US GUIDE FOR DOCUMENTATION

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1 US GUIDE FOR DOCUMENTATION Our American English house style is based upon The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th. Below are the main points and specifics we would like to call your attention to. DOCUMENTATION ENDNOTES Notes should be double-spaced and should be numbered starting with 1 for each chapter not numbered consecutively across all chapters. Notes should be linked to their citation in the text, using Word s endnote tool. Do not have notes in an auto-numbered list. Each superscript number in the text can only refer to one note. To use the same reference twice, use two notes. All notes end with a full point. Superscript note numbers always follow punctuation, but precede the in-text dash. Example: The manuscript was delivered despite the extra work 1 by the end of the week. 2 Opening chapter information, headings, and figure captions should not be followed by a note number. The number should be moved to a sentence in the paragraph following the heading. General acknowledgments for the chapter should be added as an unnumbered note at the beginning of the notes sections Reference lists/bibliographies should appear at the end of the text but before linked notes the notes are in their own Word section and too much unlinked text there can cause problems with the formatting. The typesetter will then move the references to follow the notes at the proof stage. REFERENCES It is essential that you order the items correctly within each reference (s surnames, initials, journal article title, journal title, volume number and page range). Books with multi-ed chapters must adhere to 1 style that the book editor(s) designate there cannot be inconsistencies between chapters. Authors submitting manuscripts to Berghahn can follow one of two styles: 1. The in-text, Author-Date (Harvard) Reference System 2. The Short Title System of note referencing It is your responsibility as, editor, or contributor to ensure that the references in your submission are accurate in terms of information provided, spelling, etc. Both styles need a full, alphabetized bibliography before the book can enter production, and the bibliography needs to be formatted with the correct punctuation, as mentioned below at the *. 1 English bibliographies usually list only city and year of publication, in each entry, whereas American bibliographies usually list city of publication, publisher, and year of publication. Either system is acceptable as long as it is consistent; the only exceptions are books in series, which may have their own standardized formats. Only the first name is inverted for multi works Note that each entry is followed by a period

2 When several works are cited for one, the s name is replaced by a 3-em dash and a period, starting with the second title (three hyphens can be used to indicate the 3-em dash). These works can be listed in either alphabetical or chronological order. Works by a single precede works edited by that ; these in turn precede works done in collaboration with others. ALPHABETIZATION All bibliographic entries must be in the correct order. Alphabetization goes across spacing, for example: Derber de Shambly Deudene Mabray MacArthur Mac Roberts Mayberry McKinley Names with accents should be alphabetized as if they do not have accents. NOTES VS. BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRIES In a note, the s name is not reversed, while in an alphabetically arranged bibliographic entry it is. The punctuation between the main parts of a bibliographical entry consists of full points, but in notes, commas and parentheses are used. A note usually contains specific page reference, but a bibliographic entry will supply inclusive page ranges only for individual articles, chapters, etc. * Example note: Thomas Smith, Refugee Studies (New York, 1988), 66. * Example bibliographic entry: Smith, Thomas. Refugee Studies. New York: Phaidon, EDITED BY VS. EDITOR In references, ed. can mean two different things edited by as well as editor. When the reference is to a chapter within a publication with overall editor(s): Fernand Braudel, History and the Social Sciences: The Longue Durée, in The Mediterranean in Histories: French Constructions of the Past, ed. Jacques Revel and Lynn Hunt (New York, 1995), 118. In this case, ed. stands for edited by, so it remains singular regardless of number of editors. When the reference is to an overall publication with multiple editors, then it would be eds. as below: Kurland, Philip B., and Ralph Lerner, eds The Founders Constitution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Retrieved 27 June 2006 from Melissa Spinelli 1/2/15 5:01 PM Comment: "edited by" so ed. (singular) This is used when the editors are listed later in a reference. Melissa Spinelli 1/2/15 5:01 PM Comment: "editors" so eds. (plural) This is used at the beginning of the citation, when the editors names are first, and "edited by" wouldn't be grammatically correct. 2

3 1. AUTHOR-DATE (HARVARD) REFERENCE SYSTEM As a rule, this system does not use numbered notes in the text for referencing purposes (though, as indicated above, notes referring to content issues can certainly be included). Instead, it gives the s surname and year of publication in the text from which the reader can cross-reference with the full citation in a list of references positioned at the end of the book (or in multi- books, at the end of each chapter). EXPLANATORY FOOTNOTES Although explanatory footnotes are used with less frequency in the case of this style, descriptive/explanatory footnotes certainly can be adopted if desirable. For example: (Bradley 2003: 56) 4 4. Bradley s recent discussion differs considerably from his earlier explorations. See Bradley (1996: 34; 1987: ). GENERAL FORMAT Author(s). Year of publication. Book Title. Place of publication: Publisher. BOOKS In Text Citation Reference List/Bibliographic Example single The theory was propounded in 1993 Comfort, A A Good Age. London: Mitchell Be (Comfort 1997: ) Comfort (1997: ) claimed that duplicate surname (Smith 1981; G. Smith 1999) If there is more than one with the same last name, the initial letter of the s first name is used: (A. Smith 1981; G. Smith 1999) 2 or 3 s (Madden and Hogan 1997: 45) Madden and Hogan (1997: 45) discuss this idea Madden, Ross and Tracie Hogan The Definiti Disability in Australia: Moving Towards National Con Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 4 or more s (Leeder et al. 1996: 69) Leeder, S. R., et al. no This was apparently not the case before Advertising in New York New York: Dutton (Advertising in New York 1900: 14) multiple works by the same University research (Brown 1982, 1988) has indicated that... Brown, P Corals in the Capricorn Group. Lon King s College The Effects of Anchor on Corals. L King s College. Order chronologically in the reference list. multiple works published in the same year by the same edited (and multi-edited) volume In recent reports (Napier 1993a, 1993b) Use a/b etc. to differentiate between works in same year. (Kastenbaum 1993: 78) (Smith and Graham 1987: ) Napier, A. 1993a. Fatal Storm. Sydney: Allen & Unw. 1993b. Survival at Sea. Sydney: Allen & U Order alphabetically by title in the reference list. Kastenbaum, R. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Adult Development. New York: Routledge. Smith, R. and J. Graham (eds) Analyzing Win Growth. New York: Oxford University Press. different editions Denver (1964: 45) suggests that Denver, M.H Mass Communication Techniqu ed. New York: Berghahn Books. Do not insert edition number for 1st editions article or chapter in a As discussed by Seremetakis (1993: 5) Seremetakis, C. Nadia Memory of the Sen book Historical Perception, Commensal Exchange and Modernity. Visual Anthropology Review 9(2): 2 article or chapter in a (Solving the Y2K Problem: 23) Solving the Y2K Problem In D. Bowd (ed.), 3

4 book no Technology Today. New York: Reinhold, p. 27. e-book (Pettinger 2002) Pettinger, R Global Organizations, Oxford: Ca Publishing. Retrieved 28 September 2004, from Oxf University Library & Information Service E-books: http//opac.ox.ac.uk Encyclopedia or dictionary The New Grove Encyclopedia of Music and Musicians (1980: 86) defined it as The New Grove Encyclopedia of Music and Musician London: Macmillan institutional s (WHO 1989: 56) World Health Organization Aids in America. Translation (Cortazar 1969: 67) Cortazar, J Cronopios and Famas, trans. P. Blackburn. New York: Phaidon. dissertation/unpublished manuscript (Downer 1975) Downer, J Necessity and Knowledge in the L Philosophy of Wittgenstein, Ph.D. dissertation. Nort University College of North Wales. conference paper (Common 2001) Common, M 'The Role of Economics in Natur Heritage Decision Making', International Society for Ecological Economics Conference, Canberra, 4 July Canberra: Australian Heritage Commission. JOURNALS & In Text Citation Reference List/Bibliographic Example PERIODICALS Article As mentioned by Wharton (1996: 8) Wharton, N Health and Safety in Outdoor Ac Centres, Journal of Adventure Education and Outdo Leadership 12(4): 8 9. Volume and issue number are not indicated as fo 12, no. 4 article no It s a growing problem in the U.K. Anorexia Nervosa British Medical Journal 1: (Anorexia Nervosa 1969: 70) newspaper Article (Towers 2000) Towers, K Doctor Not at Fault: Coroner, The York Times, 18 January, B3. newspaper Article no in the Chicago Herald Tribune (24 January 2000: 12) Provide all the details in the in-text citation no nee entry in the reference list. press release (Watersmith 2000) Watersmith, C BHP Enters New Era, media r Melbourne: BHP Limited, 1 March. ELECTRONIC MEDIA In Text Citation Reference List/Bibliographic Example full text from an electronic database full text from an electronic database no full text from newspaper, newswire or magazine from an electronic database no (Madden 2002) The internet has had a huge impact on the U.K. economy (Internet Economics and Policy 2000: 23) Madden, G Internet Economics and Policy, E Record 78(252): Retrieved 16 October 2002 ABI/Inform database. Internet Economics and Policy Economic Re 78(252): Retrieved 16 October 2002 from A database. (London s Overseas Appeal 2004) London s Overseas Appeal. 2004, The Guardian, 1 November 2005, 47. Retrieved 13 November 2005 f Factiva database. full text from the internet It was proposed by Byrne (2004) that Byrne, A The End of History: Censorship and Libraries, The Australian Library Journal 53(2). Retr November 2004 from http// For examples of other sources, including government and legal publications (Acts of Parliament, Cases, Census Information, Government reports), personal communications, films and video recordings, television and radio programs, microfiche, and discussion lists/web archives, please refer to the Harvard citation style guide and/or speak to us directly at Berghahn. 4

5 2. SHORT-TITLE SYSTEM Overall, the first mention of a particular work includes the full reference and subsequent mentions use only the s last name, a shortened version of the title, and the page number--all separated by commas. First Reference Subsequent Reference Final Bibliography BOOK, with Thomas Smith, Refugee Studies (New York, 1988), 66. Smith, Refugee Studies, 86. Smith, Thomas. Refugee Studi New York: Phaidon, BOOK, with editor J. A. Hazel, ed., The Growth of the Cotton Trade, 2nd ed., 4 vols. (London, 1955), vol. 3, [or 3: 10 18]. Hazel, Cotton Trade, vol. 4, 102 [or 4: 102]. Note: Repeating ed. is not necessary. Hazel, J. A., ed. The Growth of Cotton Trade. London: Penguin JOURNAL ARTICLES J. L. Carr, Uncertainty and Monetary Theory, Economics 2, no. 3 (1956): 80. Carr, Uncertainty and Monetary Theory, 82. Carr, J. L. "Uncertainty and Mo Theory." Economics 2, no. 3 ( (full page range of articl be provided) BOOK CHAPTERS Noam Chomsky, Explanatory Models in Linguistics, in The Structure of Language, ed. J. A. Fodor and J. J. Katz (Englewood Cliffs, 1964), Chomsky, Explanatory Models, 60. [If the entry is listed in the bibliography under Chomsky] or Chomsky in Fodor and Katz, The Structure of Language, 60. [If the entry is listed in the bibliography under Fodor and Katz.] Chomsky, Noam. "Explanatory Models in Linguistics." In The Structure of Language, edited Fodor and J. J. Katz, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Macmilla (full page range of article be provided) 5