Wide Area Surveillance and Counter Nacro-Terrorism Operations

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1 Wide Area Surveillance and Counter Nacro-Terrorism Operations Dr Ross McNutt March 6, 2012

2 Persistent Surveillance Systems Wide Area Surveillance Persistent Surveillance Systems Counter Narco-Terrorism Operations System Enhancements Barriers to Enhanced Operations

3 Wide Area Surveillance Image 88 megapixels 1Hz downlinked Cincinnati 12 Sept 07 Football players practicing

4 Persistent Surveillance Systems Wide Area Airborne Surveillance Systems Wide Area Ground Based Surveillance System Integrated Command and Analysis Centers Commercially Available Services and Systems

5 Hawkeye Wide-Area Airborne Persistent Surveillance System 192 Megapixel Airborne Surveillance System Affordable aircraft operations 6 to 10 hours time on station 5 x 5 miles coverage Vehicles and People 6 x 6 mile coverage - Vehicles Live georectification Full area live downlink Mobile Command Center

6 Persistent Surveillance Systems System Description Wide area, long duration, city-sized surveillance system Based on a 192 megapixel camera system One image per second (time-stamped) Orthorectified and stabilized map like view Comparison to military AWACS Town-sized images with sufficient resolution to allow tracking vehicles and people 5 miles x 5 miles allowing tracking of people 6 miles x 6 miles allowing tracking of vehicles Recorded and down linked to allow both forensic and real-time operations Aircraft based system capable of providing continuous observations up to 10 hours per day (with aux fuel tanks).

7 Persistent Surveillance Systems Cirrus Surveillance System

8 Persistent Surveillance Systems Samples of Pixels Typical Security Camera 320 x MP Standard TV 640 x MP HD TV 720P 1280 x MP HD x MP Digital Cinema 2K 2048 x MP Imax Digital Cinema 4k 4096 x MP PSS Hawkeye PSS Hawkeye II NightHawk (Export Restricted) Vision RL Ground Based System 99 MP 192 MP 88 MP E/O MP MWIR 128 MP

Staring and Survey Modes Persistent Stare and Long Range Coverage Persistent Coverage over and Area -- Used for high activity areas -- Constant Coverage over large area -- Detect and Track Movement

9 Staring and Survey Modes Persistent Stare and Long Range Coverage Persistent Coverage over and Area -- Used for high activity areas -- Constant Coverage over large area -- Detect and Track Movement Within Area -- Real Time Constant Download Long Range Periodic Coverage -- Used for Long areas of interest -- Multiple real time images allow for image to image change detection to auto detect movement within the area -- Pass by pass detection can highlight changes that occur between over flights -- Periodic Downlink when within range

10 Persistent Surveillance Systems Conducting Live Operations since 2008 Sample of Operations NASCAR BrickYard 400 Indianapolis Motor Speedway North Philadelphia Philadelphia Police Department Baltimore Police Department NASCAR Race Cola Cola 600 Charlotte Motor Speedway Iowa Floods Dayton Police Department Sarah Palin VP Candidate Announcement Ft Leonard Wood Juarez Mexico Private Kidnapping El Paso Border Surveillance DEA Gulf Oil Spill Mexicali Mexico Torreon Mexico Compton California LA Sheriffs Office Nogales Arizona Border Security Operations

11 Compton Coverage HawkEye II 192 MegaPixels 3 Color HawkEye I 88 MegaPixels Night Hawk 88 Megapixel EO 16 /64 megapixel MWIR

12 Operation Overview Persistent Surveillance Systems Operation Overview

13 Persistent Surveillance Systems HawkEye II System Status Airborne Systems Aircraft, Camera System, Image Processor, Data Links, SkyServer Air to Ground Data Links 300 mb/sec Relay Data Link mb/sec Compton Court House Fiber Link Command Operations Trailer Compton Server 4 user stations Conf / Analysis Room 2 User Stations PSS Command Center 1 User Station Relay Data Link Aero Bureau Analysis Center AeroServer 5 user stations Holiday Inn Long Beach

14 Persistent Surveillance Systems Command Vehicle Aero Conf Room Compton Conf Room

15 Persistent Surveillance Systems PSS Target Markets Major City Police Departments St Louis, Baltimore, Philadelphia, Dayton, Phoenix International Customers Key is Affordable System and Service System - Entire system cost less then a police helicopter without surveillance equipment Service - Cost of full service, including analysis, is about the cost of operating a police helicopter per hour.

16 Persistent Surveillance Systems Counter Narco Terrorism Operations

17 Murder Locations 27 Feb

18 Murder Shot at 13:40:42-27 Feb 2010 Victim Car Accomplice? Shooter running toward victim car Murder Car

19 Murder Shot at 13:56:16 Shot of actual shooter, victim and getaway car Accomplice car 2 (left) also shown waiting around the corner meets with Murderers prior Returns to participate in investigation then returns to police station

20 Persistent Surveillance Systems Area Coverage (With 3 month murder overlay)

21 Many more events in data collected but we have not analyzed We witnessed many more crimes than could be analyzed with available staff Persistent Surveillance Systems Murders Observed and Investigated in One Limited Operation 26 Aug 13:10 - Execution of Police Woman 26 Aug 13:45 - Cartel on Cartel Murder 31 Aug Armed Robbery 1 Sept 15:20 - Body Dumping by Bridge 9 Sept 14:09 - Attempted Execution 9 Sept 14:55 - Execution of City Official 20 Sept 13:05 - Murder 24 Sept 16:15 - Execution on Street 25 Sept 14:22 - Execution on Street 29 Sept 14:47 - Murder 1 Oct 13:47 - Execution on Street 2 Oct 17:15 Murder 10 Oct Murder 15 Oct 14:22 - Murder 16 Oct 14:48 - Murder 21 Oct 11:56 - Double Murder 22 Oct 15:22 - Murder in Mall Parking Lot

22 Example Murder #2 on 26 Aug 09 at 13:42 Report Number XXXXXX Case Number XXXXXX

23 Wide Area Surveillance Murder 2 13:47 Murder 1 13:10 88 Megapixels/sec -- up to 16 square miles coverage

24 Murder 2 Video -Car 1 Tracked

25 Images of the Murder

26 Images of the Murder

27 Images of the Murder

28 3 Cars Directly Involved in Murder Murder Car 3 Murder Car 2 Murder Car 1 Murder Get into this car after murder Murder Location and Murderer

Back Tracked to Pre-Murder Meeting at 13:38:11 Murder Car 3 Previously picked up weapons from Accomplice #1 20 minutes prior Murder Car 2 Murder Cars 2 and 3 leave this location at 13:38:23 to

29 Back Tracked to Pre-Murder Meeting at 13:38:11 Murder Car 3 Previously picked up weapons from Accomplice #1 20 minutes prior Murder Car 2 Murder Cars 2 and 3 leave this location at 13:38:23 to go to murder site Accomplice #2 Accomplice #2 Meets with murderers takes different route then observes from a distance Accomplice #2 is tracked for 40 minutes prior and 2 hours after the murder

30 Post Murder Locations Suspects Enter this House after Murder Suspects Enter this House after Murder Suspect Car #2 Returns here after Murder Suspect Car #1 Returns here after Murder Drops off person

31 Murderer, Accomplices, and Associates Tracked Activities 45 minutes prior and 3 hours after murder

32 Murder Car 1 Track

33 Car 1 Timeline 13:01:14 Murder Car #1 Start 13:02:51 Car to Car Meeting 13:04:20 Car to Multi People Meeting 13:07:32 Car to Car Meeting 13:12:40 Car to Car Meeting by Where murder would happen 13:18:48 Person exits Car to observe area where the murder will take place 13:42:11 Car to Car meeting just down the box where the murder will happen 13:45:46 Suspect enters Car on passenger side and Suspect Car drive away 13:47:58 1 st Person exit Car enters house 13:48:33 Car to Person Meeting 13:53:41 2 nd Person exits Car and enters house 13:56:05 Suspect Car Parks Driver exits Car 14:35:20 Suspect Car stops ( N W) 35 minutes long 14:39:46 Suspect Car parks and Driver exits.

34 Murder Car 1 Start of Track Suspect Car 2510 Heroes del carrizal

35 Suspect Car 1 and People Interface Suspect Car Guillermo Prieto Valentin gomez Farias

36 Murder 2-26 Aug Key locations Starting and ending points of most participants See key locations KLM file which shows each location and an image of it

Annotated Reports Integrate Ground and Arial Imagery Car 1 and Car 2

Driver appears to exit vehicle. Corner D.M.

37 Annotated Reports Integrate Ground and Arial Imagery Car 1 and Car 2 Post-Murder Activities 13:48:31: Driver from Murder Car 2 Meets Murder car 1 then enters this building. 13:47:53: Murder Car 2 returns here after murder and parks. Driver appears to exit vehicle. Corner D.M. Ruiz & Heroes del Carrizal 13:47:51: Murder Car 1 returns to location of pre-event meeting, parks briefly. Person exits passenger side (it is possible that this is the murderer) and enters this Blue building (also pictured earlier). Corner of Pascual Jaramillo & Heroes del Carrizal

38 Street View MURDERERS STARTING AND ENDING LOCATION B

crossing to predict other suspect cars -- Identify potential coordinated and multiple crossing cars to stopped cars

39 Multiple Simultaneous Border Crossing Surveillance El Paso 3/18/10 flight -- Back track stopped cars to look for starting location and stash houses and other coordinated vehicles -- Identify driving characteristics and prior crossing to predict other suspect cars -- Identify potential coordinated and multiple crossing cars to stopped cars (cars they met with prior) -- Connected additional suspect cars to border crossing times and lanes to obtain photo and license plate info

40 Analysts at Work

41 Persistent Surveillance Systems Level 1 Analysis - Overnight Who is directly involved with the crime Where did they come from Where did they go Level 2 Analysis 1-3 days Who did the criminals meet with Where did they come from Where did they go Levels of Analysis Level 3 Network Analysis - 1 week Over the last week or two who did all of the above meet with Where did they come from and where did they go

42 PSS Analysts 40 analysts with top secret clearances 80 hours of hands on analysis training Tracking Investigation process Intel process Criminal TTPs (What they typically do) Integration of sources Reporting results Leading teams

43 Persistent Surveillance Systems Analysis Software Tools Analyst Tool Kit iview integrated imagery viewer Incident Locator Data base interface tools for locating crimes and coverage overlaps PSS Locate Tracking Tools (Manual and Assisted) Investigation Data Base Google Earth Output Open Source Web Crawlers

PSS Incident Locator Ingests available police reports and dispatch information Shows times and locations of flights Shows summary of reported crimes

44 PSS Incident Locator Ingests available police reports and dispatch information Shows times and locations of flights Shows summary of reported crimes within the coverage area Searchable by location, time, crime, flight, and coverage area Significantly speeds process to identify crimes in coverage area

Short-Term Fixed Site PSS Command Center Simple office configuration 6 to 8 analyst stations Allows discrete operations and operating location 1 day set up and tear down

45 Short-Term Fixed Site PSS Command Center Simple office configuration 6 to 8 analyst stations Allows discrete operations and operating location 1 day set up and tear down Single trailer deployment All equipment provided Servers, Storage System Networking Equipment Analyst Stations Furniture Printers and Office Supplies Shown as currently deployed

46 PSS Highly Mobile Command Center Dodge Sprinter Lights Lights COM Comp Comp Aux AC Server Servers Data Storage UPS Disk Array Inverter Batteries Insertable command module 4 Dual Screen Work Stations

47 System Integration and Enhancements

48 Persistent Surveillance Systems Surveillance Systems Integration Wide Area Surveillance Police and 911 Dispatch Ground Based Cameras Shot Spotter Automatic License Plate Readers Electronic Surveillance Direction Finding and intercept Integrated Surveillance Center

49 Ground Based Surveillance Cameras

50 Murder Car 1 in Camera 4.12 at 13:15:27

51 Airborne WAS and Security Camera Coverage Comparison

52 Airborne WAAS and Security Camera Coverage Different Perspectives

53 Shot Spotter Gunshot Location System

54 Automatic License Plate Readers Fixed and Mobile ALPR Cameras In Car (top) and Back Office (Bottom) Displa

55 Discussion Persistent Surveillance Systems

Understanding Compression Technologies for HD and Megapixel Surveillance

Understanding Compression Technologies for HD and Megapixel Surveillance When the security industry began the transition from using VHS tapes to hard disks for video surveillance storage, the question of how to compress and store video became a top consideration for video surveillance