IoT Based Real Time Traffic Monitoring and Control System for Smart Cities

Transcription

1 IoT Based Real Time Traffic Monitoring and Control System for Smart Cities ABSTRACT N. Bharani Dharan UG Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shri Krishnaa College of Engineering & Technology, Mannadipet, Pondicherry, India. S. Dharani Prakash UG Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shri Krishnaa College of Engineering & Technology, Mannadipet, Pondicherry, India. S. Seenuvasamurthi Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shri Krishnaa College of Engineering & Technology, Mannadipet, Pondicherry, India. Internet of Things (IoT) is an environment where the objects, animals or people are provided with unique identifiers. It has the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. The IoT allows objects to be sensed and/or controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world into computer-based systems and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit. This paper focuses on reviewing the RFID and Sensor based technologies that are implemented in Smart Traffic System (STS) which concentrating only on traffic density management in the traffic scenarios and not meant for the emergency situations. Also this paper proposes an innovative approach on Traffic management with the help of the integration of IoT and smart phone applications including the Geo Fencing. Key Words-- Internet of Things, IoT based traffic system, RFID, Smart Traffic System (STS), Geo Fencing. 295

2 INTRODUCTION Traffic congestion is a growing problem worldwide causing time and fuel waste, pollution and even stress. Everybody is impatient to reach their destination in minimal time. The problem becomes really severe when any VIP enters to the city. All the traffic is stopped suddenly and huge resources of police and public are used. Managing these situations especially when it is a metropolitan city is a tough nut to crack. In Indian road-traffic, the problems like congestion, unpredictable travel time are taking a serious shape which is also chaotic and noisy and it becomes worse when the traffic is made at halt for even few minutes. Many kilometers of traffic jams takes places within few minutes. Various approaches have been proposed to reduce traffic jams but rarely some systems are available to control the traffic from a central control system in case of emergency like Ambulance movement in emergency. For example, the Heart movement from one hospital to other hospital in Chennai for which the 12 signals are completely halt by the traffic police represented in Fig.1, Natural Calamity, VIP arrival, terrorist attacks etc. Recently, several researches are started by state governments after the announcement of smart city concept to employ real time vehicle navigation and internet based traffic control technology which is prime domain of our project. In this work, we present a low cost innovative technology for control center connected smart traffic signal system using IoT modem. Fig.1: Chennai halts traffic to save life PROPOSED APPROACH Our work is direct implementable system which can be readily implemented if permitted by transport authorities. Most advanced Real-time Networking system in present time i.e. IoT is used to guarantee the service. Real time modification, navigation, tracking and control are 296

3 possible from a single control unit run by an individual. Most of the parts used are software based so overhead cost of implementation will be low. The proposed system deals about the domain of Vehicle to Internet of Things V2IoT. It is hybrid domain dealing with dynamic location and static control. It uses the techniques and concepts of the Internet of Things to improve Intelligent Transport System (ITS) and the vehicular communications, the V2V and the V2I systems within smart cities. The limitations observed in the previous attempts have major impacts in the design and implementation of Smart Traffic Systems. To provide a solution for traffic management to the Society, we turn onto the IoT with Smart Phone Application (SPA) for the IUT in our Country with large population in Emergency management. WORKING DIAGRAM Fig.2: Working diagram of Proposed Work The above Fig.2 illustrates the Working diagram of our proposed work. The vehicle unit consists of the GPS navigation in it. The location report will be immediately uploaded to the server. The location tracking is thus made easy to track and also to prevent the misuse of this system. The Internet connection between the Control center and the traffic system enables the user to transmit the control signal to the receiver. The ULN 2003 decodes the information into the machine language and control the signal. 297

4 FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM Fig.3: Block Diagram of Proposed work The above Fig.3 represents the simple Block diagram of the entire unit of our proposed work for the better understanding of the system design. The power supply provided to the system is of 12V and 750mA, which will be provided by the step-down transformer of 12V and 1A in our hardware design unit. The Voltage regulator is IC7812 that can supply a pure 12V in its output side to drive the ULN 2003 module to switch the traffic signals with the help of relays. The 4*4 channel relay can be able to control 4 I/O devices by its own. The input to the relay is just 5V to energize the inductor coil inside it. This also provided from the output of the IoT board, when the command ON is sent to it from the server. Here, the 6 Data Pins are used to 298

5 control the Complete 2 set of traffic signals. But, in every instant we are just going to send only 2 Bits to make a signal RED and other signal GREEN. IOT BOARD IMAGE Features Fig.4: Photographic Image of the IoT board Power Supply: DC +12v 1Amp. Auto data updating: 30sec Digital Output port Pins: +5V DC Message Format: *message or Data # (Start with * and End with #) Provided with 2 links o Data updating to a specific web site o Device controlling web site 299

6 Using this module, shown in Fig.4 we can connect traffic signal unit to control center without using any wired cabling system to reduce the chance of failure. The system should be strong enough to provide at least 256 KB/S speed of internet connectivity to provide efficient operation. It can be established using 2G Sim or Wi-Fi Modem both are acceptable. But, moving on to the higher generation may reduce the delay. TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL MODULE (ULN-2003) It is also called as relay drive to control the lights on traffic signal. A Relay driver IC is an electro-magnetic switch that will be used whenever we want to use a low voltage circuit to switch a light bulb ON and OFF which is connected to 220V mains supply shown in Fig.5. The required current to run the relay coil is more than can be supplied by various integrated circuits like Op-Amp, etc. Relays have unique properties and are replaced with solid state switches that are strong than solid-state devices. High current capacities, capability to stand ESD and drive circuit isolation are the unique properties of Relays. It can be used to switch the 240V lamp with the help of the 5V power supply from the data output pins. Fig.5: Internal Circuit diagram of ULN

7 ONLINE CONTROL WEBPAGE The IoT system can be controlled from the remote location by the Online Web page, specially created for controlling the system. Fig.6 shows the model of the Online Web page that can be used to control the traffic lights in our proposed work. It can control the traffic system by sending the commands through the internet to the receiver. Fig.6: Online Control Web page to control Traffic Signal Here, the IoT board consists of the 8 bit Data I/O pins and so it is provided with the 8 switches to control the 8 separate devices connected to this board. This will helps for the better operation of the system by controlling 2 traffic signals with 6 switches dedicated to them, while the remaining 2 switches can be used for the purpose of the Alarm units. 301

8 OUTPUT SCREENSHOTS Hardware Snaps Fig.7: Hardware Image PASSWORD PROTECTION Fig.8: Password Protection for Security 302

9 CONCLUSION There is no operating bandwidth limitation and it can be able to suits for any generation of the communication systems by the incorporation of the Wi-Fi facility. This can be used from the 2G communication to the upcoming 5G technologies. The increase in the operating bandwidth will results in the high speed data transfer between the systems. This will be useful in the reduced range with high speed of traffic switching in the very minimal time. Thus we created a system of online traffic control system for smart cities. The system is real-time implementable. FUTURE ENHANCEMENT In future, the Smart Phone Application and GPS can be upgraded to the highest possible level of accuracy of 1meter. In this situation, the accuracy will be more and also the even better management can also be done (e.g. IRNSS). It can able to develop advance in future. This will leads to the saving of human lives in an enormous accident with our IoT - A perfect IUT system in the upgrading Smart Cities. Thus we create the system of online traffic system control using IoT modem with network connectivity. Online tracing of the vehicles and control of traffic signals are possible using the project. We use SIM based IoT modem because on traffic signals Wi-Fi access is not possible every time especially in countryside areas. The system is directly implementable and real time. If the transport authorities permit it can be implementable in real time. Real-time navigation and online controls are the two main features of our project. It can be implemented for smart cities for VIP arrival, for ambulances, police vehicles and fire brigade. It also has the live chatting feature to alert the user in case of emergency. Realtime location tracking and track record are the improved features. Future enhancement is possible to control the vehicles as well as the traffic signals so if some robbery or kidnapping happens. Police can stop any vehicles from remote location without chasing and damaging public property and life and also not disturbing the traffic, that s of important thing in our work. 303

10 CHAPTER 8 REFERENCES [1] Fei-Yue Wang, Smart Cars on Smart Roads, Intelligent Transportation Systems Society Update IEEE Conference, pp 68-69, June [2] V. Manolopoulos, S. Tao, S. Rodriguez, M. Ismail and A. Rusu, MobiTraS: A Mobile Application for a Smart Traffic System, 2010, IEEE [3] Fahri Soylemezgiller, A Traffic Congestion Avoidance Algorithm with Dynamic Road Pricing, IEEE 24th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications: Mobile and Wireless Networks, pp , June [4] Pyykonen, J. Laitinen, J. Viitanen, P. Eloranta andt. Korhonen IoT for intelligent traffic system, Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP), September, [5] S.Lokesh, An Adaptive Traffic Raspberry-pi, International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, IEEE conference [6] Victor Welikhe, Graph Neuron based Approach to Smart Roads Solutions using Wireless Sensor Networks,Conference, pp , Sep [7] Dietmar P. F. Möller, CyberSystem, Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Applied Stochastics and Operations Research, IEEE Conference, pp , Mar.2014 [8] Xisong Dong, Jiehan Zhou, Bin Hu, Jukka Riekki, Xiong, Feiyue Wang and Fenghua Zhu, Future Innovative Urban Transport, International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), November, [9] Soufiene Djahel, Reducing Emergency Time in Smart Cities: An Advanced Adaptive and Fuzzy Approach, IEEE Conference. [10] Isaac.K.Isukapati and Stephen F Smith, Value-of-Time Drivers in Market Control, IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), September 11-14, 2014, Sweden. [11] Vandana Sharma and Ravi Tiwari, A review paper on IOT & It s Smart Applications, International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR), vol. 5, no. 2, February [12] Rickin Patel, Vipul K. Dabhi and sharshadkumar B. Prajapati, A survey on IoT based road traffic surveillance and accident detection system, Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-pact), IEEE, 2014, Vellore, India. 304

11 [13] Aditi Abhimane, Priya Limkar, Bhagyashri Barate and V. G. Puranik, IOT based vehicle traffic congestion control and monitoring system, 2nd International Conference for Vehicular Technology, IEEE 7-9 April 2014, Mumbai, India. [14] Mehal Zaman Talukder, Sheikh Shadab Towqir, Arifur Rahman Remon and Hasan U. Zaman, An IoT based automated traffic control system with real-time update capability, 8th International Conference on IoT Technology, IEEE, 3-5 July 2014, Delhi, India. [15] John A. Stankovic Research Directions for the Internet of Things, IEEE, 2014, America. [16] Somayya Madakam, R. Ramaswamy, Siddharth Tripathi, Internet of Things (IoT), IoT Applications Group, National Institute of Industrial Engineering (NITIE), 2015, Mumbai, India. [17] Jaroslav Kadlec, Radek Kuchta, Radovan Novotný and Ondřej Čožík, RFID Modular System for the Internet of Things (IoT), Department of Microelectronics, Brno University of Technology, Technická 3058/10, Brno, 2014,The Czech Republic. [18] Zeinab Kamal Aldein Mohammeda andelmustafa Sayed Ali Ahmedb, Internet of Things Applications, Challenges and Related Future Technologies, World Scientific News, 2015, Sudan. [19] Suchitra.C1 and Vandana C.P2, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, IJCSMC,2016, India. [20] J. Sathish Kumar and Dhiren R. Patel, A Survey on Internet of Things: Security and Privacy Issues, International Journal of Computer Applications ( ) vol. 90 No 11, March 2016,Pakistan. [21] Girish Yadav and M.Sathya Devi, Arduino based Security System An Application of IOT, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), April 2017, India. [22] Jayavardhana Gubbi,a Rajkumar Buyya, Slaven Marusic and a Marimuthu Palaniswamia, Internet of Things (IoT): A Vision, Architectural Elements, and Future Directions, IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Communication, [23] B.Lakshma Reddy and Narasaiah. B, Implementation of IoT Technology in building Smart Cities, IJIRCCE, 2017, India. [24] Mr. Basavaraju S R, Automatic Smart Parking System using Internet of Things (IOT), International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, vol. 5, no. 12, December 2017,India. 305

12 ABOUT THE AUTHOR Bharani Dharan.N was born in Villupuram, Tamil Nadu, India on 12 June He received his Graduate Degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from Shri Krishnaa College of Engineering and Technology, Pondicherry in Dharani Prakash.S was born in Pondicherry, India on 28 June He received his Graduate Degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from Shri Krishnaa College of Engineering and Technology, Pondicherry in Mr.S.Seenuvasamurthi (Ph.D) was born in Pondicherry, India on 25 March He is currently working as Assistant Professor for the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering in Shri Krishnaa College of Engineering and Technology, Pondicherry. He had published many papers during the period of working and also had given many guest lectures. 306