1550 Transmitter - NA15T Series and 1550 EDFA - NA25E Series. Procedures Manual 1550 EDFA 1550 EDFA Transmitter.

Transcription

1 1550 Transmitter - NA15T Series and 1550 EDFA - NA25E Series 1550 EDFA 1550 EDFA Procedures Manual 1550 Transmitter 1550 Transmitter

2 C-COR 1550 Transmitter - NA15T Series and 1550 EDFA - NA25E Series

3 1550 Transmitter - NA15T Series and 1550 EDFA - NA25E Series: Copyright 1999 C-COR.net Corp. All rights reserved. C-COR Document Number: MX0860 Revision B C-COR, C-COR.net, and FlexNet are registered trademarks of C-COR.net Corp. Navicor and CNM are trademarks of C-COR.net Corp. All other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Contents and specifications within this manual are subject to change without notice. For additional information: Call C-COR s Technical Customer Service (TCS) Department Monday through Friday during business hours (8 AM to 5 PM ET [+5GMT]): State College Office: Toll Free (US and Canada only): Hotline (Emergencies Only): Write to us at: C-COR.net Corp. Attn: TCS Department 60 Decibel Road State College, PA USA Visit us on the World Wide Web at: To give us feedback on this document: Send an to techpubs@c-cor.com mentioning the document number and page number(s) to which the feedback applies.

4 1.0 Introduction This document details the installation and operation of the Navicor 1550 Externally Modulated 1RU Transmitter (C-COR NA15T Series) and the Navicor 1550 Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier or EDFA (C-COR NA25E Series). The transmitter converts RF signals to optical signals on optical fiber. The EDFA amplifies an input from several optical fibers and outputs it to one optical fiber. For specifications other than those shown here, consult the specification sheets for the individual model and consult C-COR as necessary to define link performance. Table 1. Transmitter (NA15T series) Input/Output Specifications Wavelength Frequency Range 79 NTSC Channel RF Input 42 Channel Cenelec RF Input nm 1552±3 nm 1555±3 nm MHz 24±3 dbmv 26±3 dbmv NA15T-x-xA0xxx NA15T-x-xB1xxx NA15T-x-xB2xxx Transportation Distribution Extended Range High Output Distribution Output Power (dbm) (Output 1/Output 2) Range at specified performance (Output 1/Output 2) assuming 0 dbm arriving at Receiver (2 dbm for NA15ST-x-xBxxxx) SBS Suppression Limit (defines the maximum dbm of input by any EDFA within the link) (NA15T-S) (NA15T-T) (NA15T-D) (NA15T-E) (NA15T-H) 7.0/ / Second output is 6.0 but does not give similar CSO performance 65 km (40.6 mi) with an immediately following EDFA 65 km (40.6 mi) with an immediately following EDFA 35 km (21.9 mi) at both outputs EDFAs can be used if launch power into fiber is >12dBm. Output of EDFA must be split km (40-62 mi) when used in conjunction with an immediately following EDFA, and an EDFA at 45 km (27.9 mi). Longer distances are possible with reduced performance. 10.5/ km (27.9 mi) at both outputs MX0860 Revision B Introduction 3

5 Table 2. EDFA (NA25E series) Basic Input/Output Specifications Input Power Wavelength Output (dbm Typical) with Š3dBm Input Output (dbm min) with 3dBm Input 0 to 12 dbm 1555±5 nm Model Number NA25E- 13S 16S 19D 19L 22D 22L 24D 24L at each of 2 outputs 19.0 ± at each of the 4 outputs 22.0 ± at each of 6 outputs 23.5 Table 3. Environmental / Powering (for Transmitter and EDFA) Dimensions Weight Optical Connector Types Storage Temperature Operating Temperature Operating Humidity AC Powering DC Powering (-48VDC) Width: 48.3 cm (19.0 in) Height: 4.4 cm (1.75 in) Depth: 35.6 cm (18.6 in) 9.1 kg (20 lbs) maximum FC/APC, SC/APC E2000/APC -25 C to 70 C 0 C to 50 C 20% to 85% non-condensing 90 to 260VAC, 50/60 Hz -36 to -60VDC 4 Introduction MX0860 Revision B

6 1.1 Statement of Warranty C-COR shall, at its expense, correct any defect in material and workmanship in products manufactured by C-COR which may appear within the warranty period, as set forth herein. C-COR MAKES NO OTHER REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY OTHER KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THE GOODS, WHETHER AS TO MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR ANY OTHER MATTER. The warranty period is as follows: 1. Distribution electronics, such as amplifiers, main line passives, and power supplies: five (5) years from date of shipment. 2. AM fiber optic products: three (3) years from date of shipment. 3. Cable Network Manager (CNM ) network management software and associated equipment: fifteen (15) months from date of shipment. Network Management Transponders (NMT): warranted as unit in which they are installed for a maximum of three (3) years. When installed in unit already in the field, NMT will have remaining warranty of that unit, up to three (3) years and no less than one (1) year. 4. Terminal, modem, and translator products: one (1) year from date of shipment. 5. Specialty goods manufactured in C-COR s Equipment Service Center: CATV products: three (3) years from date of shipment; DATA products: one (1) year from date of shipment. 6. All other goods: ninety (90) days from date of shipment. C-COR s warranty shall not cover fuses, batteries, and lamps. It does cover transistors and integrated circuits to the extent that C-COR is warranted by the original manufacturer. Modifications or alterations of C-COR products (including but not limited to installation of non-c-cor equipment or computer programs) except as performed by C-COR or its authorized representative, will void this limited warranty. 1.2 Conventions The following symbols are used throughout this document:! Note: Read for added information and reminders. A note can tell you when a service interruption could occur. Caution Caution: Equipment damage may result if instructions are not followed. Warning Warning: Personal injury could result if instructions are not followed. DANGER laser light Laser Warning for Service Group SG3b: Disconnected optical connectors may emit invisible optical radiation. Avoid direct eye exposure to the beam. Laser light, visible or invisible, can seriously injure eyes or even cause blindness. MX0860 Revision B Introduction 5

7 1.3 Network Management 1550 EDFA and Transmitters will be compatible with C-COR s Cable Network Management (CNM ) system (to be added by C-COR). Call C-COR for more information. 1.4 Statements of Compliance FCC Compliance: This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. FDA Compliance: This device complies with 21 CFR Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those specified herein may result in hazardous radiation exposure. OSHA/ANSI Compliance: This device complies with ANSI Z CE Compliance: This device conforms to the protection requirements of Council directive 89/336/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility. 6 Introduction MX0860 Revision B

8 1.5 Tools and Materials Table 4 describes the tools, equipment, and materials that may be required to maintain the 1550 EDFA and transmitter. Anyone performing the procedures in this manual is expected to be familiar with the appropriate, safe use of these tools. Tools or equipment with superior specifications may be substituted for those listed. Table 4. Tools and Materials Tools/Equipment Required Characteristics Uses Torque wrench/driver Up to 66 in-lbs (4.0 to 7.5 N m), with interchangeable 7/16 inch or 11 mm hex socket, Phillips, flat blade, and TORX or TORX PLUS bits Strand mounting, housing closing, tightening various fasteners; C- COR recommends torquing all bolts and screws to the appropriate values whenever specified Nutdriver* Phillips screwdriver 7/16 inch (11 mm) Housing opening and closing #2 Centerseizure screws, module cover screws, power supply and transponder hold-down screws TORX or TORX PLUS driver T15 (TORX ) or 15 I.P. (TORX PLUS ) may be required for small fasteners Flat blade screwdrivers 1/4 inch, 5/16 inch may be required for small fasteners Fuse puller Compressed air Non-conductive (C-COR Part Number FP-1) non-residue, inert gas, ultra-filtered to <0.2 microns; recommended for optical systems Fuse removal and installation Fiber cleaning Lint-free cloth and 99% isopropyl alcohol Fiber cleaning * An 11 mm nutdriver or wrench can normally be used in place of a 7/16 inch tool if the bolt and nutdriver are manufactured to nominal across the flat tolerances. A non-fit will occur if the nutdriver is manufactured to minimum dimensions and the bolt head to maximum dimensions. Small, hold-down screws may be Phillips head screws or TORX PLUS head screws. Use the appropriate driver. MX0860 Revision B Introduction 7

9 1.6 FDA/ANSI Classifications The wavelengths of light typically transmitted through the optical fibers used in hybrid fiber/coaxial cable (HFC) architecture fall in the infrared band of the light spectrum and are not visible to the human eye. Lasers that generate beams of very intense light are classified according to their optical power. Optical receivers and transmitters are, thus, classified according to the laser radiation associated with the respective optical module. Refer to Section 1.2 for laser warnings. Laser Class Power Comments 1 (Exempt) 2 (Low) Considered to be incapable of producing damaging radiation levels during operation or maintenance. < 1mW Emits in the visible portion of the spectrum (400 to 700nm). Normal blink reflex (aversion response to bright light) provides adequate eye protection. Divided into subclasses 2 and 2a: Subclass 2 lasers are not capable of emitting accessible radiation greater than the Class 1 Accessible emission Limit (AEL) when 0.25 seconds is used as the exposure duration. Subclass 2a lasers do not emit radiation that exceeds the Class 1 AEL for an exposure duration of 1000 seconds. 3 (Medium) 1mW 500mW Hazardous under direct and specular reflection viewing conditions. Diffused reflection usually not a hazard. Not a fire hazard. Divided into subgroups 3a and 3b: Subclass 3a lasers are potentially hazardous only if the output is collected and focused into the eye or onto the skin. Subclass 3b lasers produce acute eye hazards even at the shortest exposure duration. 4 (High) > 500mW Poses hazards to the eye and skin not only from direct beam but also from diffused reflection. Can be a fire hazard. Optical modules Optical Power/Wavelength ANSI/FDA Laser Class ANSI Service Group Transmitters NA15T series between 6 and 8.5mW of 1550 ±10nm radiation Class 3b SG3b EDFAs NA25E series between 13 and 22mW of 1550±10nm radiation Class 3b SG3b 8 Introduction MX0860 Revision B

10 2.0 Fiber Care and Cleaning The fiber optic medium does not suffer from problems associated with copper-based coaxial cables, such as electromagnetic interference and increasing loss of signal power at higher frequencies and cable lengths. However, the ability of the optical fiber, a thin, flexible strand of silica glass, to enable light to travel through it with as little impedance as possible depends on the purity of the glass, the manner of its construction, and its care during handling, splicing, and installation. The information in the following sections should be considered before installation. Consult Recommended Practices for Optical Fiber Construction and Testing published by the Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers (SCTE) for further information. 2.1 Fiber Handling Caution Bare fibers are extremely sharp and can easily break. SCTE recommends wearing both gloves and safety glasses while preparing fiber optic cable and also properly disposing of broken optical fibers to avoid injury to the skin or eyes. Use caution when handling fiber (for example, feeding fiber connectors through housing ports and managing fiber within housings), to avoid a bend radius of less than 2 inches (50 mm) in the fiber leads. Often fiber optic cable must be unreeled before installation. SCTE recommends the figure-eight method to avoid twisting or bending. For shorter lengths of fiber cable (~2000 feet or 600 meters), remove the fiber cable from the reel, and coil it on the ground into a figure-eight about 15 feet (4.5 meters) in length, with coils 5 feet (1.5 meters) in diameter. For longer lengths of fiber cable, coil the fiber cable into a figure-eight about 30 feet (9 meters) in length, with coils 10 feet (3 meters) in diameter. Use cardboard shims between sections of fiber cable at the crossover locations of the figure-eight to relieve excess pressure. Singlemode fiber, typically used in HFC architecture, is composed of an 8µm glass core, surrounded by µm of cladding, which protects the core and serves to bend the optical energy back into the core. The cladding is protected by a 1mm plastic buffer coating. To ensure that the integrity of the cladding and glass core are maintained, proper handling of the fiber cable is required. When installing fiber optic cables in ducts, on above-ground strands, or underground: do not exceed the fiber cable manufacturer s maximum pulling tension do not exceed the fiber cable manufacturer s minimum bending radius do not subject the fiber cable to crushing forces. If cable specification documents are not available from the system manager, pulling tension should not exceed 600 pounds (~273 kg) during installation of non-connectorized fiber optic cable. The general minimum bending radius for a fiber cable under tension is 20 times the diameter of the fiber cable. The general minimum bending radius for a fiber cable not under tension and in fiber management within a fiber optic node is 10 times the diameter of the fiber cable. When securing connectorized fiber leads within node housings with cable ties, use caution to avoid crushing the plastic buffer or cladding. MX0860 Revision B Fiber Care and Cleaning 9

11 2.2 Fiber Cleaning Caution Using compressed air improperly on fiber cable connectors or bulkhead connectors can scratch the fiber endface or leave a residue and thereby degrade signal performance. Dust caps do not keep connectors completely free of dust or contaminants. Perform the procedures below each time fiber is handled and connections are made. The quality of interconnections in fiber optic systems must be comparable to that of the optical fiber itself to minimize attenuation and, thus, maximize the performance of the link. Connector loss, typically measured for a mated pair of connectors, is caused by several conditions, such as lateral offset, end separation, angular misalignment, and core diameter mismatch. Ensuring a clean optical fiber connection is critical. The presence of dirt or lint at the interface between two fibers degrades performance significantly. Keep the ends of fibers covered with dust caps when not in use to protect the fiber endfaces from dirt or damage. Always follow standard laser safety procedures when handling or cleaning fiber and fiber cable connectors Cleaning Fiber Cable Connectors Caution Use compressed air with at least the following specifications: Non-residue, inert gas for precision dust removal Ultra-filtered to <0.2 microns Recommended for optical systems. Follow the manufacturer s directions and cautions when using compressed air to clean fiber connectors. Do not tilt, invert, or shake the can of compressed air during use. 1. Wipe the fiber tip with a lint-free cloth (such as Kimwipes ) moistened with 99% isopropyl alcohol. 2. Wipe the fiber tip with a new dry lint-free cloth or the dry side of the same lint-free cloth. 3. Hold the can of compressed air specified above in an upright position, at an angle to the fiber tip, and about 6 inches away from the connector. 4. After spraying a few short bursts at the fiber tip, the connector is clean and ready for connection Cleaning Bulkhead Connectors 1. Remove the bulkhead connector s dust cover if necessary. 2. Hold the can of compressed air with the specifications above about 6 inches away from the bulkhead connector. 3. After spraying a few short bursts directly into the connector, the connector is clean and ready to accept a fiber connector. 10 Fiber Care and Cleaning MX0860 Revision B

12 2.3 Fiber Connectors Before connecting fiber cable connectors to bulkhead connectors, use an optical power meter to ensure that the received optical power is within the specified range. Received optical power greater than the specified maximum level can damage forward optical receivers. Caution FC connectors must have a keyway no wider than mm. When feeding fiber connectors through housing ports, do not pull the assembly by the connectors. Instead, gently push the connectors through the entry ports. Do not overtighten fiber stub cable connector bodies. Do not use wrenches. Use hand pressure only. Optical bulkhead connectors are extremely fragile. After cleaning, use caution when joining fiber cable connectors to bulkhead connectors. (Refer to Figure 1 for types of fiber cable connectors.) In particular, FC/UPC and FC/APC fiber connectors have special requirements. FC connectors must be installed into or removed from the bulkhead connector by unscrewing the retainer and inserting/withdrawing the fiber tip straight into or out of the bulkhead connector (see Figure 2). The fiber tip must not be inserted or withdrawn at an angle. Inserting or withdrawing the fiber tip at an angle may damage the ceramic sleeve inside the bulkhead connector. A damaged ceramic sleeve may completely inhibit laser signal transmission. All ceramic sleeves in FC/UPC and FC/APC connectors have a uniform slot running the length of the sleeve. Do not mistake this manufactured slot for a crack, which will have uneven edges. An example of an unbroken ceramic sleeve and examples of damaged ceramic sleeves are shown in Figure 2. FC/APC (angled tip) Figure 1. SC/APC (angled tip) Connector Types E2000 MX0860 Revision B Fiber Care and Cleaning 11

13 Fiber Tip Installing/removing fiber connector (ensure that fiber tip enters parallel to ceramic sleeve in bulkhead connector) Unbroken ceramic sleeve (with slot visible) Ceramic sleeve cracked and completely collapsed along the connector Section of ceramic sleeve broken out within the connector Figure 2. Bulkhead Connector Installation and Damage Examples 12 Fiber Care and Cleaning MX0860 Revision B

14 3.0 Unpacking All units are inspected before shipment and found to be free of mechanical and electrical defects. 1. Unpack all units. 2. Keep all packing materials until your inspection is complete. When possible, save the shipping container for future reshipment and/or storage. 3. Examine all units for any damage due to transit. If damage is discovered, file a claim with the carrier immediately. Notify your C-COR representative as soon as possible. Product deemed defective by the original purchaser must be returned to C-COR prepaid in the original packing material (or equivalent) with a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from the C-COR Equipment Service Center ( ). MX0860 Revision B Unpacking 13

15 14 Unpacking MX0860 Revision B

16 4.0 Mounting the Units in a Rack The following steps are designed to be performed in sequence. Refer to Figure 3 as necessary. Standard EIA 19 inch rack Figure 3. Mounting Units in a Rack 1. Place the module into the rack following these guidelines: Maintain 1.75 inches (1 rack unit) of vertical space between a transmitter module and other units within a rack EDFA units do not require space in between for mounting Do not block the front or back panel of any module Maintain sufficient space in front of and behind the rack for air circulation. 2. Align the mounting holes on the front flange of the module with the corresponding holes in the rack. 3. Install and tighten screws securely. MX0860 Revision B Mounting the Units in a Rack 15

17 5.0 Transmitter Controls and Indicators Front View (AC and -48V Models) Rear View (AC Model) Rear View (-48V Model) Figure 4. Navicor 1550 Transmitter 16 Transmitter Controls and Indicators MX0860 Revision B

18 Table 5. Transmitter Controls and Indicators Item Label Function 1 STATUS LED LED lights green to indicate that RF is present and that the transmitter is functioning normally with laser active. LED lights yellow (Minor Alarm) to indicate a parameter that will not cause damage or affect operation of the transmitter, but may be near an operational limit. LED lights red (Major Alarm) to indicate a parameter that could affect the operation of the transmitter. Alarms are generated for Laser Temperature, Laser Bias Current, Laser Cooler (TEC) Current, Manual Shutdown State, Keyswitch state. The transmitter will shut down under certain conditions. After shutdown, the transmitter may power up again if the monitored values return to normal. 2 LASER keyswitch ON position Laser is enabled when the key is turned to this position. The STATUS LED will flash yellow for a few seconds when keyswitch is turned, indicating the laser is not in a steady state. OFF position Laser is off Yellow STATUS LED should not be lit. 3 MOD ADJUST Allows adjustment of the RF signal level of carriers before they are modulated onto the optical fiber(s) when the unit is in MANUAL mode. Pressing the recessed and buttons, raises or lowers the RF signal level by ~0.25 db for each press of a button. The recessed RESET button resets the modulation index back to the default, factory-preset level. The LED panel at the left shows the amount of change in LED segments that each indicate ~0.5 db of signal change. Illuminated segments above the center markings indicate a setting above the preset level. Illuminated segments below indicate a setting below the preset level. Refer to Section 10.2 for information on distortion effects when adjusting RF Modulation. 4 MANUAL LED LED lights when in Manual mode. Manual mode provides a constant gain. In Manual mode, the modulation index can be adjusted with the MOD ADJUST controls. 5 CW LED lights when in Continuous Wave (CW) mode. CW mode sets up an appropriate RF level for the number of carriers specified on the specification sheet. When different channel loads are applied to the unit, the Automatic Gain Control (AGC) maintains constant total band power (meaning fewer carriers will cause the AGC to increase the carrier amplitude of the remaining channels to maintain the same total amount of power). This mode is normally used for certain FCC tests and to manually verify that performance is within specified limits. MX0860 Revision B Transmitter Controls and Indicators 17

19 Table 5. Transmitter Controls and Indicators (continued) Item Label Function 6 VIDEO LED LED lights when in Video mode. In Video mode, the AGC accounts for power and carrier peak level changes associated with carrier modulated envelopes and maintains proper RF gain through the path to provide correct operation with actual carriers. 7 (none) Pushing this recessed button changes the AGC mode to the next mode in the sequence VIDEO, CW, or MANUAL as shown by the adjacent LEDs. 8 RF TEST POINT Outputs -20±0.5dB from the input RF level. 9 OPTICAL (1 and 2) Connection location for output fiber with the proper type of optical connector (FC/APC, SC/APC, or E2000/APC) for the purchased model. 10 RS Reserved for future use. 11 RF INPUT F-connector for accepting a maximum of 60dBmV composite RF input to the unit. 12 MONITOR RS-485 connection. Reserved for future use. 13,14 MANUAL SHUTDOWN/ ACTIVE HIGH If a jumper does not connect the screws at 13 and 14, the unit will not start up. 15 I/0 On/Off switch. Allows full shut off of the unit (i.e., no electrical power entry). 16 INPUT POWER IEC AC standard three-pronged, UL approved plug for power input to unit V Provides input connection from -48V power source VRTN Provides return connection to -48V power source. 19 FUSE 2A Provides overcurrent protection. 20 GROUND Common ground. 18 Transmitter Controls and Indicators MX0860 Revision B

20 6.0 Setting Up a Transmitter DANGER laser light Laser Warning For Sevice Group SG3b: Disconnected optical connectors may emit invisible optical radiation. Avoid direct eye exposure to the beam. Laser light, visible or invisible, can seriously injure eyes or even cause blindness. Warning Never turn on a laser transmitter if all optical connectors are not covered. Caution! RF signal input levels in excess of NTSC channel loading can damage transmitter components. Ensure that RF Input is less than 60 1 NTSC channel loading. Derate the maximum RF input levels according to channel loading. You can find the maximum RF level per channel for a given NTSC/PAL channel loading by using the following equation where n equals number of channels: 1 Analog Input Level (dbmv) = 10log -- n + 60 dbmv (PAL will be within 0.15 dbmv of the correct value using this equation.) This calculation is used only to determine the input level where transmitter damage may occur. Operation outside of the RF input level shown in the specification sheet may degrade transmitter performance. Refer to Figure 5. Using mismatched connectors will damage the connectors and degrade system performance. Transmitters are available with FC/APC, SC/APC, or E2000/APC bulkhead connectors. Ensure that each fiber has a matching connector. Refer to Figure 1 for a picture of the various optical connectors. The following describes normal operation conditions: When the transmitter is in the Video or CW mode, there is an RF automatic gain control (AGC) that maintains a constant total RF power to the laser. For example, with a recommended RF level of 24 dbmv for 79 channels, if the number of channels are reduced by half to 40 channels, the AGC will automatically compensate by raising the internal gain by 3 db. If it is desired to maintain a constant RF level, as the number of channels changes, it is recommended that the transmitter be operated in the manual mode this maintains a constant RF gain in the transmitter. 1. Turn the LASER keyswitch to the OFF position. 2. Verify that the RF input levels to all transmitters are correct using a signal level meter. Refer to Figure 5. See the appropriate specification sheet for recommended RF input levels. MX0860 Revision B Setting Up a Transmitter 19

21 The 4 values above represent 40 channels NTSC & PAL, 60 channels PAL, 79 Channels NTSC, and 112 channels NTSC respectively Figure 5. Analog Input Levels 3. Connect the RF cable to the F-type, RF input connection on the back panel of the transmitter as per your system map. 4. Verify that the correct type of optical connector (FC/APC, SC/APC, or E2000/APC) is attached to the optical fiber. Clean both the bulkhead and fiber connectors. Refer to Section 2.0, Fiber Care and Cleaning, for connector diagrams and cleaning information. 5. Connect optical fiber(s) to the optical output connections on the back panel. 6. Connect and energize the appropriate external power sources by attaching a UL approved AC power cord to the AC power receptacle on the rear panel of the module (refer to Figure 4). 7. Turn on the power to the unit by placing the I/0 (on/off) switch in the I (on) position. The ON light should flash yellow briefly until the laser reaches a steady state. 8. Turn the LASER KEY SWITCH on. 9. For most applications, set the AGC mode to VIDEO to allow the transmitter to automatically compensate for routine variations in the incoming signal. It may take several minutes for the laser to deliver at rated output levels. If operating the transmitter in a mode other than VIDEO, refer to Section 10.2 for more information on the effects of changing the optical modulation index. 20 Setting Up a Transmitter MX0860 Revision B

22 7.0 EDFA Controls and Indicators Front View (AC Rear View (AC Model) Rear View (-48V Model) Figure 6. Navicor 1550 EDFA Controls and Indicators MX0860 Revision B EDFA Controls and Indicators 21

23 Table 6. EDFA Controls and Indicators Item Label Function 1 STATUS LED Green indicates adequate optical input power is present and the pump(s) are functioning normally. Yellow (Minor Alarm) indicates a parameter that will not cause damage or affect operation of the EDFA unit, but may be near an operational limit. Red (Major Alarm) indicates a parameter that could affect the operation of the transmitter. The EDFA will shut down under certain alarm conditions. After shutdown, the EDFA may power up again if the monitored values return to normal. Refer to Table 7 for descriptions of alarm states. 2 LASER keyswitch ON position Pumps are enabled and can provide optical amplification when the key is turned to this position. The STATUS LED will flash yellow for a few seconds when the keyswitch is turned, indicating the pumps are not yet in a steady state. OFF position Pump(s) are off. Yellow LED should not be lit. 3 DISPLAY/NEXT Pushing this button changes the LCD described in Item 5 to the next display mode. The display will read ALARM with a short description in case of an alarm. Refer to Table 7 for descriptions of alarm states. The display modes are as follows: Pwr In gives the input optical signal level in tenths of a dbm Pwr Out gives the output optical signal level in tenths of a dbm P1 Bias gives the status of pump 1 in the amplifier P1 Temp gives the temperature of pump 1 in the amplifier P2 Bias gives the status of pump 2 in the amplifier P2 Temp gives the temperature of pump 2 in the amplifier Unit Temp gives the temperature of the interior of the unit Keyswitch shows the position of the keyswitch (ON or OFF) Pwr Supply gives the status of the power supply Model gives the C-COR model number of the unit S/N gives the C-COR serial number for the unit Rev gives the revision level of the unit 22 EDFA Controls and Indicators MX0860 Revision B

24 Table 6. EDFA Controls and Indicators (continued) Item Label Function 4 and buttons, RESET and raise or lower the output of the unit in increments of 0.25dB per each press of the button. The output can be adjusted from -1.0dBm to: +0.5: 13 to 16dBm +.25: 19 to 24 dbm around the factory-preset output level. RESET returns the output to the factory-preset level. When the output is altered, the Pwr Out mode will automatically display on the LCD. It takes a few seconds for the effects of each adjustment to be displayed. 5 (none) LCD that displays status information. Can be used with the DISPLAY/NEXT button. 6 OPTICAL (1 and 2) 7 RS Reserved for future use. 1 is the connection location for the input fiber, 2 is the output fiber with the proper type of optical connector (FC/APC, SC/APC, or E2000/APC) for the purchased model. (Two and four output versions not shown). 8 I/0 On/Off switch. Allows the unit to be fully shut off (i.e. no electrical power entry). 9 INPUT POWER IEC AC power plug for connection to a standard three-pronged, UL approved power plug with in-line fuse holder. 10 OPTICAL - IN, OUT 11 RS-232 Reserved for future use. Connection location for input and output optical fiber with the proper type of optical connector (FC/APC, SC/APC or E200/APC). 12 MONITOR RS-485 connection. Reserved for future use. 13, 14 MANUAL SHUTDOWN/ ACTIVE HIGH If jumper does not connect the screws at 13 and 14 the unit will not start up. 15 I/O On/Off switch. Allows full shut off of the unit (i.e., no electrical power entry) V Provides input connection to -48V power source VRTRN Provides return connection to -48V power source. 18 FUSE 2A Provides overcurrent protection. 19 GROUND Common ground. MX0860 Revision B EDFA Controls and Indicators 23

25 8.0 EDFA Alarm Descriptions The EDFA will shut down under certain conditions. After shutdown, the EDFA may power up again if the monitored values return to normal. Table 7. EDFA Alarm/Status Descriptions Parameter Green (Normal) Flashing Yellow WRNG (Minor Alarm) Flashing Red ALRM (Major Alarm) Pwr In * gives the input optical power level in dbm Above 0 dbm Between 0 and -2 dbm Below -2dBm Pwr Out gives the output optical signal level in dbm Within ±1 dbm of rated output Between ±1 and ±2 dbm from rated output Over ±2 dbm from rated output P1 Bias gives the status of pump 1 in the amplifier Display reads OK Greater than 90 %, display reads WRNG:P1 Bias HI Fault appears if both hardware and software faults occur that allow bias limits to be exceeded. Greater than 95 %, display reads ALRM:P1 Bias HI P1 Temp gives the temperature of pump 1 20 o C (68 F) to 30 o C (86 F) No alarm limit Greater than 30 o C (86 F) or less than 20 o C (68 F) the pump shuts down. When temperature stabilizes within the above parameters the unit automatically restarts. 24 EDFA Alarm Descriptions MX0860 Revision B

26 Table 7. EDFA Alarm/Status Descriptions (continued) Parameter Green (Normal) Flashing Yellow WRNG (Minor Alarm) Flashing Red ALRM (Major Alarm) P2 Bias gives the status of pump 2 Display reads OK Greater than 90 %, display reads WRNG:P2 Bias HI at 0%, display reads WRNG:P2 Bias LO Fault appears if both hardware and software faults occur that allow bias limits to be exceeded. Greater than 95 %, display reads ALRM:P2 Bias HI P2 Temp gives the temperature of pump 2 20 o C (68 F) to 30 o C (86 F) No alarm limit Greater than 30 o C (86 F) or less than 20 o C (68 F) the pump shuts down. When temperature stabilizes within above parameters, the unit automatically restarts. Keyswitch shows the position of the keyswitch (ON or OFF) Switch in ON position Normal flashing at start-up until pumps are in a steady state Switch in OFF position Pwr Supply gives the status of the power supply Display reads OK ± 10% from nominal Display reads WRNG:PS FAULT If there is a power supply fault of ±20% the display reads ALRM:PS FAULT * Absolute maximum rating: Input power not to exceed rated output power. MX0860 Revision B EDFA Alarm Descriptions 25

27 9.0 Setting Up an EDFA Unit DANGER laser light Laser Warning for Service Group SG3b: Disconnected optical connectors may emit invisible optical radiation. Avoid direct eye exposure to the beam. Laser light, visible or invisible, can seriously injure eyes or even cause blindness. Warning Never turn on an EDFA unit if all optical connectors are not covered. Caution Input optical power of over 12 dbm can overdrive and damage the EDFA unit. Using mismatched connectors will damage the connectors and degrade system performance. EDFAs are available with FC/APC, SC/APC, or E2000/APC bulkhead connectors. Ensure that each fiber has a matching connector. Refer to Figure 1 for a variety of optical connectors. 1. Using an optical power meter, verify that the optical input level on any input fiber does not exceed 12 dbm. 2. Verify that the correct optical connector is attached to the optical fiber. Clean both the bulkhead and fiber connectors. Refer to Section 2.0 for connector diagrams and cleaning information. 3. Connect optical fiber(s) to the optical input connection(s) on the back panel of all Forward and Return Path Receivers. 4. Connect and energize the appropriate external power sources by attaching a UL approved AC power cord to the AC power receptacle on the rear panel of the module (refer to Figure 4). 5. Turn on the power to the unit by placing the I/0 (on/off) switch in the I (on) position. 6. Turn LASER KEY SWITCH on. 7. (Wait 5 minutes) Verify proper power-up by observing the LEDs on all energized modules. A synopsis of all LED indications is given in Table Setting Up an EDFA Unit MX0860 Revision B

28 10.0 General System Performance Considerations RF Input Transmitter EDFA (optional) Receiver RF Output Figure 7. A Fiber Optic Link with EDFA 10.1 A Quick Overview of a Fiber Link A fiber optic link consists of a transmitter, the fiber itself, a receiver, and any other components in between (splitters, EDFAs, etc.). System performance is the relationship between the input RF signal and the recovered output RF signal and depends on: RF modulation placed on the optical carrier by the transmitter Optical attenuation between transmitter and receiver (including EDFA units) RF output signal level Performance characteristics of the individual system components: Laser Transmitters refer to product specification sheets Optical Receivers refer to product specification sheets Other Components refer to product specification sheets Fiber conditions The optical fiber should have all discrete reflections (connectors, fusion splices, etc.) at least 55 db down. Interference between discrete reflections can cause noise and distortion. The fiber should be free of any wavelength-dependent loss. This loss can cause distortion due to the inherent wavelength modulation of the laser. The fiber should be free of any tight bends. Tight bends can cause localized effects in the fiber that create distortion of the signal. MX0860 Revision B General System Performance Considerations 27

29 10.2 Effects of Adjusting Transmitter RF Modulation Depth and EDFA Output Levels Refer to the individual component descriptions for information on how to adjust the transmitter RF modulation depth or EDFA output level. At the transmitter, as RF modulation is: At the receiver output, RF signal: CNR CSO CTB and XMOD Increased 1 unit Improves 1 unit Degrades 1 unit Degrade 2 units Decreased 1 unit Degrades 1 unit Improves 1 unit Improve 2 units At the EDFA, when output is: Increased 1 unit Decreased 1 unit At the receiver output, RF signal CNR: Improves 1 unit Degrades 1 unit 10.3 Effects of Attenuation in a Fiber Link Attenuation within optical fiber is the result of scattering and absorption losses and will vary among different types and makes of fiber cable. The condition of the fiber can also affect the amount of attenuation. Refer to Section 2.0 for information on proper fiber care and cleaning. Refer to the manufacturer s specifications for cable loss information. Optical attenuation between the transmitter and receiver affects the intensity of the optical signal striking the photodiode within the receiver. The more the light is attenuated over the fiber, the more that CNR decreases, but other distortion characteristics are relatively unaffected. Ensuring the least amount of added optical attenuation possible between a transmitter and a receiver (while not overdriving the receiver) provides the greatest possible CNR for the link. The allowable amount of optical attenuation within a span of optical fiber is bound by a maximum and a minimum limit, derived from the maximum and minimum optical input levels of the receiver. The maximum attenuation allowed, sometimes referred to as the Link Budget, is the difference between the transmitter output level and minimum input level required by the receiver. The minimum attenuation allowed is the difference between the transmitter output level and the maximum input level specified for the receiver. 28 General System Performance Considerations MX0860 Revision B

30 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction Statement of Warranty Conventions Network Management Statements of Compliance Tools and Materials FDA/ANSI Classifications Fiber Care and Cleaning Fiber Handling Fiber Cleaning Fiber Connectors Unpacking 4.0 Mounting the Units in a Rack 5.0 Transmitter Controls and Indicators 6.0 Setting Up a Transmitter 7.0 EDFA Controls and Indicators 8.0 EDFA Alarm Descriptions 9.0 Setting Up an EDFA Unit 10.0 General System Performance Considerations A Quick Overview of a Fiber Link Effects of Adjusting Transmitter RF Modulation Depth and EDFA Output Levels Effects of Attenuation in a Fiber Link List of Figures Connector Types Bulkhead Connector Installation and Damage Examples Mounting Units in a Rack Navicor 1550 Transmitter Analog Input Levels Navicor 1550 EDFA Controls and Indicators A Fiber Optic Link with EDFA List of Tables Transmitter (NA15T series) I/O Specifications EDFA (NA25E series) Basic I/O Specifications Environmental/Powering (Transmitter and EDFA) Tools and Materials Transmitter Controls and Indicators EDFA Controls and Indicators EDFA Alarm/Status Descriptions World Headquarters 60 Decibel Road State College, PA USA Tel: , Fax: European Office P.O. Box AG Almere The Netherlands Tel: Fax: Canadian Office 377 MacKenzie Avenue, Unit 5 Ajax, Ontario L1S 2G2, Canada Tel: Fax: (Toll free for Canadian call only) World Wide Web