Study newsletter. Phrase of the week. 2016, week 25

Transcription

1 Study newsletter 2016, week 25 Content Language level Page Phrase of the week Promises, promises All levels 1 Mind map Google All levels 2 Czenglish With vs. by Pre-intermediate (B1-) Advanced (C1) 3 Business Writing Discourse Markers Pre-intermediate (B1-) Advanced (C1) 4-7 Test Pasive and Active voice Pre-intermediate (B1-) Advanced (C1) 8 Phrase of the week Promises, promises We use this expression to react ironically to a threat or a promise we don't believe or don't value. You ca use this phrase i la guage. Spoken Informal Example 1 A: If you do that again, I'll call your wife. B: Promises, promises. Example 2 A: I'll never talk to you again if you don't return the book. B: Promises, promises. 1

2 Mind map Learning new vocabulary in the most effective way Vyzkoušejte si i terakti í Mindmapy zde: Klikejte na slova, usl šíte jed otli á slo íčka a lu e á rodilý lu čí. Slo íčka Slovo Search Image Maps Gmail News Drive Calendar Group Blogger Výz a slo a hledá at o rázek mapy e ailo á služ a Googlu o i k /zprá disk kale dář skupina logo a í služ a googlu 2

3 Czenglish WRONG: RIGHT: I go to work with my bike. I go to work by my bike. Prepositio s, as e e dis ussed i pre ious e tries, ause u erous pro le s. Here is o e example which could potentially cause misunderstanding - and humour. The correct sentence, I go to ork ike ea s that ou ride our ike to ork. You do ot go by car, or train. You pedal to work on a bicycle. To say, I go to ork ith ike, suggests that your bike is a travel partner or something you carry. You can go to work with your wife, or you can go to work with your briefcase. But saying, I go to ork ith ike, i plies that ou are our ike a ot e separated, a d hether ou take the car, the bus or the train to work, you always take your bike with you! 3

4 Business Writing Discourse Markers I this post, I starti g ith so e jargo. Discourse marker is a term used in linguistics. ESL teachers use it regularly when teaching students to write. So what is a discourse marker? In his book Practical English Usage, Michael Swan says they are words or phrases that can be used to: Show the connection between what a speaker is saying and what has already been said or what is going to be said Help make the structure of what is being said clear Indicate what speakers think about what they are saying or what others have said. They show the connection between what is being said and the wider context and we use them to ake our te t sti k together, to ake it ohesi e. Discourse markers are used in speaking and in writing. Some of the informal discourse markers are often used in informal s. Focusing and Linking (these can introduce a new topic, or announce a change of subject) With reference to Talking/speaking of/about Regarding As regards As far as... is concerned As for To Introduce the Most Important or Fundamental Point Basically Emphasise a Contrast However Nevertheless (more formal) Mind you (informal spoken) Still Yet In spite of this Balancing Thoughts Contrasting To Introduce a Fact that Is Very Clear to See or Understand (spoken) To Say that You Are Taking Everything Into Consideration While Obviously All in all On the other hand Clearly Whereas 4

5 Similarity Concession Counter-Argument Similarly In the same way It is true Of course Certainly However Even so But Nevertheless Nonetheless All the same Still Contradicting Dismissal of Previous Discourse to Introduce a Positive Point After Some Negative Information Change of Subject (usually used in conversation, and sometimes in informal s) On the contrary Return to Previous Subject (spoken) As I was saying Anyway Anyhow At any rate At least (For example: It was a bad accident, but at least no one was killed.) To Add Additional Information or Arguments Moreover Furthermore In addition As well as that On top of that (spoken) Another thing is (spoken) What is more Besides (spoken) In any case By the way Incidentally Right All right Now Okay Talking of... Generalising On the whole In general In all/most/many/some cases Broadly speaking By and large To a greater extent To some extent Apart from... Except for... 5

6 Giving Examples Logical Consequence Making Things Clear; Giving Details; to Say Something in Another Way For instance For example In particular Therefore As a result Consequently So Then I mean (spoken) Actually (spoken) That is to say In other words Softening and Correcting (spoken) Gaining Time (spoken) Sho i g O e s Attitude to What One is Saying (spoken) I think I feel I reckon I guess In my view/opinion Apparently So to speak More or less Sort of Kind of Well Really That is to say At least I afraid I suppose Rather Actually I mean Let me see Let s see Well You know I do t k o I mean Kind of Sort of Honestly Frankly No doubt 6

7 Persuading (Spoken) After all Look Look here No doubt To Say what the result would be if the situation were different Otherwise Referri g to Others Expectations (Usually spoken) Actually In fact As a matter of fact To tell the truth Well Summing up Introduce Additional Surprising/Unexpected Information (spoken) Structuring In conclusion To sum up Briefly In short Sources: Actually In fact As a matter of fact First(ly) First of all Lastly Finally To begin with To start with For one thing For another thing Swan, M (1996), Practical English Usage, Oxford University Press Seely, J (2007), Oxford A Z of Grammar & Punctuation, Oxford University Press Oxenden, C and Latham-Koenig, C, (2010), New English File Advanced Student s Book, Oxford University Press DALICE TROST, pů ode z Austrálie, je a sol e tkou agisterského studia a age e tu lidský h zdrojů a U i ersit of Ca erra Austrálii. Lektorka je držitelkou ertifikátu TEFL opra ňují í k ýu e izí h jaz ků. V rá i s é profes í pra e zastá ala soké a ažerské pozi e jako perso alistka, se ior super izorka, HR a ažerka, a to i o ji é e společ oste h Du aji a Austrálii. Akti ě se ě uje pu likač í prá i o oru zdělá á í a a gli kého jaz ka. Lektorka je autorkou k ih, ze které čerpá e t to tip : Business Writing-A Tip a Day for 30 Days 7

8 TEST: Pasive and Active voice It's a big factory. Five hundred people...(1) there. Water... (2) most of the Earth's surface. The park gates... (3) at 8:00 p. m every night. The ship... (4) quickly but fortunately nobody died. Carl and his sister... (5) up by their grandparents. Why... (6) from her job? I thought she enjoyed it! I was born in Cork but I... (7) in Central London. Most of the Earth's surface... (8) by water. The company is not independent. It... (9) by a much larger company. While I was on holiday, my camera... (10) from my backpack. 1. A are employed B employes 2. A covers B is covered 3. A lock B are locked 4. A sank B sinks 5. A were brought B were bring 6. A did Lola resigned B did Lola resign 7. A grew B am grown 8. A covers B is covered 9. A owns B is owned 10. A was stolen B is stolen Sprá é odpo ědi se doz íte ih ed po doko če í on-line testu zde: Sprá é odpo ědi z i ulého týd e (Relative clauses): 1B, 2D, 3A, 4C, 5D, 6C, 7B, 8C, 9A, 10C 8