WRITING APA-STYLE L A M E R I A L J A C O B S O N M C R A E, P H D, L M H C

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1 WRITING APA-STYLE L A M E R I A L J A C O B S O N M C R A E, P H D, L M H C

2 APA American Psychological Association (APA, 2013) Most commonly used style formatting for publications, papers, articles, manuscripts in social sciences

3 APA: THREE MAJOR CONSIDERATIONS 1. Style 2. Format 3. Citations and References

4 APASTYLE: VIEW AND VOICE Use third person point of view rather than first person point of view, when possible. What notto do: I (we) found that What to do: The study showed that Use active voice rather than passive voice, when possible. Hint: Use the basic subject-verb-object (SVO) structure What not to do: The participants have been asked. What to do: The researchers inquired The participants responded

5 APASTYLE: VIEW AND VOICE 1. Be crisp: use simple, descriptive adjectives and minimize metaphorical or figurative language, which makes stronger statements to the reader. 1. Be clear: use specific descriptions and statements to provide clarity for the reader. 2. Be concise: condense information into succinct statements to reduce confusion for the reader.

6 APA FORMAT Consistent and does not change! Typed, double-spaced. Two spaces after punctuation between sentences. Standard-sized paper (8.5 x11 ). 1 margins on sides, top, and bottom. 12 point, Times New Roman font. Page header (title) in the upper left-hand of every page and a page number in the upper right-hand side of every page.

7 APAFORMAT: FOUR MAJOR SECTIONS 1. Tile page 2. Abstract 3. Main Body 4. References

8 APAFORMAT: TITLE PAGE Page header: (View > Header and Footer) Running head: title flush left + page number flush right. Lower case h and colon. Title in ALL CAPS. Title (centered, upper half of page), name (no title or degree), and affiliation (institution).

9 APAFORMAT: ABSTRACT Page header: do notinclude Running head: Abstract (centered, top of the page). Brief (150 and 250 words) summary of your paper in an accurate, concise, and specific manner. Include research topic, research questions, participants, methods, results, data analysis, and conclusions. Include implications of your research and clinical practice. Keywords: key points, use two

10 APA FORMAT: MAIN BODY First main body begins on page number 3. Title (centered, top of page, level 1 header) Identify sources and use parenthetical in-text citations (e.g., Jacobson, 2016). Format tables and figures

11 APAFORMAT: IN-TEXT CITATIONS Paraphrases and Direct Quotes Author s last name and the year of publication in parenthesis after a summary or a paraphrase APA graduate level papers need to show rigor for readability purposes (Jacobson, 2016). Authors last name outside of parenthesis and year of publication in parenthesis after direct quotes. Also, provide a page number in parenthesis and quotations around any use of direct quotes from source. Introduce quotations with key phrases such as acknowledged, maintained, responded, reported, argued, concluded.. Jacobson (2016) argued that graduate level papers include the most rigorous APA style in order to increase readability (p.11). Two or More Sources With two or more sources, order them as they appear in the References, the author(s) name, the year of publication, separated by a semicolon. In parenthesis: (Jacobson, 2016; Roach, 2016) As signal Phrase: Jacobson (2016) and Roach (2016) argued

12 APAFORMAT: IN-TEXT CITATIONS With two authors, use andin between authors name in the signal phrase yet ampersand (i.e., &) between their names in parenthesis. According to Jacobson and Roach (2015), the Stetson counseling programs appear among the best (p. 2). Researchers report the Stetson counseling programs appear among the best (Jacobson & Roach, 2015, p. 2). With three to five authors, identify all authors in the signal phrase or in parenthesis. In subsequent citations, only use the first author's last name followed by et al. in the signal phrase or in parenthesis. First use: Jacobson, Roach, and Thanasiu (2015) OR (Jacobson, Roach, & Thanasiu, 2015) Subsequent uses: Jacobson et al. (2015) OR (Jacobson et al., 2015) When citing a work with six and more authors, identify the first author s name followed by et al. Jacobson et al. (2014) stated that (Jacobson et al., 2014).

13 APAFORMAT: REFERENCES Identify a type of source (e.g., book, journal). Find an example of citing this type of source in the APA Manual and mirror. References(centered, top of page). List in the alphabetical order, author s last name first followed by initials. Flush left and hanging indent subsequent lines, per reference. Capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns. Do notitalicize, underline, or put quotes around the titles of shorter works such as journal articles or essays in edited collections. Capitalize each letter of each word and italicize titles of books. Example: Jacobson, L. (2016). The use of APA style writing in counselor education graduate programs. Journal of Graduate School Papers, 10, 1(3).

14 RESOURCES Purdue Owl: APA 6 th edition manual

15 STETSON COUNSELOR EDUCATION RESEARCH CLUB (CERC) At least one meeting per semester. Research topics include: creating conference proposals and presentations writing journal articles submitting proposals to an institutional review board (IRB) implementing research studies, and (d) applying for external funding. Benefits include CERC is free with no membership dues. A great way to meet others interested and involved in research. Receive tips on how to approach faculty and administrators about research projects. Find out more information on stipends and scholarships for graduate research.