FUNDAMENTAL MANUFACTURING PROCESSES Computer Numerical Control

Transcription

1 FUNDAMENTAL MANUFACTURING PROCESSES Computer Numerical Control SCENE 1. CG: FBI warning white text centered on black to blue gradient SCENE 2. CG: disclaimer white text centered on black to blue gradient WARNING federal law provides severe civil and criminal penalties for the unauthorized reproduction, distribution or exhibition of copyrighted videotapes. Copyright 2002 by Society of Manufacturing Engineers Always read the operating manual and safety information provided by the manufacturer before operating any numerically controlled or computer numerically controlled equipment. Make sure all machine guards are in place, and follow all safety procedures when working with or near numerically controlled or computer numerically controlled equipment. SCENE 3. tape 40, 01:00:00-01:00:12 SME logo, with music CG, SUPER: SCENE 4. tape 25, 01:01:00-01:01:45 fundamental series open, with music MUSIC UP AND UNDER THE FUNDAMENTAL MANUFACTURING PROCESSES VIDEO SERIES, EXAMINING THE TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES OF PRECISION MANUFACTURING. SCENE 5. program title: CG: Computer Numerical Control white text centered on black THIS PROGRAM IS AN INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL. SCENE 6. tape 233, 05:08:49-05:09:19 small face mill, ramping into part, milling pocket THE MACHINING OF PARTS IS ACHIEVED USING MACHINE

2 tape 56, 01:20:21-01:20:30 c.u. turning operation TOOLS THAT BRING CUTTING TOOLS INTO CONTACT WITH THE WORKPIECE. THESE CUTTING TOOLS REMOVE THE UNWANTED MATERIAL, SHAPING THE PART. SCENE 7. tape 548, 03:36:49-03:36:53 archival footage, machinist manually feeding drill, slow motion TRADITIONALLY, THE CUTTING TOOL S MOTION RELATIVE TO THE WORKPIECE WAS CONTROLLED MANUALLY BY A SKILLED MACHINIST. SCENE 8. tape 548, 03:34:39-03:34:42 archival footage, wide, engine block line tape 548, 03:35:12-03:35:19 archival footage, engine block being machined tape 548, 03:36:11-03:36:15 archival footage, wide, camshaft line tape 674, 10:00:08-10:00:20 'nc' program tape being placed in 'nc' system BUT WITH THE ONSET OF MASS PRODUCTION AND THE INCREASED DEMAND FOR PART QUALITY AND UNIFORMITY, NUMERICAL CONTROL, OR 'NC', SYSTEMS WERE DEVELOPED. SCENE 9. tape 674, 10:46:10-10:46:17 'nc' program tape being placed in 'nc' system tape 674, 10:41:29-10:41:40 'nc' system producing part THESE 'NC' SYSTEMS CONTROL MACHINE COMPONENTS BY CONVERTING PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTIONS INTO OUTPUT SIGNALS. THESE OUTPUT SIGNALS IN TURN CONTROL THE MACHINING PROCESS TO PRODUCE A WORKPIECE. SCENE 10. tape 667, 00:07:58-00:08:12 zoom in, machining of part to cnc computer display COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL, OR 'CNC', BUILT UPON THE STANDARD NUMERICAL CONTROL PRODUCTION CAPABILITIES BY INCORPORATING AN INTEGRAL COMPUTER PROCESSOR TO GOVERN THE MACHINE CONTROLS. SCENE 11. tape 252, 07:10:20-07:10:34 pan from part program being run on display to edm machine tape 232, 04:19:04-04:19:09 c.u. spindle rotating PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTIONS, OR DATA, IN THE FORM OF A PART PROGRAM IS TRANSLATED BY THE MACHINE CONTROL

3 tape 3, 00:08:08-00:08:14 lathe cutting tool moving tape 232, 04:25:42-04:25:47 mill workpiece moving tape 56, 01:02:46-01:02:57 2 cutting tool changes on lathe tape 92, 01:01:47-01:01:58 c.u. cutting fluid starting INTO OUTPUT SIGNALS THAT CONTROL MACHINE FUNCTIONS, SUCH AS: SPINDLE ROTATION..., CUTTING TOOL MOVEMENT..., WORKPIECE MOVEMENT..., TOOL CHANGING..., AND CUTTING FLUID CONTROL. SCENE 12. tape 252, 07:21:37-07:22:00 zoom out, part program being manually edited at machine tape 671, 02:19:12-02:19:20 scrolling through part programs on machine, choosing one to run tape 217, 00:08:54-00:09:15 complex milling operation tape 668, 01:06:32-01:06:47 zoom in, machine/control diagnostics being displayed during machining COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROLS HOLD SEVERAL ADVANTAGES OVER STANDARD NUMERICAL CONTROLS, INCLUDING: PART PROGRAMS CAN BE MANUALLY EDITED ON THE ONBOARD COMPUTER..., PART PROGRAMS CAN BE RUN FROM COMPUTER MEMORY..., WORKPIECES REQUIRING COMPLEX MULTI-AXIS MACHINING CAN BE PRODUCED..., AND MACHINE AND CONTROL DIAGNOSTICS MAY BE RUN, STORED, AND DISPLAYED DURING MACHINING. SCENE 13. tape 217, 00:11:10-00:11:34 part being machined CG, SUPER: Increased Parts Production Flexibility Greater Machining Accuracy More Programming Versatility THESE 'CNC' ADVANTAGES OFFER INCREASED PARTS PRODUCTION FLEXIBILITY, GREATER MACHINING ACCURACY, AND MORE PROGRAMMING VERSATILITY. SCENE 14. tape 666, 01:23:26-01:23:34 pan of manufacturing facility tape 57, 03:22:34-03:22:43 zoom in, turning operation tape 5, 00:13:10-00:13:17 milling operation tape 15, 01:04:29-01:04:34 THE USE OF COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL IS WIDESPREAD IN MANUFACTURING, AND IS USED IN: TURNING...,

4 holemaking operation tape 525, 12:05:59-12:06:04 robotic welding operation tape 252, 07:03:24-07:03:32 wire edm operation tape 310, 01:04:06-01:04:15 abrasive waterjet cutting tape 312, 00:03:30-00:03:36 punch press punching large hole tape 313, 01:23:00-01:23:08 robotic laser cutting MILLING..., HOLEMAKING..., WELDING..., ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING..., ABRASIVE WATERJET CUTTING..., PUNCHING..., LASER CUTTING, AND MANY OTHER OPERATIONS. SCENE 15. tape 668, 01:03:54-01:04:11 part being machined, zoom in, part program running tape 680, 07:06:22-07:06:34 part program being manually programmed tape 681, 08:08:06-08:08:24 part program being programmed using computer-aided system ALL COMPUTER NUMERICALLY CONTROLLED MACHINING BEGINS WITH A PART PROGRAM. A PART PROGRAM CONSISTS OF SEQUENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS, OR CODED COMMANDS, THAT DIRECT THE MACHINING OF THE PART. PART PROGRAMS ARE PRIMARILY GENERATED BY EITHER: MANUAL PROGRAMMING OF COMMANDS..., OR MORE COMMONLY BY THE USE OF COMPUTER-AIDED PART PROGRAMMING SYSTEMS. SCENE 16. tape 667, 00:03:47-00:04:01 machining operation, zoom in to part program running at machine TO UNDERSTAND HOW COMPUTER NUMERICAL PROGRAMMING WORKS FIRST REQUIRES A BASIC UNDERSTANDING OF KEY COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL PRINCIPLES. --- FADE TO BLACK --- SCENE 17. CG: Computer Numerical Control Principles white text centered on black SCENE 18. tape 418, 13:06:32-13:06:48 contour milling operation tape 233, 05:09:50-05:10:05 straight milling THE COMMON FACTOR THAT ALL COMPUTER NUMERICALLY

5 CG, SUPER: Axis CONTROLLED MACHINE TYPES SHARE IS THEIR ABILITY TO ACCURATELY AND REPEATEDLY CONTROL MOTION IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS. EACH OF THESE DIRECTIONS OF MOTION IS KNOWN AS AN AXIS. SCENE 19. tape 418, 13:08:18-13:08:35 horizontal milling machine tape 56, 01:04:16-01:04:26 turning operation tape 194, 13:06:43-13:06:47 milling operation with rotary table CG, SUPER: Linear Axis tape 232, 04:20:39-04:20:54 straight milling operation CG, SUPER: Rotary Axis tape 194, 13:06:04-13:06:09 milling operation using rotary table, slow motion DEPENDING UPON THE MACHINE TYPE, THE NUMBER OF AXES AVAILABLE FOR CONTROL COMMONLY RANGE FROM TWO TO FIVE. ADDITIONALLY, A 'CNC' AXIS CAN BE EITHER A LINEAR AXIS, WITH MOTION OCCURRING ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE..., OR A ROTARY AXIS, WITH MOTION OCCURRING ALONG A CIRCULAR PATH. SCENE 20. tape 677, 05:01:33-05:01:46 wide, turning center, zoom in, machine slide moving tape 677, 05:02:35-05:02:45 zoom in, servo drive motor tape 677, 05:02:49-05:02:58 zoom out, ball screw that transfers the power from the motor to the machine slide tape 680, 07:17:55-07:18:14 wide, lathe and cnc display turning, zoom to turning operation CG, SUPER: Axis Drive System EACH AXIS CONSISTS OF: A MECHANICAL COMPONENT, SUCH AS A MACHINE SLIDE, THAT MOVES..., A SERVO DRIVE MOTOR, TO SUPPLY POWER FOR THE MOVEMENT..., AND A BALL SCREW THAT TRANSFERS THE POWER FROM THE SERVO DRIVE MOTOR TO THE MECHANICAL COMPONENT. THESE COMPONENTS, ALONG WITH THE COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL FUNCTIONS THAT DIRECT THEM, IS CALLED AN AXIS DRIVE SYSTEM. SCENE 21. tape 5, 00:13:27-00:13:39 milling operation tape 56, 01:05:26-01:05:44 turning operation tape 252, 07:05:55-07:06:03 wire edm operation tape 102, 00:03:17-00:03:23 holemaking operation BECAUSE OF THE DIVERSITY OF MACHINE TOOL TYPES AND APPLICATIONS, THIS PROGRAM WILL CONCENTRATE PRIMARILY ON THE BASIC COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL

6 tape 312, 00:05:00-00:05:09 robotic laser cutting tape 677, 05:06:38-05:06:52 zoom in, vertical milling machining center producing part PRINCIPLES OF A VERTICAL MILLING MACHINING CENTER. SCENE 22. tape 671, 02:02:54-02:03:54 zoom out, end of machining operation on vertical milling machining center tape 675, 16:01:10-16:01:20 GRAPHIC: double sided arrow showing 'x' axis CG, SUPER: 'X' Axis tape 675, 16:01:40-16:01:50 GRAPHIC: double sided arrow showing 'y' axis CG, SUPER: 'Y' Axis tape 675, 16:02:10-16:02:20 GRAPHIC: double sided arrow showing 'z' axis CG, SUPER: 'Z' Axis tape 6, 01:09:24-01:09:39 vmc with a rotary table tape 675, 16:02:40-16:02:50 GRAPHIC: double sided arrow showing circular 'a' axis CG, SUPER: 'A' Axis THE VERTICAL MILLING MACHINING CENTER TYPICALLY HAS THREE LINEAR AXES OF MOTION, WITH EACH ASSIGNED AN ALPHABETIC DESIGNATE, OR ADDRESS: THE TABLE'S MOTION SIDE TO SIDE IS CALLED THE 'X' AXIS..., THE TABLE'S MOTION IN AND OUT IS CALLED THE 'Y' AXIS..., AND THE HEAD MOVEMENT UP AND DOWN THE COLUMN IS CALLED THE 'Z' AXIS. IF A ROTARY TABLE IS ADDED ON THE MACHINE TABLE THEN THERE IS A FOURTH, ROTARY AXIS, WHICH IS CALLED THE 'A' AXIS. SCENE 23. tape 677, 05:05:58-05:06:12 wide, vertical machining center, fly out off machine table plane with graphic of rectangular coordinate system graph tape 675, 16:03:40-16:03:50 system graph CG, SUPER: Rectangular Coordinate System THE METHOD OF ACCURATE POSITIONING ALONG EACH AXIS FOR ALL MACHINE TYPES IS ACHIEVED USING THE RECTANGULAR COORDINATE SYSTEM. SCENE 24. continue previous shot tape 675, 16:04:10-16:04:20 system graph, horizontal base line tape 675, 16:04:40-16:04:50 system graph, horizontal base line, 'x' appears CG, SUPER: 'X' Axis ON THE VERTICAL MILLING MACHINING CENTER, THE HORIZONTAL BASE LINE OF THE RECTANGULAR COORDINATE SYSTEM REPRESENTS THE 'X' AXIS..., AND THE VERTICAL BASE LINE REPRESENTS THE 'Y'

7 tape 675, 16:05:10-16:05:20 system graph, vertical base line tape 675, 16:05:40-16:05:50 system graph, vertical base line, 'y' appears CG, SUPER: 'Y' Axis tape 675, 16:06:10-16:06:20 system graph, line appears at right angle perspective CG, SUPER: 'Z' Axis AXIS..., THE 'Z' AXIS IS AT A RIGHT ANGLE PERPENDICULAR TO BOTH THE 'X' AND 'Y' AXES. SCENE 25. tape 675, 16:08:10-16:08:20 system graph tape 675, 16:06:35-16:06:55 system graph, increments appear along the baseline edges tape 675, 16:07:10-16:07:20 system graph, c.u. of english system increments appears over graph CG, SUPER: of a Inch tape 675, 16:07:40-16:07:50 system graph, c.u. of metric system increments appears over graph CG, SUPER: of a Millimeter INCREMENTS FOR ALL BASE LINES ARE SPECIFIED IN LINEAR MEASUREMENT. FOR MOST MACHINES USING THE ENGLISH SYSTEM, THE SMALLEST INCREMENT IS ONE TEN- THOUSANDTH OF AN INCH. FOR MACHINES USING METRIC, THE SMALLEST INCREMENT IS USUALLY ONE THOUSANDTH OF A MILLIMETER. SCENE 26. tape 675, 16:08:40-16:08:50 system graph tape 675, 16:09:10-16:09:20 GRAPHIC: first coordinate appears with text tape 675, 16:09:40-16:09:50 GRAPHIC: second coordinate appears with text tape 675, 16:10:10-16:10:20 GRAPHIC: third coordinate appears with text tape 675, 16:10:40-16:10:50 GRAPHIC: fourth coordinate appears with text tape 675, 16:11:10-16:11:20 GRAPHIC: fifth coordinate appears with text THE RECTANGULAR COORDINATE SYSTEM ALLOWS THE MATHEMATICAL PLOTTING OF POINTS IN SPACE, CALLED COORDINATES, AMONG TWO OR MORE MACHINE AXES. EACH COORDINATE IS AN ACTUAL PHYSICAL LOCATION THAT THE MACHINE IS INSTRUCTED TO MOVE THROUGH. THESE COORDINATES INDICATE THE POSITION OF THE CUTTING TOOL CENTER, AND ARE COLLECTIVELY CALLED THE TOOL PATH.

8 tape 675, 16:11:40-16:11:50 GRAPHIC: sixth coordinate appears with text tape 675, 16:12:10-16:12:20 system graph, with six coordinates, grid appears tape 676, 18:00:40-18:00:50 GRAPHIC: first coordinate, text, 'x' & 'y' positions tape 676, 18:01:10-18:01:20 GRAPHIC: second coordinate, text, 'x' & 'y' positions tape 676, 18:01:40-18:01:50 GRAPHIC: third coordinate, text, 'x' & 'y' positions tape 676, 18:02:10-18:02:20 GRAPHIC: fourth coordinate, text, 'x' & 'y' positions tape 676, 18:02:40-18:02:50 GRAPHIC: fifth coordinate, text, 'x' & 'y' positions tape 676, 18:03:10-18:03:20 GRAPHIC: sixth coordinate, text, 'x' & 'y' positions CG, SUPER: Tool Path SCENE 27. tape 675, 16:15:35-16:15:55 system graph, with six coordinates tape 675, 16:16:05-16:16:25 system graph, with six coordinates, horizontal base line and vertical base line highlight to intersection tape 675, 16:16:35-16:16:55 system graph, with six coordinates, program zero symbol appears in corner CG, SUPER: Program Zero tape 675, 16:17:05-16:17:25 GRAPHIC: c.u., program zero symbol CG, SUPER: Work Zero Part Zero Part Origin tape 675, 16:17:40-16:17:50 GRAPHIC: first coordinate, text, program zero, 'x' & 'y' positions tape 675, 16:18:10-16:18:20 THE LOCATION WHERE THE RECTANGULAR COORDINATE BASE LINES INTERSECT IS CALLED 'PROGRAM ZERO'. IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS 'WORK ZERO', 'PART ZERO', OR THE 'PART ORIGIN'. 'PROGRAM ZERO' IS THE COMMON, OR REFERENCE, POINT FROM WHICH ALL COORDINATES ARE DERIVED.

9 GRAPHIC: second coordinate, text, program zero, 'x' & 'y' positions tape 675, 16:18:40-16:18:50 GRAPHIC: third coordinate, text, program zero, 'x' & 'y' positions tape 675, 16:19:10-16:19:20 GRAPHIC: fourth coordinate, text, program zero, 'x' & 'y' positions tape 675, 16:19:40-16:19:50 GRAPHIC: fifth coordinate, text, program zero, 'x' & 'y' positions tape 675, 16:20:10-16:20:20 GRAPHIC: sixth coordinate, text, program zero, 'x' & 'y' positions SCENE 28. tape 678, 19:01:10-19:01:20 GRAPHIC: part drawing tape 678, 19:01:40-19:01:50 GRAPHIC: part drawing tape 678, 19:02:10-19:02:20 GRAPHIC: part drawing tape 678, 19:02:40-19:02:50 GRAPHIC: part drawing tape 678, 19:03:10-19:03:20 GRAPHIC: part drawing tape 678, 19:03:40-19:03:50 GRAPHIC: part drawing tape 678, 19:04:10-19:04:20 GRAPHIC: part drawing tape 678, 19:04:40-19:04:50 GRAPHIC: part drawing THE PLACEMENT OF 'PROGRAM ZERO' CAN VARY FROM PART TO PART, BUT IS GENERALLY LOCATED AT A PART SURFACE FROM WHICH OTHER COORDINATE DIMENSIONS ARE REFERENCED. SCENE 29. tape 668, 01:07:29-01:07:52 zoom out, machining operation on vmc CG, SUPER: Absolute Mode Incremental Mode THE TWO PROGRAMMING MODES OF SPECIFYING COORDINATES WITHIN THE RECTANGULAR COORDINATE SYSTEM ARE: THE ABSOLUTE MODE, AND THE INCREMENTAL MODE. SCENE 30. CG, SUPER: Absolute Mode tape 676, 17:04:10-17:04:20 system graph with part IN THE ABSOLUTE MODE, THE INPUT VALUES OF ALL

10 tape 676, 17:04:40-17:04:50 GRAPHIC: same graphic, first coordinate, absolute mode text, 'x' & 'y' positions tape 676, 17:05:10-17:05:20 GRAPHIC: same graphic, second coordinate, absolute mode text, 'x' & 'y' positions tape 676, 17:05:40-17:05:50 GRAPHIC: same graphic, third coordinate, absolute mode text, 'x' & 'y' positions tape 676, 17:06:10-17:06:20 GRAPHIC: same graphic, fourth coordinate, absolute mode text, 'x' & 'y' positions PROGRAM COORDINATES, AND THEIR POLARITY, THAT IS WHETHER THE COORDINATES ARE PLUS OR MINUS, ARE SPECIFIED RELATIVE TO THE 'PROGRAM ZERO' POINT. SCENE 31. CG, SUPER: Incremental Mode tape 675, 16:23:10-16:23:20 system graph with part tape 675, 16:23:40-16:23:50 GRAPHIC: same graphic, first coordinate, incremental mode text, 'x' & 'y' positions tape 675, 16:24:10-16:24:20 GRAPHIC: same graphic, second coordinate, incremental mode text, 'x' & 'y' positions tape 675, 16:24:40-16:24:50 GRAPHIC: same graphic, third coordinate, incremental mode text, 'x' & 'y' positions tape 675, 16:25:10-16:25:20 GRAPHIC: same graphic, fourth coordinate, incremental mode text, 'x' & 'y' positions IN THE INCREMENTAL MODE, THE INPUT VALUE OF EACH CURRENT PROGRAM COORDINATE, AND IT'S POLARITY, IS RELATIVE TO THE PREVIOUS PROGRAM COORDINATE POSITION. SCENE 32. tape 675, 16:25:40-16:25:50 system graph with part showing four coordinates tape 675, 16:26:10-16:26:20 GRAPHIC: same graphic, first coordinate, absolute & incremental mode text, 'x' & 'y' positions tape 675, 16:26:40-16:26:50 GRAPHIC: same graphic, second coordinate, absolute & THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE ABSOLUTE MODE AND THE INCREMENTAL MODE ARE APPARENT WHEN COMPARING THE CALCULATIONS USED FOR EACH MODE TO GENERATE THE SAME PART.

11 incremental mode text, 'x' & 'y' positions tape 675, 16:27:10-16:27:20 GRAPHIC: same graphic, third coordinate, absolute & incremental mode text, 'x' & 'y' positions tape 675, 16:27:40-16:27:50 GRAPHIC: same graphic, fourth coordinate, absolute & incremental mode text, 'x' & 'y' positions SCENE 33. tape 675, 16:28:10-16:28:20 system graph with part showing four coordinates with absolute mode and incremental text, nothing tape 675, 16:28:40-16:28:50 system graph with part showing four coordinates with absolute mode text only, nothing OF THE TWO, THE ABSOLUTE MODE IS MORE WIDELY ACCEPTED BY 'CNC' USERS. SCENE 34. tape 680, 07:03:33-07:03:41 zoom in, manual programming, plus value, minus value replaces it tape 680, 07:06:02-07:06:13 zoom in, manual programming, zero baseline values being input ALL 'CNC' CONTROLS ASSUME COORDINATE VALUES TO BE PLUS UNLESS A MINUS SIGN IS SPECIFIED. ADDITIONALLY, IF A COORDINATE FALLS ON A BASELINE, ITS VALUE IS ZERO AND THE COORDINATE HAS NO POLARITY. SCENE 35. tape 676, 17:06:40-17:06:50 GRAPHIC: large program zero, with graduations, nothing tape 676, 17:07:10-17:07:20 GRAPHIC: large program zero, with graduations, quadrant one tape 676, 17:07:40-17:07:50 GRAPHIC: large program zero, with graduations, quadrant two tape 676, 17:08:10-17:08:20 GRAPHIC: large program zero, with graduations, quadrant three THE RECTANGULAR COORDINATE SYSTEM IS SEGMENTED INTO FOUR QUADRANTS TO HELP ESTABLISH A COORDINATE'S POLARITY.

12 tape 676, 17:08:40-17:08:50 GRAPHIC: large program zero, with graduations, quadrant four SCENE 36. tape 676, 17:09:05-17:09:25 CG, SUPER: Quadrant One GRAPHIC: large program zero, quadrants one, showing position of plus 'x' & plus 'y' tape 676, 17:09:35-17:09:55 CG, SUPER: Quadrant Two GRAPHIC: large program zero, quadrants two, showing position of minus 'x' & plus 'y' tape 676, 17:10:05-17:10:25 CG, SUPER: Quadrant Three GRAPHIC: large program zero, quadrants three, showing position of minus 'x' & minus 'y' tape 676, 17:10:35-17:10:55 CG, SUPER: Quadrant Four GRAPHIC: large program zero, quadrants four, showing position of plus 'x' & minus 'y' QUADRANT ONE REPRESENTS THE PLUS 'X' AND PLUS 'Y' COORDINATE POSITION..., QUADRANT TWO REPRESENTS THE MINUS 'X' AND PLUS 'Y' COORDINATE POSITION..., QUADRANT THREE REPRESENTS THE MINUS 'X' AND MINUS 'Y' COORDINATE POSITION..., AND QUADRANT FOUR REPRESENTS THE PLUS 'X' AND MINUS 'Y' COORDINATE POSITION. SCENE 37. tape 676, 17:11:05-17:11:25 GRAPHIC: large program zero, with all four quadrant polarities,, shrinks down to center of bolt circle drawing tape 676, 17:11:40-17:11:50 nothing tape 676, 17:12:10-17:12:20 hole one, text tape 676, 17:12:40-17:12:50 hole two, text tape 676, 17:13:10-17:13:20 hole three, text tape 676, 17:13:40-17:13:50 hole four, text tape 676, 17:14:10-17:14:20 TO BETTER ILLUSTRATE A COORDINATE'S POLARITY WITHIN THE RECTANGULAR COORDINATE SYSTEM, LET'S ASSIGN THE CENTER OF THIS BOLT CIRCLE AS 'PROGRAM ZERO' AND EXAMINE THE POSITION OF THE BOLT CIRCLE'S EIGHT COORDINATES RELATIVE TO 'PROGRAM ZERO'.

13 hole five, text tape 676, 17:14:40-17:14:50 hole six, text tape 676, 17:15:10-17:15:20 hole seven, text tape 676, 17:15:40-17:15:50 hole eight, text tape 676, 17:16:10-17:16:20 program zero SCENE 38. tape 676, 17:16:35-17:16:55 coordinates in quadrant one, showing values of plus 'x' & plus 'y' tape 676, 17:17:05-17:17:25 coordinates in quadrant two, showing values of minus 'x' & plus 'y' tape 676, 17:17:35-17:17:55 coordinates in quadrant three, showing values of minus 'x' & minus 'y' tape 676, 17:18:05-17:18:25 coordinates in quadrant four, showing values of plus 'x' & minus 'y' THE COORDINATES IN QUADRANT ONE ALL HAVE PLUS 'X' AND PLUS 'Y' POSITIONS..., THE COORDINATES IN QUADRANT TWO ALL HAVE MINUS 'X' AND PLUS 'Y' POSITIONS..., THE COORDINATES IN QUADRANT THREE ALL HAVE MINUS 'X' AND MINUS 'Y' POSITIONS..., AND THE COORDINATES IN QUADRANT FOUR ALL HAVE PLUS 'X' AND MINUS 'Y' POSITIONS. SCENE 39. tape 682, 09:10:42-09:10:56 zoom out, programming of part program AN AWARENESS OF THESE BASIC COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL MOTION PRINCIPLES IS ESSENTIAL IN THE GENERATION OF PART PROGRAMS. --- FADE TO BLACK --- SCENE 40. CG: Computer Numerical Control Programming white text centered on black SCENE 41. tape 667, 00:18:52-00:19:04 c.u. machining operation

14 tape 667, 00:18:17-00:18:28 wide, machining operation and control display FOR ANY COMPUTER NUMERICALLY CONTROLLED MACHINE TO FUNCTION, IT MUST BE INSTRUCTED ON WHAT TO DO. INSTRUCTIONS ARE PROVIDED TO THE MACHINE CONTROL IN THE FORM OF PART PROGRAM COMMANDS. SCENE 42. tape 667, 00:15:13-00:15:27 zoom out from previous shot's program display screen zoom in, display with part program running at machine as part is being machined tape 677, 05:11:01-05:11:13 zoom in, part program running WHEN RUN, A PART PROGRAM IS INTERPRETED ONE COMMAND AT A TIME, SEQUENTIALLY. THE MACHINE CONTROL RECEIVES THE FIRST COMMAND AND EXECUTES IT. IT THEN RECEIVES THE NEXT COMMAND AND EXECUTES IT. THE CONTROL CONTINUES EXECUTING PROGRAM COMMANDS SUCCESSIVELY UNTIL COMPLETION. SCENE 43. continue previous shot CG, SUPER: Program Commands tape 678, 19:05:10-19:05:20 GRAPHIC: program command line CG, SUPER: Words tape 678, 19:05:40-19:05:50 GRAPHIC: program command line, first word tape 678, 19:06:10-19:06:20 GRAPHIC: program command line, second word tape 678, 19:06:40-19:06:50 GRAPHIC: program command line, third word tape 678, 19:07:10-19:07:20 GRAPHIC: program command line, letter addresses tape 678, 19:07:40-19:07:50 GRAPHIC: program command line, numerical values PART PROGRAM COMMANDS, WHICH ARE ALSO REFERRED TO AS BLOCKS, ARE COMPOSED OF WORDS..., THESE WORDS ALL BEGIN WITH A LETTER ADDRESS, AND END WITH A NUMERICAL VALUE. SCENE 44. tape 680, 07:01:39-07:01:59 zoom in, manual programming CG, SUPER: 'G' 'M' EACH LETTER ADDRESS SPECIFIES A CERTAIN FUNCTION THAT THE MACHINE CONTROL WILL PERFORM. TWO OF THE MOST IMPORTANT LETTER ADDRESSES ARE: 'G',

15 AND 'M'. SCENE 45. CG, SUPER: 'G' tape 679, 06:21:23-06:21:49 c.u., pan 'g' words in part program CG, SUPER: Absolute Mode vs. Incremental Mode Inch Mode vs. Metric Mode THE LETTER 'G', ALONG WITH ITS NUMERICAL VALUE, SPECIFIES PREPARATORY FUNCTIONS. THIS ALLOWS VARIOUS MODES TO BE SET TO PREPARE THE MACHINE. FUNCTIONS SUCH AS INCH MODE VERSUS METRIC MODE, OR ABSOLUTE MODE VERSUS INCREMENTAL MODE ARE SPECIFIED USING A WORD WITH A 'G' LETTER ADDRESS. SCENE 46. CG, SUPER: 'M' tape 679, 06:22:22-06:22:36 c.u., 'm' word, zoom out tape 679, 06:10:49-06:10:58 coolant off, turning on for machining tape 679, 06:07:32-06:07:39 tool changing operation tape 679, 06:08:57-06:09:04 machine spindle on, then turning off THE LETTER 'M', ALONG WITH ITS NUMERICAL VALUE, SPECIFIES MANY MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS. 'M' WORDS WORK MUCH LIKE PROGRAMMABLE ON-OFF SWITCHES FOR SUCH THINGS AS COOLANT..., TOOL CHANGING..., AND MACHINE SPINDLE ROTATION. SCENE 47. tape 680, 07:14:43-07:14:48 zoom in, manual programming CG, SUPER: 'N' tape 671, 02:17:10-02:17:26 pan down of computer screen, letter 'n' words in sequence CG, SUPER: 'X' tape 679, 06:25:09-06:25:13 zoom in, letter 'x' word on computer screen tape 679, 06:16:05-06:16:14 machine table moving along 'x' axis only CG, SUPER: 'Y' tape 679, 06:25:53-06:25:58 zoom in, letter 'y' word on computer screen tape 679, 06:18:05-06:18:14 machine table moving along 'y' axis only CG, SUPER: 'Z' tape 679, 06:27:03-06:27:08 zoom in, letter 'z' word on computer screen SOME OTHER COMMON LETTER ADDRESSES INCLUDE: THE LETTER 'N', WHICH IS USED TO SPECIFY A SEQUENCE NUMBER TO IDENTIFY EACH COMMAND LINE WITHIN A PROGRAM..., THE LETTER 'X'..., WHICH DESIGNATES MOVEMENT ALONG THE 'X' AXIS..., THE LETTER 'Y'..., WHICH DESIGNATES MOVEMENT ALONG THE 'Y' AXIS..., THE LETTER 'Z'..., WHICH DESIGNATES MOVEMENT ALONG THE 'Z' AXIS..., THE LETTER 'S'...,

16 tape 679, 06:17:08-06:17:17 ram moving down along 'z' axis only CG, SUPER: 'S' tape 679, 06:28:07-06:28:12 c.u. letter 's' word on computer screen tape 679, 06:09:41-06:09:50 c.u. spindle spinning, milling operation CG, SUPER: 'F' tape 680, 07:02:18-07:02:24 c.u. letter 'f' word on computer screen tape 679, 06:15:00-06:15:09 table traversing in milling operation WHICH SPECIFIES SPINDLE SPEED IN REVOLUTIONS PER MINUTE..., AND THE LETTER 'F'..., WHICH SPECIFIES FEED RATE IN EITHER INCHES, OR MILLIMETERS, PER MINUTE. SCENE 48. tape 683, 10:02:39-10:02:59 slow zoom in to programming CG, SUPER: Positioning Control Compensations Special Features TO OBTAIN OPTIMUM END RESULTS WHEN PROGRAMMING A MACHINING OPERATION REQUIRES A FAMILIARITY WITH CERTAIN PROGRAMMABLE COMMAND PARAMETERS, INCLUDING: POSITIONING CONTROL, COMPENSATIONS, AND SPECIAL FEATURES. SCENE 49. CG, SUPER: Positioning Control tape 667, 00:28:01-00:08:16 cutting tool moving, machining along surface CG, SUPER: Point-To-Point Positioning tape 679, 06:01:25-06:01:31 machining using point-to-point positioning CG, SUPER: Contouring tape 681, 08:04:02-08:04:09 machining using contouring POSITIONING CONTROL IS THE ABILITY TO PROGRAM CUTTING TOOL AND MACHINE SLIDE MOVEMENT TO PREDETERMINED POSITIONS ALONG TWO OR MORE AXES SIMULTANEOUSLY. THE TWO BASIC TYPES OF POSITIONING CONTROL ARE: POINT-TO-POINT POSITIONING..., AND CONTOURING. SCENE 50. CG, SUPER: Point-To-Point Positioning tape 672, 03:01:15-03:01:24 zoom in, point-to-point POINT-TO-POINT POSITIONING INVOLVES PROGRAMMING

17 positioning on display tape 672, 03:26:45-03:27:07 point-to-point positioning during holemaking operation INSTRUCTIONS THAT IDENTIFY SEQUENTIALLY ONLY THE MACHINING POSITIONS REQUIRED. THE MACHINE MOVES RAPIDLY INTO POSITION POINT-TO-POINT BY MOVEMENT IN ONE OR MORE AXES. SCENE 51. continue previous shot POINT-TO-POINT POSITIONING REFERS ONLY TO THE RAPID POSITIONING PRIOR TO A MACHINING OPERATION, AND NOT THE MACHINING ITSELF, AND IS USED TO MINIMIZE CYCLE TIME BETWEEN CUTS. SCENE 52. CG, SUPER: Contouring tape 667, 00:20:16-00:20:39 contouring operation CG, SUPER: Continuous Path Machining CG, SUPER: Interpolation tape 668, 01:08:49-01:09:00 pan, display with contour coordinate points interpolated to contouring operation IN CONTOURING, WHICH IS ALSO REFERRED TO AS CONTINUOUS PATH MACHINING, CUTTING OPERATIONS ARE PERFORMED ALONG CONTROLLED PATHS. MOVEMENT ALONG THESE PATHS IS KNOWN AS INTERPOLATION, WHICH IS THE PROCESS OF CALCULATING THE INTERMEDIATE VALUES BETWEEN POINTS ALONG A PROGRAMMED PATH AND OUTPUTTING THOSE VALUES AS A PRECISE MOTION. SCENE 53. tape 683, 10:18:20-10:18:31 linear machining operation CG, SUPER: Linear Interpolation tape 679, 06:04:28-06:04:33 circular machining operation CG, SUPER: Circular Interpolation THE TWO BASIC TYPES OF INTERPOLATION ARE: LINEAR INTERPOLATION..., AND CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION. SCENE 54. CG, SUPER: Linear Interpolation tape 680, 07:12:24-07:13:06 machining operation that performs both linear and circular interpolation LINEAR INTERPOLATION IS PROGRAMMED MOVEMENT ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE. LINEAR INTERPOLATION HAS ONLY A START POINT AND AN END POINT FOR THE MOTION AND INCORPORATES TWO OR MORE AXES.

18 SCENE 55. CG, SUPER: Circular Interpolation continue previous shot CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION IS USED TO MACHINE ALONG A CIRCULAR PATH, ALLOWING A RADIUS TO BE MACHINED. THE INPUT REQUIRED FOR THE CIRCULAR PATH INCLUDES THE COORDINATES FOR THE END POINT, THE COORDINATES FOR THE CENTER OF THE DESIRED CIRCLE OR ITS RADIUS, AND THE DIRECTION OF THE CUTTING TOOL MOTION ALONG THE ARC. --- TOUCH BLACK --- SCENE 56. CG, SUPER: Compensations tape 217, 00:04:26-00:04:34 machining of part using drill tape 217, 00:05:20-00:05:28 machining of same part using endmill tape 217, 00:05:39-00:05:47 machining of same part using facemill CG, SUPER: Tool Length Compensation Cutter Radius Compensation COMPENSATIONS ARE USED TO OFF-SET, OR COMPENSATE, FOR TOOLING-RELATED VARIATIONS WITHIN A PART PROGRAM. TWO OF THE MOST IMPORTANT COMPENSATION TYPES FOR MACHINING CENTERS INCLUDE: TOOL LENGTH COMPENSATION, AND CUTTER RADIUS COMPENSATION. SCENE 57. tape 671, 02:10:39-02:10:47 tools scrolling through to tool change-over CG, SUPER: Tool Length Compensation tape 676, 18:03:40-18:03:50 GRAPHIC: two tools of differing lengths tape 676, 18:04:10-18:04:20 GRAPHIC: two tools of differing lengths, arrows indicating lengths tape 676, 18:04:40-18:04:50 GRAPHIC: two tools, tool length compensation used to adjust for length differences tape 676, 18:05:10-18:05:20 GRAPHIC: two tools, tool length compensation used to adjust for length differences, arrows MOST MACHINING OPERATIONS INVOLVE THE USE OF MULTIPLE TOOLS OF VARIOUS LENGTHS. FOR THIS REASON TOOL LENGTH COMPENSATION IS UTILIZED TO ADJUST FOR TOOL LENGTH VARIATIONS.

19 indicating change to same length SCENE 58. tape 668, 01:18:13-01:18:17 tool being positioned for measurement tape 668, 01:18:28-01:18:36 tool length being measured, entered into computer tape 668, 01:12:14-01:12:23 zoom out, tool being used on mill CUTTING TOOLS ARE FIRST MEASURED..., THE MACHINING PROGRAM IS THEN INSTRUCTED TO REFER TO THE VARIOUS TOOL LENGTH VALUES AND COMPENSATE ACCORDINGLY FOR EACH TOOL S LENGTH ALONG THE 'Z' AXIS. SCENE 59. CG, SUPER: Cutter Radius/ Diameter Compensation tape 678, 19:08:10-19:08:20 GRAPHIC: tapered endmill cutter in spindle tape 678, 19:08:40-19:08:50 GRAPHIC: large endmill cutter in spindle tape 678, 19:09:10-19:09:20 GRAPHIC: medium endmill cutter in spindle tape 678, 19:09:40-19:09:50 GRAPHIC: large roughing endmill cutter in spindle tape 678, 19:10:10-19:10:20 GRAPHIC: large roughing endmill cutter in spindle, center line appears tape 678, 19:10:40-19:10:50 GRAPHIC: large roughing endmill cutter in spindle, arrow and edge line appears tape 681, 08:22:24-08:22:29 cutter diameter being indicated during setup tape 681, 08:22:50-08:22:54 cutter diameter being indicated during setup tape 671, 02:11:52-02:12:06 milling operation with the cutter milling on the periphery of the cutter CUTTER RADIUS, OR DIAMETER, COMPENSATION IS USED TO COMPENSATE FOR THE VARIOUS MILLING CUTTER BODY DIAMETERS, AND IS ALWAYS READ FROM THE CENTER LINE OF THE CUTTING TOOL. CUTTER DIAMETER VALUES ARE INPUT DURING SETUP AND THE CNC CONTROL MODIFIES THE PROGRAMMED PATH BASED ON THE CUTTERS ACTUAL SIZE. CUTTER RADIUS COMPENSATION IS ONLY USED FOR MILLING CUTTERS WHEN MILLING ON THE PERIPHERY OF THE CUTTER. --- TOUCH BLACK --- SCENE 60. CG, SUPER: Special Features tape 672, 03:18:21-03:18:33 zoom in, special feature being manually programmed SPECIAL FEATURES ARE DESIGNED TO MINIMIZE COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL PROGRAMMING ERRORS BY

20 SIMPLIFYING AND SHORTENING PROGRAMS. SCENE 61. tape 679, 06:02:23-06:02:38 canned holemaking cycle A COMMON TYPE OF SPECIAL FEATURE IS THE CANNED CYCLE. A CANNED CYCLE ALLOWS NUMEROUS INSTRUCTIONS TO BE PROGRAMMED, SAVED, AND THEN INPUT INTO A PART PROGRAM USING ONLY A SINGLE COMMAND. SCENE 62. tape 102, 00:04:09-00:04:22 2 shots, holemaking operation tape 22, 01:02:12-01:02:18 c.u. tapping on drill & tap center HOLEMAKING IS OFTEN PERFORMED USING CANNED CYCLES. ONCE THE INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE FIRST HOLE ARE PROGRAMMED, ANY REMAINING HOLES CAN BE MACHINED USING THE SAME INSTRUCTIONS SIMPLY BY LISTING THEIR COORDINATES. SCENE 63. tape 102, 00:03:17-00:03:30 2 shots, short hole drilling zoom in drilling operation tape 79, 02:26:23-02:26:52 reaming operation tape 179, 00:02:41-00:03:03 tapping head operation tape 92, 01:06:47-01:06:55 boring operation ALL TYPES OF HOLEMAKING AND SECONDARY OPERATIONS CAN BE PERFORMED USING CANNED CYCLES, INCLUDING: DRILLING..., REAMING..., TAPPING..., AND BORING. SCENE 64. tape 187, 00:09:40-00:10:06 2 shots, wide machining parts, c.u. machining same parts CG, SUPER: Axis Rotation Mirror Image Single Direction Positioning MANY 'CNC' CONTROLS ALSO HAVE SPECIAL FEATURES DESIGNED TO EASILY MANIPULATE PROGRAMMED MOTION COMMANDS. THESE MOTION COMMANDS INCLUDE: AXIS ROTATION, MIRROR IMAGE, AND SINGLE DIRECTION POSITIONING. --- TOUCH BLACK ---

21 SCENE 65. tape 672, 03:10:28-03:10:36 computer-aided design being worked on tape 672, 03:11:58-03:12:05 computer-aided design being worked on THE INTEGRATION OF FAST, AFFORDABLE COMPUTERS AND SOFTWARE IN COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROLS PROGRAMMING HAS AUTOMATED MANY OF THE TIME INTENSIVE, COMPLEX TASKS THAT WERE TRADITIONALLY PERFORMED MANUALLY. SCENE 66. tape 668, 01:28:12-01:28:22 cad/cam system with part, dissolve to next shot tape 668, 01:28:25-01:28:31 cad/cam system with part CG, SUPER: Computer-Aided Design Computer-Aided Manufacturing THE SYSTEMS THAT IMPACT COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROLS PROGRAMMING THE MOST INCLUDE: COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN, AND COMPUTER-AIDED MANUFACTURING. SCENE 67. CG, SUPER: Computer-Aided Design tape 670, 02:12:43-02:12:58 computer-aided design software used to produce part tape 681, 08:19:49-08:19:57 wire-frame representation of part tape 681, 08:09:16-08:09:23 surface model representation of part tape 669, 01:30:46-01:30:59 solid model representation of part A COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OR 'CAD' SYSTEM INVOLVES THE USE OF COMPUTERS TO GRAPHICALLY CREATE GEOMETRIC PRODUCT DESIGNS AND MODELS. THESE MODELS CAN BE PRESENTED IN THREE MANNERS: AS A LINE, OR WIRE-FRAME, REPRESENTATION, WHERE ALL PART EDGES ARE VISIBLE AS SOLID LINES..., OR AS A SURFACE MODEL, WHERE ALL VISIBLE SURFACES ARE PRESENT IN THE MODEL..., OR AS A SOLID MODEL, WHERE THE MODEL DATA DESCRIBES THE PART'S INTERIOR VOLUME, AS WELL AS, THE PART SURFACES. SCENE 68. tape 397, 01:03:15-01:03:22 computer-aided design of part tape 397, 01:05:08-01:05:12 part design subjected to engineering analysis tape 397, 01:08:29-01:08:43 part design subjected to second COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN IS EXTREMELY USEFUL IN GENERATING MULTIPLE VARIATIONS AND REVISIONS OF PART DESIGNS. THESE DESIGNS CAN THEN BE SUBJECTED

22 engineering analysis TO A VARIETY OF ENGINEERING ANALYSIS FOR OPTIMIZATION. SCENE 69. continue previous shot tape 682, 09:02:18-09:02:26 cad design being exported to cam system CG, SUPER: Computer-Aided Manufacturing ONCE A PART DESIGN HAS BEEN REVIEWED, TESTED, AND APPROVED, THE 'CAD' INFORMATION IS TRANSLATED AND THEN EXPORTED TO A COMPUTER-AIDED MANUFACTURING, OR 'CAM' APPLICATION. SCENE 70. tape 682, 09:02:32-09:02:37 simulation of previous wireframe design tape 670, 02:23:10-02:23:15 cam system being used to generate cutter path, dissolve to next shot tape 670, 02:23:36-02:23:44 cam system being used to generate cutter path, dissolve to next shot tape 670, 02:23:54-02:24:08 cam system being used to generate cutter path CG, SUPER: Process Planning Production Planning Machining Scheduling Management Quality Control COMPUTER-AIDED MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS ASSIST IN ALL PHASES OF MANUFACTURING A PRODUCT, INCLUDING PROCESS PLANNING, PRODUCTION PLANNING, MACHINING, SCHEDULING, MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY CONTROL. BECAUSE OF THEIR COLLECTIVE BENEFITS, COMPUTER- AIDED DESIGN AND COMPUTER-AIDED MANUFACTURING ARE OFTEN COMBINED INTO A 'CAD/CAM' SYSTEM. SCENE 71. tape 672, 03:21:27-03:21:48 cad/cam part on screen tape 672, 03:24:47-03:25:00 same part being machined PROBABLY THE MOST IMPORTANT ASPECT OF A 'CAD/CAM' SYSTEM IS ITS CAPABILITY OF USING DESIGN DATA TO CREATE AND OPTIMIZE THE TOOL PATH FOR MACHINING. --- FADE TO BLACK --- SCENE 72. CG: Review white text on black tape 63, 12:00:15-12:03:49 review music MUSIC UP AND UNDER LET S REVIEW THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS VIDEOTAPE.

23 SCENE 73. tape 667, 00:15:13-00:15:27 zoom out from program display screen COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROLS TRANSLATE SEQUENTIAL PART PROGRAM INSTRUCTIONS, OR DATA, INTO OUTPUT SIGNALS THAT GOVERN MACHINE FUNCTIONS. SCENE 74. tape 418, 13:06:32-13:06:48 contour milling operation tape 233, 05:09:50-05:10:05 straight milling CG, SUPER: Axis THE COMMON FACTOR THAT ALL COMPUTER NUMERICALLY CONTROLLED MACHINE TYPES SHARE IS THEIR ABILITY TO ACCURATELY AND REPEATEDLY CONTROL MOTION IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS. EACH OF THESE DIRECTIONS OF MOTION IS KNOWN AS AN AXIS. SCENE 75. tape 677, 05:05:58-05:06:12 wide, vertical machining center, fly out off machine table plane with graphic of rectangular coordinate system graph tape 675, 16:03:40-16:03:50 system graph CG, SUPER: Rectangular Coordinate System THE METHOD OF ACCURATE POSITIONING ALONG EACH AXIS FOR ALL MACHINE TYPES IS ACHIEVED USING THE RECTANGULAR COORDINATE SYSTEM. SCENE 76. tape 675, 16:08:40-16:08:50 system graph tape 675, 16:09:10-16:09:20 GRAPHIC: first coordinate appears with text tape 675, 16:09:40-16:09:50 GRAPHIC: second coordinate appears with text tape 675, 16:10:10-16:10:20 GRAPHIC: third coordinate appears with text tape 675, 16:10:40-16:10:50 GRAPHIC: fourth coordinate appears with text tape 675, 16:11:10-16:11:20 GRAPHIC: fifth coordinate appears with text tape 675, 16:11:40-16:11:50 GRAPHIC: sixth coordinate appears with text THE RECTANGULAR COORDINATE SYSTEM ALLOWS THE MATHEMATICAL PLOTTING OF POINTS IN SPACE CALLED COORDINATES, AMONG TWO OR MORE MACHINE AXES. EACH COORDINATE IS AN ACTUAL PHYSICAL LOCATION THAT THE MACHINE IS INSTRUCTED TO MOVE THROUGH. THESE COORDINATES INDICATE THE POSITION OF THE CUTTING TOOL CENTER, AND ARE COLLECTIVELY CALLED THE TOOL PATH.

24 tape 675, 16:12:10-16:12:20 system graph, with six coordinates, grid appears tape 676, 18:00:40-18:00:50 GRAPHIC: first coordinate, text, 'x' & 'y' positions tape 676, 18:01:10-18:01:20 GRAPHIC: second coordinate, text, 'x' & 'y' positions tape 676, 18:01:40-18:01:50 GRAPHIC: third coordinate, text, 'x' & 'y' positions tape 676, 18:02:10-18:02:20 GRAPHIC: fourth coordinate, text, 'x' & 'y' positions tape 676, 18:02:40-18:02:50 GRAPHIC: fifth coordinate, text, 'x' & 'y' positions tape 676, 18:03:10-18:03:20 GRAPHIC: sixth coordinate, text, 'x' & 'y' positions CG, SUPER: Tool Path SCENE 77. tape 675, 16:15:35-16:15:55 system graph, with six coordinates tape 675, 16:16:05-16:16:25 system graph, with six coordinates, horizontal base line and vertical base line highlight to intersection tape 675, 16:16:35-16:16:55 system graph, with six coordinates, program zero symbol appears in corner tape 675, 16:17:40-16:17:50 GRAPHIC: first coordinate, text, program zero, 'x' & 'y' positions tape 675, 16:18:10-16:18:20 GRAPHIC: second coordinate, text, program zero, 'x' & 'y' positions tape 675, 16:18:40-16:18:50 GRAPHIC: third coordinate, text, program zero, 'x' & 'y' positions tape 675, 16:19:10-16:19:20 GRAPHIC: fourth coordinate, text, program zero, 'x' & 'y' THE LOCATION WHERE THE RECTANGULAR COORDINATE BASE LINES INTERSECT IS CALLED 'PROGRAM ZERO', WHICH IS A COMMON, OR REFERENCE, POINT FROM WHICH ALL COORDINATES ARE DERIVED.

25 positions tape 675, 16:19:40-16:19:50 GRAPHIC: fifth coordinate, text, program zero, 'x' & 'y' positions tape 675, 16:20:10-16:20:20 GRAPHIC: sixth coordinate, text, program zero, 'x' & 'y' positions SCENE 78. tape 667, 00:18:52-00:19:04 c.u. machining operation tape 667, 00:18:17-00:18:28 wide, machining operation and control display FOR ANY COMPUTER NUMERICALLY CONTROLLED MACHINE TO FUNCTION, IT MUST BE INSTRUCTED ON WHAT TO DO USING A PART PROGRAM. SCENE 79. tape 677, 05:11:01-05:11:13 zoom in, part program running continue previous shot CG, SUPER: Program Commands/ Blocks tape 678, 19:05:10-19:05:20 GRAPHIC: program command line CG, SUPER: Words tape 678, 19:05:40-19:05:50 GRAPHIC: program command line, first word tape 678, 19:06:10-19:06:20 GRAPHIC: program command line, second word tape 678, 19:06:40-19:06:50 GRAPHIC: program command line, third word tape 678, 19:07:10-19:07:20 GRAPHIC: program command line, letter addresses tape 678, 19:07:40-19:07:50 GRAPHIC: program command line, numerical values PART PROGRAMS ARE PRODUCED USING COMMANDS, OR BLOCKS, THAT ARE COMPOSED OF WORDS..., THESE WORDS ALL BEGIN WITH A LETTER ADDRESS..., AND END WITH A NUMERICAL VALUE. SCENE 80. tape 680, 07:06:22-07:06:34 part program being manually programmed tape 670, 02:12:43-02:12:58 computer-aided design software used to produce part CG, SUPER: Computer-Aided Design tape 672, 03:21:27-03:21:48 part being machined CG, SUPER: Computer-Aided Manufacturing PART PROGRAMS ARE PRIMARILY GENERATED BY EITHER: MANUAL PROGRAMMING OF COMMANDS..., OR MORE COMMONLY BY THE USE OF COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN..., AND COMPUTER-AIDED MANUFACTURING PROGRAMMING

26 SYSTEMS. --- FADE TO BLACK --- SCENE 81. CG, ROLL: credits white text on black, fade up mid-screen Produced By: The Society Of Manufacturing Engineers Executive Producer: Steven R. Bollinger Producer/Director/Cameraman: Jerome T. Cook Written By: Mike Lynch, CNC Concepts Graphics By: Jerome T. Cook John Palmieri Dennis Summers, Quantum Dance Works Equipment Access Provided By: Atlas Tool, Inc. Macomb Community College Tool Dex, Inc. Washtenaw Community College Video Footage Provided By: Henry Ford Museum & Greenfield Village Technical & Editorial Consulting: Roger Dick, Washtenaw Community College Mark W. Saglimbene, Macomb Community College Production Assistance Provided By:

27 Aimee Longato Lance Rosol Deanna Woody Video Editing: Communicore SCENE 82. CG: disclaimer white text centered on black Some machinery in this program had safety equipment removed to allow better recording of certain processes. Always read the safety information provided in the manufacturers' manual before machine operation. SCENE 83. tape 40, 01:00:00-01:00:12 SME logo, with music CG, SUPER: