deactivated by setting the switch to the OFF position. The programming indicator light will then go out Transmitting data Select the desired function on the screen of the PS programmer and choose the correct value of this function.to transmit the data, press the T key. The programming indicator will blink, indicating that the modulator has received the data Selecting the output channel or frequency WARNING, The modulators leave the factory pre-set to the appropriate channel, depending on the configuration of the TV transmitter. It is recommended that, before programming, a plan be established of the output channels, thereby avoiding selecting channels which are already assigned. Make sure that the output channels are not already being used in the distribution. To test the output channel programmed in the MS modulators, used the READ function of the programmer. When the words Output channel B/G CCIR C are displayed on the screen, standard channels can be chosen. The words Output channel B/G CCIR S mean that S band channels can be selected. Press the C/S key to toggle between standard and S band channels. When the words Output frequency appear on the screen, it is possible to select the output frequency in steps of 0.25 MHz Copying data Make sure that the values of all functions, except that of the output channel, correspond to the values desired for you installation. Pointing the programmer at the modulator, press the F and COPY keys. The PS programmer must remain pointed at the receiver until the Copy... message is no longer displayed on the screen Reading data Pointing the programmer at the modulator, press the F and READ keys. The message Read... will appear on the screen.while the data is being read, the programming indicator of the modulator will blink continuously. During this period, the modulator must not receive other transmissions. Also, is necessary to keep the PS programmer pointed at the modulator until the message Read... is no longer displayed on the screen Adjusting the video input level The Video level function allows you to control the depth of modulation. The 8 video levels correspond to typical depths of modulation, namely of 65/70/75/80/85/ 90/95/100%, for a video input level of 1Vpp. For other video input levels, use the PS programmer to select the correct level so that the TV image is neither too bright nor too dark. Technical manual Series - 33

36 7 7. TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS 7.1 General technical data of the complete equipment Frequency range Input channel Frequency step I/O I/O Offset MHz MHz ANALOGUE / DIGITAL RE-EMITER Terrestrial reception paramenters AM-TV / DVB-T Bandwidth MHz AM-TV 1.0 DVB-T -3/6, -2/6, -1/6, 0, 1/6, 2/6, 3/6 Frequency stability khz ± 25 Multiplexing/diplexing through loss db 1.2 ±0.1 Noise figure db 14 ±1.0 Input level dbµv 92 AM-TV 82 DVB-T 62 AM-TV 52 DVB-T Selectivity Pn-Pn±2 db 80 Input connection db F female Frequency range MHz Output level AM-TV Wps 2 (50 W) dbm 33 DIN K intermodulation db ³ 54 level adjust db 30 Carrier/Noise ratio (C/N) db ³ 60 Video/audio carrier ratio db 12/16 Output connection db BNC female (50W) Frequency range MHz Output level DVB-T mw RMS 500 (50 W) dbm 27 Distance to shoulders dbc ³ 38 MER db ³ 31 Level adjust db 30 Output connection db BNC female (50W) Output level stability db < 1 Channel flatness response db ±0.75 Phase noise dbc/hz 10 khz Presentation 19" rack cabinet 18U Maximum number of channels in 19" rack 8 Mains voltage V 230±20% 50/60 Hz Maximum mains consumption VA 760 Weight Dimensions Unpacked Packed Unpacked Packed MHz kg kg mm mm RF (AM-TV) parameters RF (DVB-T) parameters General parameters Room temperature with fan C x 600 x x 725 x Series - Technical manual

37 7.2 Technical data of each block of the equipment Channel processors CODE MODEL Input level Output level Output level stability Automatic gain control Selectivity Channel flatness response Freaquency stability Multiplexing/diplexing through loss Spurious in band Return loss DC path Power supply Room temperature with/without fan Protection index Packing dimensions dbµv dbµv db db db db V ma C mm PC-404 Connection F female TV system AM-TV / DVB-T Input frequency range MHz Output frequency range MHz Band width MHz 8 Frequency step I/O MHz 0.25 AM-TV 1.0 DVB-T I/O offset MHz -3/6, -2/6, -1/6, 0, 1/6, 2/6, 3/6 DVB-T Noise figure Phase noise db KHz db db db dbc/hz max. min. Pn-Pn±1 Pn-Pn±2 fc -fc± 4 MHz fc -fc± 8 MHz 92 AM-TV (dif. 0dB) 82 DVB-T <1 ± ± ±1.0 <58 >14 1KHz 10KHz Equivalent noise degradation db <1,2 V +5.7 ma AM-TV 52 DVB-T 80 ±3.0 AM-TV 70 ±3.0 DVB-T 30 Typic 78 AM-TV 80 3 DVB-T 80 ± Operating temperature close to equipment C / +45 IP x 170 x AM-TV (dif. 16dB) 82 DVB-T Dif. Difference in levels with regard to adjacent channels. Programmable with programmer PS-003 version 3.1 and later CODE MODEL Output voltage Maximun output current Fuse Peak to peak ripple voltage Mains voltage Operating temperature close to equipment Room temperature with/without fan Protection index Packing dimensions V ma V A mv V VA 130 C C mm , AS (Type F) < /+45 IP x 85 x % 230±15% 50/60 Hz % 50/60 Hz Technical manual Series - 35

38 7.2.2 Monochannel amplifiers CODE MODEL ZP-431 TV system Connection Number of channels Frecuency range Band AM-TV / DVB-T F female 1 UHF MHz Gain db±tol 40±3.0 Adjustable gain range Maximun outpul level db DIN 45004K dbµv 115 (IMD 3-54 db) AM-TV 110 (IMD 3-35 db) DVB-T Selectivity 1 Cn - Cn± db Cn - Cn± fc - fc ±4MHz 6 5 fc - fc ±12MHz 60 Noise figure Return loss db db 10± Output voltage V +24 ma 33 Power supply V +24 ma 45 Operating temperature close to equipement C Room temperature with/without fan C /+45 Protection index IP 20 Packing dimensions mm 200 x 80 x x 375 x 225 CODE MODEL Output voltage Maximun output current Fuse Peak to peak ripple voltage Mains voltage Operating temperature Protection index Packing dimensions V ma V A mv V VA C mm AS (Type F) < % 230±15% % 50/60 Hz IP x 85 x Series - Technical manual

39 7.2.3 TV Modulators CODE MODELO TV system Frequency range Frequency step I/O Output channel Video input level Audio input level Audio Output level Output level adjust Output level stability Multiplexing through loss Carrier/noise ratio (C/N) Audio signal/noise ratio Return loss Chroma-luminance delay No-lineality of luminance Differential gain Differential phase Response to the 2T pulse Connectors Audio/video connector Power supply Operating temperature close to equipment Room temperature with/without fan Protection index Packing dimensions MHz KHz Vpp Vpp dbµv±tol db db db±tol db db db ns % % % V ma C C mm AM-TV MS S1 - S (75W) (>20W) Unbalanced 84 ± ±0.1 Video to audio carrier ratio (V/A) db 12/16 ³60 >50 >15 <40 <2 <3 <3 <3 F female B/G CCIR 250 minidin (8 pin) /+45 IP 20C 265 x 165 x 40 CODE MODELO Output voltage V ma Peak to peak ripple voltage mv Mains voltage V VA Operating temperature close to equipment C Room temperature with/without fan C FA < % 230±20% 50/60 Hz % 50/60 Hz /+45 Protection index Packing dimensions mm IP 20C 270 x 165 x 60 Technical manual Series - 37

40 7.2.4 Power amplifiers CODE MODELO AX-204 Frequency range MHz Gain db 42 ±1.0 Flatness response db ± 1.5 Output level AM-TV (50 W) Wps 2 dbm 33 Output level DVB-T mw RMS 500 (50 W) dbm 27 Return loss db ³ 10 Chroma-luminance delay ns < 2.0 Noise figure db 9 ±1.0 Input connection Output connection F female (75W) BNC female (50W) Power supply V 24 ma Room temperature with fan C Protection index IP 20 Dimensions mm 205 x 190 x CODE MODEL Output voltage Maximun output current Fuse Peak to peak ripple voltage Mains voltage Operating temperature Protection index Packing dimensions V ma V A mv V VA C mm AS (Type F) < % 230±15% % 50/60 Hz IP x 85 x Multiplexer filter CODE MODELO Number of channels FX-400 Frequency range MHz / 3 / 4 Bandwidth MHz 8 Insertion loss db 2.5 ±0.5 Impedance W 50 Return loss db ³ 20 Maximum power W 10 Selectivity -5.5 MHz db ³ MHz db ³ 12 Input connection Output connection BNC female (50W) N female (50W) Room temperature with fan C Protection index IP 20 Dimensions mm 270 x 165 x Series - Technical manual

41 7.2.6 Hybrid combiner/splitter CODE MODELO Channels CX-202 Frequency range MHz Impedance W 50 Return loss db 0.5 Amplitude balance db ± 0.6 Phase balance deg ± 3 Return loss db ³ 18 Isolation db ³ 21 Maximum power W 100 I/O connection N female (50W) Room temperature with fan C Protection index IP 20 Dimensions mm 165 x 100 x 50 CODE MODELO Channels CX-204 Frequency range MHz Impedance W 50 Return loss db 0.7 Amplitude balance db ± 0.8 Phase balance deg ± 3 Return loss db ³ 15 Isolation db ³ 21 Maximum power W 100 I/O connection N female (50W) Room temperature with fan C Protection index IP 20 Dimensions mm 165 x 100 x Antennas CODE MODELO TV system Channels AP-369 AM-TV / DVB-T Frequency range MHz Gain dbi 15.7 Impedance W 50 R.O.E. 1.4 Maximum power W 10 Beam width H 46 V 27 Front/back ratio db 20 Polarization Horizontal Wind loading 70 N H V Dimensions mm 830 x 645 x Technical manual Series - 39

42 CODE MODELO TV system Channels AN-412 AM-TV / DVB-T Frequency range MHz Gain dbi 13 Impedance W 50 R.O.E. 1.1 Maximum power W 2000 Beam width H 60 V 27 Front/back ratio db 25 Polarization Horizontal Wind loading 570 N H V 330 Dimensions mm 962 x 483 x Series - Technical manual

43 8 8. TROUBLE SHOOTING Some problems that may arise during the installation of the TV transmitter/re-emitter equipment are described below. WARNING, before carrying out any operation on the TV transmitter, disconnect it from the mains supply. 8.1 TV Re-emitter P. Problem, C. Cause, S. Solution P. No processor is working. C. The AS-326 power supply unit is damaged. S. Replace the power supply unit. P. A processor is not transmitting the corresponding channel and the OK indicator (21) is blinking. C. The processor is not correctly programmed. S. Revise the programming of the processor. P. The processors transmit the channels, but the OK indicator (21) is blinking slowly. C. The level of the input signal of the programmed channel is lower than that shown in the table of technical characteristics. S. Ensure that the input signal level lies within the range specified in the data table. P. The processors transmit the channels, but the OK indicator (21) is blinking quickly. C. The level of the input signal of the programmed channel is higher than that shown in the table of technical characteristics. S. Ensure that the input signal level lies within the range specified in the data table. P. The channel processor does not give the output level specified in the data table. C. The channel processor is working in analogue mode when the selected channel is digital, or vice versa. S. Make sure that the channel processor is working in analogue mode if the channel selected at the input is analogue; or in digital mode if the channel selected at the input is digital. P. The ventilation system does not work. C. The ventilation system is turned off or is not connected. S. Check that the switch of the ventilation system is in the ON position and that its cable is connected to the power strip. P. The TV re-emitter does not emit any channels and the indicators that the equipment is working correctly are unlit. C. The TV re-emitter is not being powered. S. The differential switch has been activated, cutting off the current. Revise the installation. P. A channel which is correctly programmed and connected is not detected at the output of the TV re-emitter when it is powered correctly. C. The AX-204 amplifier is damaged. S. Replace the damaged equipment. P. A channel which is correctly programmed and connected is not detected at the output of AX-204 amplifier. C. The AS-125 power supply unit is damaged. Technical manual Series - 41

44 S. Check whether the power supply units are functioning correctly; if they are not, replace any which are damaged. P. One or several correctly programmed channels are not detected at the output of the TV re-emitter. C. The modules of the different stages are not properly connected. S. Check the connecting strips of the different stages of the TV re-emitter. 8.2 TV Transmitter P. Problem, C. Cause, S. Solution P. The TV transmitter is not broadcasting any channel and the LEDs indicating that the equipment is functioning correctly have not lit up. C. The TV transmitter is not receiving power. S. The differential switch has been activated; review the installation. P. The screen is black or shows only "snow". C. No video signal is reaching the modulator. S. Check that the video source is correctly connected. P. The image can be seen but there is no sound. C. No audio signal is reaching the modulator. S. Check that the audio source is correctly connected. P. The sound level is weak. C. Stereo audio is selected in the modulator when the input is mono. S. Select mono audio in the modulator or change the input to stereo. P. The sound level is different from that of the other channels. C. The audio level selected in the modulator is incorrect. S. Change the audio level of the modulator with the PS programmer. P. The image is insufficiently bright. C. The level of the video signal from the modulator is very low. S. Increase the video level with the PS programmer until a bright image can be seen. P. The image is too bright. C. The level of the video signal from the modulator is very high. S. Reduce the video level with the PS programmer until the brightness of the image is correct. P. Image synchronisation is lost. C. The level of the video signal from the modulator is very high. S. Use the PS programmer to reduce the video level until the image can be seen correctly. P. No channel can be received from the receiver point. C. The AS-125 power supply unit is damaged. S. Check that the power supply units are functioning correctly. If one has broken down, replace it. P. No channel can be received from the receiver point. C. The outputs of the amplifiers do not correspond correctly to the inputs of the multiplexors. S. Ensure that the connections between the amplifiers and the multiplexors are correct. P. A channel which is correctly programmed and connected is not detected at the output of AX-204 amplifier. C. The AS-125 power supply unit is damaged. S. Check whether the power supply units are functioning correctly; if they are not, replace any which are damaged. P. One or several correctly programmed channels are not detected at the output of the TV re-emitter. C. The modules of the different stages are not properly connected. S. Check the connecting strips of the different stages of the TV re-emitter Series - Technical manual

45 9 9. CALCULATION OF FIXED RADIO LINKS 9.1 Power in antenna (PANTENNA) Between the power amplifier and the antenna, there can be a series of devices (filters, multiplexers, splitters, coaxial cables, etc) which have losses. The real power in the antenna is the power provided by the amplifier minus the losses from these devices; it is calculated by applying the equation: P antenna (dbm) = P transmitter (dbm)-il multiplexer devices (db) 9.2 Effective radiated power (ERP) This is the power radiated in a given direction, due to the gain of the antenna. It is expressed as: and erp(w) = p antenna (W) x g antenna (Isotropic ratio) ERP(dBm) = P antenna (dbm) + G antenna (dbi) G antenna (dbi) = 10 x log[g antenna (Isotropic ratio)] 9.3 Attenuation in free space (α 0 ) This is the attenuation which the signal undergoes, depending on distance and frequency, as it travels through the air. It is expressed as: α 0 (db) = 32, x log[d(km)] + 20 x log[f(mhz)] 9.4 Field Strength (Field Strength) This is the electromagnetic field at a specific point in a spherical-type propagation. It is related to the effective radiated power by the equation: FieldStrength (dbμv/m) = ERP(dBm) - 20 x log[d(km)] + 38,7 When the electromagnetic field acts on an antenna, it gives rise to a potential which depends on the gain of the antenna (in dbd) and on the frequency. The expression of this potential (receiver signal) is: Receiver signal (dbμv) = FieldStrength (dbμv/m) + G(dBd) - 20 x log[f(mhz)] + 33,6 The antenna gain in dbd is the relation between the radiation of a directive antenna compared with a dipole antenna. The gain of the antenna can also be expressed using the relation between the power radiated by a directive antenna compared with an isotropic antenna. In transmission, the antenna gain which must be used to calculate the ERP is the gain in dbi. In reception, the antenna gain which must be used to calculate the signal is the gain in dbd. The relationship between gain in dbi and gain in dbd is expressed as follows: G(dBi) = G(dBd) + 2,2 Technical manual Series - 43

46 9.5 Range of a re-emitter (d) The effective range of a re-emitter, following the criterion for propagation in free space, can be calculated using the expression: d(km) = 10 ERP(dBm) + 38,7 - FieldStrength (dbμv/m) Fresnel ellipsoids (R F ) Propagation in free space is a model defined without obstacles. Obstacles in the propagation cause reflections in the broadcast signal. A reflection which exceeds a complete distance of λ/2 can give rise to interference that cancels or reduces the level of the signal in reception. The radii of the Fresnel ellipsoids are the limits within which a signal must be free of reflections in order to avoid interference. They can be calculated using the equations: where: R F (m) = 547,723 x n x d 1 (km) x d 2 (km) f(mhz) x d(km) n= Number of the Fresnel zone (n x λ/2) d 1 = Distance from the transmitter to the obstacle (km). d 2 = Distance from the receiver to the obstacle (km). d= Total distance between the transmitter and the receiver (km). f= Frequency (MHz). 9.7 Calculation of feedback isolation in a re-emitter (Feedback Isolation) A re-emitter which works in isofrequency mode must have an isolation between the connection of the broadcasting antenna and the receiving antenna. This isolation must be 10dB greater than the gain required by the re-emitter to avoid oscillations. The expression used to calculate this isolation is: Feedback Isolation(dB) = FR radiant (db) - G radiant (dbi) + FR receiver (db) - G receiver (dbd) + 20 x log[d(m)] + 20 x log[f(mhz)]-27,5 where: FR radiant is the radiation pattern from the transmitting antenna aimed in the direction of the receiving antenna. FR receiver is the radiation pattern of the receiving antenna aimed in the direction of the transmitting antenna. G radiant is the gain, in dbi, of the transmitting antenna. G receiver is the gain, in dbd, of the receiving antenna. d[m] is the distance between antennas, in meters. f[mhz] is the frequency at which the isolation is to be calculated. 9.8 Example of calculation of the coverage of an AM-TV transmitter The aim is to calculate the coverage of an AM-TV transmitter of 2W PS (Peak Sync), operating at 658MHz, broadcasting through a panel antenna of 13dBi, connected through a coaxial cable of 11.4dB/100m at this frequency. The distance between the transmitter and the antenna is 15 meters. The analogue signal is captured by a yagi antenna with 14dBd gain, the minimum acceptable level being 50dBμV. With the minimum acceptable level, we can calculate the field strength at that point: FieldStrength (dbμv/m) = Receiver signal (dbμv) - G(dBd) + 20 x log[f(mhz)] - 33,6 = = x log(658) - 33,6 = 58,77 dbμv/m The power in dbm of the transmitter is 33dBm; the power reaching the antenna is calculated thus: and with this value, we calculate the ERP, which is: P antenna (dbm) = P transmitter (dbm)-il multiplexer devices (db) = = 33 - (11,4 x 15) / 100 = 31,29 dbm ERP(dBm) = P antenna (dbm) + G antenna (dbi) = Series - Technical manual

47 In watts, it is being broadcast with an ERP of 26.85W. To calculate the range, we apply the equation: d(km) = 10 = 31, = 44,29 dbm ERP(dBm) + 38,7 - FieldStrength (dbμv/m) 20 44, ,7-58,77 20 = 10 = 16,26 km 9.9 Example of calculation of the isolation of a Re-emitter For a re-emitter working in isofrequency mode, two panel antennas are used (for transmission and reception); these have a gain of 13dBi and the broadcast pattern shown below: 340 E/Emax 350 db E/Emax 350 db MHz 470 MHz 860 MHz Horizontal MHz 470 MHz 860 MHz Vertical Fig 34 - Characteristic graphs of the manufacturer The antennas are 15 meters apart (from centre to centre), in vertical position, with their dipoles forming an angle of 60 with respect to the main beam. Calculate the isolation of the antenna in channel 46 (fc=674mhz). First, it is necessary to look for the radiation ratio of both antennas. At 60 there is a lobe of 18dB, so that will be the value of both ratios.. Second, determine the gain of the antennas. For transmission, the gain is 13dBi; for reception, the gain is reduced by 2.2dB, so that the gain in reception is 10.8dBd. With these data, we apply the equation, which gives the following: Feedback Isolation(dB) = = FR radiant (db) - G radiant (dbi) + FR receiver (db) - G receiver (dbd) + 20 x log[d(m)] + 20 x log[f(mhz)]-27,5 = = , x log(15) + 20 x log(674) - 27,5 = 64,8 db Technical manual Series - 45

48 TYPICAL CONFIGURATIONS OF THE TRANSMITTER/RE-EMITTER Below are some typical configuration diagrams Re-emitter of 8 DVB-T/AM-TV channels Re-emitter of 8 terrestrial TV channels which can be digital, analogue or digital and analogue. RK-200 MR x AX-204 LX-001 LX x AS-125 Fig 35 - Typical Example 8 x PC x AS x ZP x AS-125 LT-107 LX-005 LT-107 LX Transmitter of 4 DVB-T/AM-TV channels Transmitter of 4 terrestrial TV channels which can be digital, analogue or digital and analogue. RK-200 MR x AX-204 LX-001 LX x AS x PC x AS x ZP-431 LX-000 LT-107 LX-005 Fig 36 - Typical Example Series - Technical manual

49 10.3 Transmitter of 8 AM-TV channels Transmitter of 8 analogue terrestrial TV channels. RK-200 MR-100 LX x AX-204 LX x AS x MS x FA-310 LS-207 LX-000 Fig 37 - Typical Example 10.4 Re-emitter of 4 DVB-T/AM-TV channels and transmitter of 2 AM-TV channels Re-emitter of 4 terrestrial TV channels which can be digital, analogue or digital and analogue, and transmitter of 2 analogue TV channels. RK-200 MR-100 LX x AX-204 LX x AS x MS-90 1 x FA-31 4 x PC x AS x ZP x AS-125 LT-107 LX-005 LS-207 LT-107 LX-000 Fig 38 - Typical Example Technical manual Series - 47

50 Series - Technical manual

51 INFORMACIÓN TÉCNICA TECHNICAL INFORMATION INFORMATION TECHNIQUE DPTO. PRODUCTO TC /10/2008 CÓMO MONTAR EL CONECTOR N HOW TO INSTALL THE N CONNECTOR COMMENT MONTER LE CONNECTEUR N MC CL-210 Pase el casquillo por el cable coaxial. Push the ferrule onto the coaxial cable. Passez la bague à sertir sur le câble coaxial ,5±1mm 5±1mm Pele el cable coaxial como se indica en las siguientes figuras. Strip the coaxial cable as shown in the following illustrations. Dénudez le câble coaxial comme indiqué dans les illustrations suivantes. 4 10±1mm 5 6 Estaño Solder Étain Retire la malla del cable coaxial hacia atrás. Pull back the shielding of the coaxial cable. Retirez le blindage du câble coaxial. Estañe la punta del conector N con el conductor interno del cable coaxial. Solder the contact pin of the N connector to the internal conductor of the coaxial cable. Soudez la pinoche du connecteur N au conducteur interne du câble coaxial. 7 Monte el conector en el cable coaxial. Fit the connector onto the coaxial cable. Montez le connecteur sur le câble coaxial. 8 Empuje la malla del cable coaxial hacia el conector y posteriormente monte el casquillo. Push the shielding of the coaxial cable towards the connector, then push the ferrule into place. Ramenez le blindage du câble coaxial vers le connecteur. Montez ensuite la bague à sertir. 9 Crimpe el casquillo. Crimp the ferrule. Sertissez la bague.