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1 Chapter 1 : ff. - Wiktionary Notes Orakhelashvili, []. James L. Hevia notes the ways that sovereignty was manifested in both diplomatic protocol and territorial assumptions in the. Basically, footnoted material is of three types: These must be placed in quotation marks. Citing authority for statements which are not quoted directly. Material of an explanatory nature which does not fit into the flow of the body of the text. In the text of an essay, material to be footnoted should be marked with a raised number immediately following the words or ideas that are being cited. Form and Content of Footnotes: McClelland and Stewart Limited,, From an article in a journal: From a book containing quotations from other sources: From a standard reference work: In citing material read on the Internet, it is not sufficient to indicate the website alone. You must provide information about author, title, and date of the document you are using, as follows: The final date [, June] is the date the website was consulted. Rules to Remember in Writing Footnotes: Titles of books, journals or magazines should be underlined or italicized. Titles of articles or chaptersâ items which are only a part of a book--are put in quotation marks. The first time any book or article is mentioned in a footnote, all the information requested above must be provided. After that, however, there are shortcuts which should be used: The abbreviation to be used is "Ibid. University of Toronto Press,, Clark, Irwin and Company Limited,, Bibliography The bibliography should be on a separate page. It should list the relevant sources used in the research for the paper. This list should be arranged alphabetically by the surname of the author. Unlike the footnote reference, the surname is shown first, set off from the rest of the information. The information required is: The information is separated for the most part by periods rather than by commas, as in the footnotes and the parentheses enclosing the facts of publication are dropped. Frontenac The Courtier Governor. McClelland and Stewart Limited, Europe in the Sixteenth Century. University of Toronto Press, Page 1

2 Chapter 2 : Table of Contents: Used Books Abbreviations used in the Notes and Bibliography Am Hist R Eur Stu R F Hist F Hist Stu Hist Eur Ideas Hist J JAm Hist J Mod Hist Mouv Soc. The following list contains all the published material cited in the catalogue, except for the printed cases, which are the subject of a separate list. If a fuller reference is used, the short form usually appears in square brackets after it, so that the reader can find the reference in the Bibliography. Sometimes an alternate short form is used; in the Bibliography that form appears in round brackets parentheses following the full bibliographic citation. Information as to online availability, when known, appears in the second set of round brackets. A third set of round brackets gives the report number linked and section of the report in which the citation appears, a link to the Introduction, or a link to Research Opportunites or Ejectment Research. The items listed above under Abbreviations are cited throughout the catalogue. Byrne, 1 U. Collected from several memorials taken by divers persons privately, the commissioners having strictly prohibited the taking the tryal in open court n. Andrews and Frances G. Grant and James Munro under the general supervision of Almeric W. Butterworths, Research Opportunities. General Court], Virginia Colonial Decisions: Clarendon Press, â Research Opportunities. E Typographeo academico; Oxonii: Haworth Information Press, Research Opportunities. Special Report of the Department of Bibliography, 2 vols. Word Services Publishing Co. North America and the West Indies,, ed. Fortescue, Cecil Headlam, et al. Fry and Kammerer for P. Byrne, 4 U. Yale University Press, â. We have used the digital edition: Riley, Early American Imprints, Series 2, no. Charles Merrill Hough New Haven: University of North Carolina Press, Introduction. April, to May, 14 vols. Leonard Woods Labaree New York: Bayard received from the time that sentence was passed against him to the time of his giving that petition which the lieut. Green, Early American Imprints, series 1, Evans no. Owen and Michael C. Tolley, Courts of Admiralty in Colonial America: Carolina Academic Press, c Introduction. In Association with the British Academy: From the Earliest Times to the Year, 60 vols. Oxford University Press, online edition, by subscription Introduction. Hannah Philips, Widow, and Others, Respondents n. McSparran plaintiff and Mr. Torrey defendant, relating to the ministry land in South Kingstown, Narragansett, which was dated July n. The Law Reports, Part Two â, ed. Coquillette and Neil Longley York Boston: The Colonial Society of Massachusetts, A Revision of the Guide Edited in by B. Crick and Miriam Alman, ed. Argument for the Defendant in Error [Philadelphia: Columbia University Press, ; repr. Torrey, defendant, relating to the ministry land at Narraganset n. Columbia University, ; repr. Gosling, Research Opportunities. A reprint of the edition was published in by The Lawbook Exchange. The Supreme Judicial Court, ed. Supreme Judicial Court Historical Society,, p. This page last updated June 4, Contact Rosemary Spang with comments. Page 2

3 Chapter 3 : The Chicago Manual of Style Online: Chapter 14 Contents Abbreviations Used in Notes and Bibliography AUA-M Air University Archive, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama ANL Archives Nationales Luxembourg. Defining The Bibliography Reference Types For An Output Style The Bibliography area of the output style editor is where you determine exactly which fields are included for a specific reference type i. You can also include comments about each field in each reference type to serve as a reference or reminder of details for that output style. Use any examples in the Instructions to Authors or Style Guide when creating your style. The generic reference type is used as a default and will be used by any reference in your database that does not find its appropriate reference type. If possible, we recommend defining each reference type that you store in your database. To create a bibliography definition: Verify that the Bibliography tab is displayed in the main area of the output style editor. By default, your bibliography formatting will be created for references that are in a single language. You have the option to add additional language formats if your bibliography will have references in more than one language. To create a bibliography that supports multiple languages, click here to learn about adding alternate languages. Under Reference Type, select Generic. Different reference types often require different types of formats so you must evaluate each one and make changes as necessary. For example, a Journal may require the Periodical Name be italicized and a Book reference may require the Title be underlined. Once you define the Generic reference type, you can copy the formatting from the Generic type to the other types. From there you only need to make modifications as necessary. To copy the Generic reference type definition: Notice that the Output Field Order box is now empty. Use this feature as a quick way to define various reference types. Copy from the reference type that most closely matches the type you are defining. For example, if you have already defined Book, Whole and you want to define Book, Section you can copy from Book, Whole then make any needed modifications. If you are creating the output style for a publication in the Humanities, we suggest making the Generic format similar to a Book example. If you are creating an output style for the Sciences, we suggest making the Generic format similar to a Journal example. The Fields for this type box shows all the fields available for the Reference Type, Generic. The fields change depending on the type of reference you have chosen. Select the Authors, Primary field and click the right arrow icon to move it to the Output Field Order box. Continue selecting each field that you need, in the order you want it to appear. Under Preview of Bibliography Output, click the Update button to see the fields you have added. You need to click the Preview button every time you make a change to the particular reference type in order to see the updated information Tip: If you want to change the order of the fields, click on the field you want to move and use the up and down arrow icons located on the right side of the Output Field Order area. You can also delete fields by highlighting the field around or delete them with the left arrow icon in the same way. Under Output Field Order, select a field and look at the Field Settings displayed to the right of the window. Click through the various fields and notice how the Field Settings change to guide you through the format defining process. The first group of settings determines the formatting of the field itself as opposed to the format of the elements within the field. You also designate in the Field Settings when that particular field should print -- always, when the source type in the reference is set to print or when the source type is set to electronic. In some cases, such as Volume, there is very little to establish. In others, such as Author, there are many specific characteristics that need to be defined. You can also add Field Comments for each field used within a reference type. Field comments also appear when adding a new reference or editing an existing reference Note: Under Field Settings, if you want to precede or follow particular fields with a tab or carriage return i. Detailed information about Field Settings typically used for defining a periodical are listed below. This will help you become familiar with the different types of options available for the various fields. A word about punctuation used throughout a reference type â punctuation is normally included with the field it is used with, however, in some instances you will need to include the punctuation with the field that precedes or Page 3

4 follows. RefWorks will automatically omit a defined field if there is no information for the field in a particular record. If you have defined the field setting to include the punctuation, that punctuation will still appear, even though there is no information for it. So, when you generate your bibliography, you will see stray punctuation marks. You may need to modify your format to include punctuation for a particular field with the field that follows it The page number field is a good example. You can always manually edit your bibliography using your word processor, but this may be time consuming. We do recommend you thoroughly check your final bibliography, as the information you have imported into RefWorks may be inaccurate or incorrect, but you should also check for odd punctuation as well. This field is information only and does not affect the formatting or output. Author Settings Include All: The number of author names to be included in the bibliography. You can include all of the names or some portion of them. Selecting Include All overrides the other settings. Enter 2 in the If more, show first box and select Italic. Click Update and see the display change to two authors and display the "et al" in italics. By default, RefWorks inserts the word Anonymous in place of author names if the author field in a reference is left blank. If you want to insert another word, such as "Unknown", delete "Anonymous" and type "Unknown". If you want to replace the author with the title, click the Use Title box. Varies depending upon where the separator is located i. In our example under If only 2 use, press the spacebar type "and" without the quote marks then press the spacebar again. It will display as and. You need to include a space on each side of the and or the result will be John JonesandBob Smith. Leave the comma in the If more than 2 use box and in the Before Last box. Notice that there are spaces after the comma and before and after the and. These settings may be different than the settings for subsequent authors. Under Name select the correct order of the names for the output style. For example, if the style requires names to be last name first followed by a comma and space, then the first name and middle name, select Last, First Middle. The Initial box determines the format of the name. For example, if the first name should be a full name and middle name an initial only, you should select First M. If you want only the last name of the author s to appear, select Last in the name box and do not worry about the Initial box RefWorks will not read it when only Last is selected Case Setting: Under Case Setting, select any casing requirements Last name in uppercase or Entire name in uppercase. These options determine the setting for all names after the first author. The Precede With and Follow With fields determine what comes before and after the author in a reference that contains only one author. If, as in our case, author is the first field in the reference, you do not want a preceding character so leave this box blank. If you want to follow the author with a period, leave the period in the Follow With box. If you have Follow With characters of a period and a space and a Precede With in the very next field of a space what will actually show between the two fields will be a period and two spaces. The Precede With and Follow With fields determine what comes before and after the author field in a reference that contains multiple authors. Uppercase capitalizes the entire title e. Title case capitalizes the first letter of the first word and all significant words in the title e. Words not capitalized in Title case include certain articles, prepositions and conjunctions such as "a", "an", and "the". Sentence case capitalizes the first word of the title only e. If you have proper nouns or specific words that MUST be capitalized or italicized in your bibliography, we recommend leaving the case setting option as None. Periodical Field Field Comments Enter any information you would like to include about this field. Periodical Settings Case Setting: To leave the title as it is in your database, under Case Setting, select None. Some Periodicals have both a full name and an abbreviated name. For example, Journal of Biology may be abbreviated J. There are several options for the periodical name format. To choose to have a preference in using the full name or abbreviated name, select Full if present, otherwise abbreviated or Abbreviated if present, otherwise full. Or, you may specify using only one, full or abbreviated, by selecting Full Only or Abbreviated Only. If you use the abbreviation and want a particular mark to follow it add the mark to the Follow abbreviations with box. Any entry in this field would be in addition to what you defined in the Field Settings area. Field Settings Options for these fields are very similar. Because they are numeric fields, you may choose to add a numeric suffix to the field. RefWorks adds the appropriate suffix for the number. Determine any text formatting and if any information needs to precede or Page 4

5 follow the field for example, if it should appear as Vol. Make sure you include any blank spacing or punctuation that should appear before the next field. Determine any text formatting and if any information needs to precede or follow the field for example, if the issue should appear as 1, you need to include a left parentheses in the Precedes With area and a right parentheses in the Follow With area. Determine any text formatting and if any information needs to precede or follow the field. Page 5

6 Chapter 4 : Bibliography Format NOTE: Instructions for electronic sources without page numbers If page numbers are not given use approximate page number (p. 3 of 9); or paragraph number for short text (para. 2); or the heading given in the source for the particular section. Chicago Style Format Introduction Over the years, writing has been an important method of passing information from one person to the next all over the world. The integrity of a write-up is more often than not measured by the existence of sources of information that should be cited accordingly. Among the various formatting styles, there is the Chicago style of referencing. This style traces its origin to, and is a brainchild of The Chicago University Press; it boasts of seventeen editions which have been released over the years to address the emerging trends as far as the proper formatting and citation of work is concerned. According to the Chicago Manual of Style Citation, there exist two ways of formatting using this style; namely, the author-date and the notes and bibliography styles. Notes and Bibliography The notes and bibliography format is commonly known as NB style among its major users. Retrieved 14 June, from https: A footnote appears at the end of each page whereas an endnote is added at the end of a chapter. It is important to note that these have to be used in order to fully meet the requirements of Chicago formatting style. There are instances where one opts not to have a bibliography in a document. In such cases, the notes in text carry all essential information for the sources referred to. However, under normal circumstances, all relevant details will be found in the bibliography section. When citing a source for the first time, the following details have to be present: There are times when one is forced to create a shorter citation especially if the source has already been cited within the research paper; the last name, a shortened title and page number are preferably used. The Chicago style bibliography entails elements whose presence gives the document the authenticity to avoid unfortunate issues like plagiarism. The name of the author, title, publication year and the publishing house are just some of the parameters bibliography ought to have. Name â according to this formatting style the name of the author is inverted so that their last name precedes the first name e. Burtons Beers is cited as Beers Burton. Title â Titles of journals and book sources should be written in italics whereas those of other sources like poems and articles are written with quotation marks. In the event an online source is used for reference, details like the URL and dates when the source was accessed are to be indicated to create a trustworthy bibliography, which is free from plagiarism. It is key to note that annotated bibliographies also exist as far as Chicago style is concerned. They give more details on the author, their main arguments, scope of work, research methods used, sources etc. More information on Apa Citation Research Paper. How to Cite Chicago Style â Examples It goes without saying that proper Chicago style guide on citation is incomplete without Chicago style examples on how to best cite various sources in research papers. City of Publication, Publisher, Year e. Last name, First name, Book title. Example, Notes â 3. Newspapers Newspaper citations are characterized by the name of the writer, title, specific name of the paper not forgetting the date when the publication was done. If an online newspaper was used then its URL or DOI should be included at the end of the citations as mentioned earlier. The bibliography citation includes additional information, namely the degree, school, year and identification code. Bibliography â Hostetler, Tara. Government Publications In both cases of notes and bibliography the government department that is publishing the document comes first, followed by the title of publication. Above examples were obtained from https: Making the text double spaced, using size 12 of the Times New Roman font and one inch margin all round are among the essential components of this formatting style. The indention is limited to half an inch at the start of any paragraph. The numbering of the pages is done on the header of the first page using Arabic numerals. Its in-text citation delivers those two pieces of information to a reader as shown in the examples below. Beers Mahmood Nahvi and Joseph Edminister Alan et al, in the event of more than two authors. Conclusion In conclusion, Chicago citation style gives a research paper a touch of thorough research. It also goes a long way to prove that a write-up is free from plagiarism and thus meets the Page 6

7 demands of a well-written paper. With this formatting style, referencing different sources is possible. Chapter 5 : The Relevance of Rexroth (Notes and Bibliography) List of Abbreviations Used in Notes and Bibliography. Introduction 1. G.W.F., Hegel, Vorlesungen über die Philosophie der Geschichte, in: Sà mmtliche. Chapter 6 : Guidelines for Footnotes and Bibliography History, University of Regina Abbreviations and Bibliography. Abbreviations: The following abbreviations are used throughout the catalogue. In most cases fuller references are given in the bibliography that follows. Chapter 7 : Common, Uncommon and Specialized Abbreviations: Writing - A Research Guide for Students Principal abbreviations used in Notes and Bibliography. blog.quintoapp.com Chapter 8 : Chicago Style Format: - A Research Guide for Students This is used in in-text citations (including the first in-text citation) when there are four or more authors. However, all authors are listed in full in the reference list. NOTE: stop only after 'al.', not after 'et'. Chapter 9 : Introduction to bibliographies and citation styles Bibliographies and Notes usually do not use abbreviations, unless a comment is made in the first note (e.g., "This study uses the standard abbreviations adopted by the American Journal of Archeology for journals and some books, as found on its website, AJA Abbreviations). Page 7