Length and Set Up: Format: 1 Some material taken, in part or whole, from Mrs. Holloran, Mrs. Verdi, Mr. Boell and Mr. Kusters.

Transcription

1 Research Project and Paper on Macbeth by William Shakespeare (25% of 4th MP grade) This research paper assignment will include two parts: (1) the process involved in completing the assignment and (2) the final product, the paper in its final draft, including the Works Cited page. You are expected to keep all stages of the process from initial brainstorming to the final draft. This process is to be kept in your Writing Portfolio. The research will be conducted mostly in class, but some parts might need to be composed at home. Much of class time will be spent on the following: organizing the steps and format of the research, discussing MLA format for in-text citation and Works Cited, and editing and refining the essay via peer-editing. Focus and Topics: Length and Set Up: Paper Trail and Documentation Format: How does human evil occur? What causes it? Are people born good/bad or do they become that way? These are all questions we have discussed during our literary exploration of Macbeth and the nature of mankind. For this research paper assignment, students will write a five paragraph paper (with a minimum of three pages in length) that discussed the nature of mankind. Students will use the primary source Macbeth and at least three secondary sources to support their assertions, creating a logical discussion that develops the writer s point of view. The secondary sources will be supplied and can be found in Shared Folders > Kusters > Macbeth Nature of Mankind folder > Shortcut to Nature of Mankind Folder > 1. MAIN PAGE. htm (blue web page icon). Students should then select a character or several characters from the play Macbeth who demonstrates the components of their argument. 5 paragraphs with a minimum of three pages Works Cited page with MLA format Double Spaced Times New Roman, size 12 Font Print out 2 copies Every stage of your writing process must be documented. Should any questions arise, failure to provide examples of the stages of your writing process a paper trail looks suspicious. Any final paper significantly different from previously submitted drafts will be automatically red flagged, meaning I will thoroughly review it for its academic integrity. Any major changes to a paper s thesis and/or its supporting arguments must be discussed with and approved by me well before the due date. A late or missing component (intro, thesis, works cited list, outline, or drafts) also marks your paper for a review. An incomplete project accrues late penalties until everything (meaning the paper, outlines, rough drafts, and works cited) is submitted. Introduction: Contains a hook, includes a thesis statement, and provides a threepoint overview via subsidiary topics of your findings and discussion. Three Body Paragraphs: Each paragraph includes a topic sentence, two (2) intext citations (MLA format). Uses your insight and analysis to connect your support to your paper s focus. Conclusion: Provides closure to the argument and restates the writer s position with reference to the evidence and logic established in the first four paragraphs of the essay. Incorporates personal insight as to how the understanding of your topic enhances your reading of Macbeth. Evaluate the worth of your findings. In other words, what have you uncovered? Includes no quotations or in-text citations. (over) 1 Some material taken, in part or whole, from Mrs. Holloran, Mrs. Verdi, Mr. Boell and Mr. Kusters.

2 Outline and Due Dates: The following deadlines must be met to receive points toward the process grade. However, none of these components may be skipped; no other credit for subsequent deadlines will be awarded. Week of April 16 Week of April 23 Week of April 30 Week of May 7 Thursday, May 10 Wednesday, May 16 Project Overview, Researching Information, Selecting Sources, Crafting Your Thesis, Thesis/Topic and Outline (handout) HW: Thesis/Topic due Wed, April 18 Writing your Essay, In-text citations, and MLA Works Cited Page Thesis/Topic Paper and Outline April 23 (at beginning of class) HW: work on Rough Draft Writing your Essay, In-text citation, Plagiarism and Paraphrasing Work on Rough Draft Peer Edit, Plagiarism and Paraphrasing, Writing your Essay, Works Cited Page HW: Rough Draft due on Thursday, May 10 Rough Draft DUE Final Draft is DUE (25% of 4th MP) Process is part of the final project, which must be submitted today in order to be considered on time. If you are out of school, it is due by 3 PM. Final score is lowered by one letter grade for each day late. F i r s t D r a f t T h u r s. 5 / paragraphs Typed, double spaced, Times New Roman, 12 point font, 1 margins M i n im u m of O N E p l a y q u o t e and O N E c ri t i c a l q u o t e p e r p a r a g r a p h I n t r o d u c t io n : H o o k, t h r e e - p o i n t o v e r v i e w, a n d your T H E S I S!!! M U S T F O L L O W M L A S T YL E wi t h in - t e x t c i t a t i o n s. F i n a l P a p e r W e d. 5 / paragraphs Typed, double spaced, Times New Roman, 12 point font, 1 margins M i n im u m of O N E p l a y q u o t e and O N E c ri t i c a l q u o t e p e r p a r a g r a p h I n t r o d u c t io n : H o o k, t h r e e - p o i n t o v e r v i e w, a n d your T H E S I S!!! M U S T F O L L O W M L A S T YL E wi t h in - t e x t c i t a t i o n s. C o n c l u s i o n a d d r e s s e s the worth of your findings. When handing in final drafts, you will also need to include all of the components listed above, stapled together. 2 Some material taken, in part or whole, from Mrs. Holloran, Mrs. Verdi, Mr. Boell and Mr. Kusters.

3 OUTLINE FOR RESEARCH PAPER Name: Due: Thursday, Dec 15, Points: /30 Thesis: (3) Provide three supporting, sub -arguments for this thesis statement. o These function as mini-papers that provide the body to your overall paper. Your summary of each functions much like a topic sentence. For each supporting argument, provide: o 1 text quote with Act number and Scene number o 1 critical essay quote with an in-text citation in MLA format (last name of author and page #). 1 Summary of first sub-argument (3) Text Quote #1 (3) Critical Quote 3 Some material taken, in part or whole, from Mrs. Holloran, Mrs. Verdi, Mr. Boell and Mr. Kusters.

4 (3) 2 Summary of second sub-argument (3) Text Quote #1 (3) Critical Quote (3) 3 Summary of third sub-argument (3) Text Quote #1 (3) Critical Quote 4 Some material taken, in part or whole, from Mrs. Holloran, Mrs. Verdi, Mr. Boell and Mr. Kusters.

5 (3) The Thesis Statement Topic: Weak Question: Weak Question: The Nature of Mankind is Good or Evil What is the Nature of Mankind? (too broad) Is there a reason for mankind to act a evil? (closed-ended, has a yes-no answer) Stronger Question: Is the nature of mankind that we are born greedy and corrupt or are there external influences that cause one to be evil? (Requires research, lends itself to an experience-based product) The thesis statement of your research paper will answer the essential question in a single sentence. Thesis Statement: The nature of mankind is that people are.. BECAUSE. 5 Some material taken, in part or whole, from Mrs. Holloran, Mrs. Verdi, Mr. Boell and Mr. Kusters.

6 Annotated Bibliography Format What is an Annotated Bibliography? An annotated bibliography is a list of citations to books, articles, and documents that will be used in a research paper. Each citation is followed by a brief descriptive and evaluative paragraph. The purpose of the annotation is to inform the reader of the relevance of the sources cited and how they will be used in the research paper. How do I create an Annotated Bibliography? Creating an annotated bibliography calls for the application of a variety of intellectual skills: concise exposition, succinct analysis, and informed library research. First, locate and record citations to books, periodicals, and documents that may contain useful information and ideas on your topic. Briefly examine and review the actual items. Then choose those works that provide a variety of perspectives on your topic. Cite the book, article, or document using the appropriate style. (See the following MLA Works Cited Format.) Write a concise annotation that summarizes the central theme and scope of the book or article. Include the following elements: 1. A brief, focused summary of the resource being cited; 2. An explanation on how this work illuminates/supports your thesis. Sample Annotated Bibliography Entry for a Journal Article This example uses the MLA format for the journal citation: Waite, Linda J., Frances Kobrin Goldscheider, and Christina Witsberger. "Nonfamily Citation Living and the Erosion of Traditional Family Orientations Among Young Adults." American Sociological Review 51.4 (1986): Print. The authors, researchers at the Rand Corporation and Brown University, use data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Young Women and Young Men to test their hypothesis that nonfamily living by young adults alters their attitudes, values, plans, and expectations, Annotation 6 Some material taken, in part or whole, from Mrs. Holloran, Mrs. Verdi, Mr. Boell and Mr. Kusters.

7 moving them away from their belief in traditional sex roles. They find their hypothesis strongly supported in young females, while the effects were fewer in studies of young males. This article will be used to defend the thesis that greater time spent living away from parents before marriage increases individualism, self-sufficiency, and positive family values in young women. MLA Works Cited Format 1. Use the following guidelines when creating your Works Cited page. 2. A template for the standard MLA format Works Cited page is provided on the library website. 3. To access this Adobe File follow this path: CRHS-South Homepage > Library > Research Guide icon located at the bottom, right of page (you need to look for it a bit) > Appendix K. In- Text Citations and Works Cited Format pp You may also use this url: 5. Works Cited information is also available in your Student Handbook. 6. The Purdue University Online Writing Lab is a helpful tool when using the MLA Format. Use the following link to access this site: 7. Remember, there must be a minimum of three (3) entries in the Works Cited Page of your final draft. Sample Woks Cited page and in-text citation/parenthetical citation to follow. MLA Header and Page Number Format This essay must follow MLA style format for both the Header and Pagination. 1. Do not make a title page for your paper. 2. In the upper left-hand corner of the first page, list your name, your instructor's name, the course, and the date. Be sure to use double-spaced text. 3. Double space again and center the title. Don't underline your title or put it in quotation marks; write the title in Title Case, not in all capital letters. 4. Double space between the title and the first line of the text. 5. Be sure not to Quadruple Space! 6. Create a header in the upper right-hand corner that includes your last name, followed by a space with a page number; number all pages consecutively with Arabic numerals (2, 3, 4, etc.), one-half inch from the top and flush with the right margin. Follow this example for your essay: 7 Some material taken, in part or whole, from Mrs. Holloran, Mrs. Verdi, Mr. Boell and Mr. Kusters.

8 Jane Smith Ms. Miller Hosey English 12 January 20, 2012 Title (relevant to your thesis) (Indent and begin essay here ) Works Cited Format and In-Text Citations HOW TO DO A WORKS CITED PAGE The Works Cited section includes all of the sources you have cited (referred to) in your paper. It does not include any sources you may have read or studied but did not refer to in your paper. Begin your Works Cited on a new page. When you turn in your final draft, it will be the LAST page, following the text of your paper. Follow these simple guidelines for the Works Cited page. 1. Select: Microsoft Word 2010 or from an existing document, select New. Blank Document. Create. 2. On the HOME TAB, select Times New Roman 12 Pt Font. 3. On the PAGE LAYOUT TAB, select Margins. Select Normal (1 margins on the left, right, top, bottom) 4. On the HOME TAB, select the right aligned lines from the tool bar and type your last name only in the upper right-hand corner. 5. Press Enter twice and on the HOME TAB, select the center aligned lines from the tool bar. Now type the title Works Cited. SAVE in your H. 6. Press Enter twice and on the HOME TAB, select the left aligned lines from the tool bar. 7. On the PAGE LAYOUT TAB, click the arrow to open the Paragraph Dialog Box: Make sure the Spacing and Indentation are at 0. Then select: Special: Hanging Indent and Double Space. 8. List each entry alphabetically by the author's last name. If there is no author, use the first word of the title, disregarding A/ An/The. 9. Use Italics for titles of books and Quotation Marks for titles of poems or articles. 10. Remember to separate each section of the citation with a period followed by a space. 11. Type your citation and it will automatically wrap to the next line when it reaches the margin of the paper. 8 Some material taken, in part or whole, from Mrs. Holloran, Mrs. Verdi, Mr. Boell and Mr. Kusters.

9 12. Only press Enter when you need to start your next citation entry. Works Cited "Adult Poll Respondents' Views on Gun Control Laws and Gun Ownership, Selected Years, Pew Research Center for the People & the Press. April Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Detroit: Gale. Web. 17 Nov Bettinger, Eric, et al. Are Educational Vouchers Only Redistributive? Poverty Action Lab. Cambridge, MIT, 1 Mar Web. 17 Nov Danger of Cell Phone Use. Science Daily. 8 Mar Web. 17 Nov Hitchens, Christopher. Palin's Base Appeal. Newsweek. 23 Nov Web. 17 Nov Rocha, Joseph. "I Didn't Tell. It Didn't Matter." Washington Post. 11 Oct. 2009: B. 1. SIRS Researcher. Web. 17 Nov Stop Smoking. Key IT Services, Web. 17 Nov Weisberg, Jacob. Gay Marriage & Marijuana. Newsweek. 9 Nov. 2009: 24. MasterFILE Premier. EBSCO. Web. 17 Nov In-Text Citations In-text citations document material from other sources with both signal phrases and parenthetical references. Parenthetical references should include the information your readers need to locate the full reference in the list of works cited at the end of the text. An in-text citation in MLA style gives the reader two kinds of information: (1) it indicates which source on the works-cited page the writer is referring to, and (2) it explains where in the source the material quoted, paraphrased, or summarized can be found. The basic MLA in-text citation includes the author s last name either in a signal phrase introducing the source material or in parentheses at the end of the sentence. It also includes the page number in parentheses at the end of the sentence. For example: Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (263). Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263). 9 Some material taken, in part or whole, from Mrs. Holloran, Mrs. Verdi, Mr. Boell and Mr. Kusters.

10 When a source has no known author, use a shortened title of the work instead of an author name. Place the title in quotation marks if it's a short work (e.g. articles) or italicize it if it's a longer work (e.g. plays, books, television shows, entire websites) and provide a page number, if available. There are so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change... ( Impact of Global Warming 6). For a source with one author, where the author's name is mentioned in your text: If the full source is. Nakashima, George. The Soul of a Tree: A Woodworker's Reflections. New York: Kodansha, Print. Then an example of its in-text citation might be. George Nakashima believes that, "Trees have a yearning to live again, perhaps to provide the beauty, strength and utility to serve man, even to become an object of great artistic worth" (93). *In this example, your reader will know to look in the works cited for Nakashima, so you need only to give the page number or numbers on which the quotation is found. For a source with one author, where the author's name is not mentioned in your text: If the full source is. Gordon, Richard. The Alarming History of Medicine. New York: St. Martin's, Print. Then an example of its in-text citation might be. "Wars were one of the most important factors in stimulating the improvement of surgical methods. Increased casualties gave the physician many chances to practice his craft" (Gordon 123). *In this example, you need to use your author s name in the citation because it is not mentioned in your text. Integrating Quotes The 3I s: Introduce, Integrate & Interpret 1. Keep quotes to one or two sentences. 2. Quotes should rarely take up more than four typed lines. 3. Remember that your words are more important. 4. Do not start a paragraph with a quote. 5. Do not end a paragraph with a quote. 6. Use only one or two fairly short quotes per paragraph (unless otherwise noted). 7. Consider the 3I s Introduce Set up the quote with your own thoughts. Integrate Integrate the quote using signal phrases and/or author tags. Interpret Explain the significance of the quote in regards to your paper; use your own thoughts. Relate the quotes to your thesis statement. Avoid 10 Some material taken, in part or whole, from Mrs. Holloran, Mrs. Verdi, Mr. Boell and Mr. Kusters.

11 This quote shows In this quote Here s a statement As shown here In the previous quote Signal Phrases acknowledges, adds, admits, affirms, agrees, argues, asserts, believes, claims, comments, compares, confirms, contends, declares, demonstrates, denies, disputes, emphasizes, endorses, grants, illustrates, Examples 1. According to Jane Doe, "..." 2. As Jane Doe goes on to explain, "..." 3. In the words of John Doe, "..." 4. As John Doe points out, "..." 5. John Doe believes that "..." 6. Jane Doe claims that "..." 7. Characterized by John Doe, the society is "..." implies, insists, notes, observes, points out, reasons, refutes, rejects, reports, responds, states, suggests, thinks, underlines, writes Example 1: Maria Tatar, a Harvard professor in Literature, says that the story is about the triumph of children over hostile predatory adults, where the children are innocent victims of their adult aggressors. If this is the case, then the story is intended to be a celebration of the goodness of children. The opposing viewpoints have more Christian overtones, where children share the faults of the adults, and the story gives a moral warning. Sheldon Cashdan, a psychology professor, sees the story as a moral tale against gluttony, one of the seven deadly sins. A similar idea is that the tale shows the dangers of giving in to temptation in general, which includes gluttony. Example 2: In The Jim Dilemma: Reading Race in Huckleberry Finn, Jocelyn Chadwick-Joshua of Harvard University s Graduate School of Education, indicates a concern about readers who fail to see Jim s traits as the marks of a hero. She lists Jim s sense of honor, ethics, loyalty, duty, friendship, wisdom, self-reliance, and courage as among his many heroic qualities. 11 Some material taken, in part or whole, from Mrs. Holloran, Mrs. Verdi, Mr. Boell and Mr. Kusters.

12 The Draft Peer Editing Writer s Name Peer Editor s Name First Read through your peer s paper to get a general feel for the composition as well as to mark any mistakes you find Second Go through the paper a second time and complete the checklist below. Thesis/Intro Paragraph: Hook creates interest Thesis is well-developed with a clear topic Thesis has a strong point or assertion Contains three sub-topics that are the subjects of the body paragraphs (the paper s structure) Three sub-topics are in separate sentences Transitions are used from topic to topic and into the first paragraph Body Paragraph 1: Strong topic sentence relevant to sub-topic and supports thesis Integrate one quote (textual reference) from Macbeth (primary source) to support sub-topic Integrate one quote (textual reference) from a non-fiction researched article to support the idea or topic of the paragraph In-text/parenthetic citation is used (correct format) Clear closing sentence Transitions are used from topic to topic Approx, 6-8 sentences Body Paragraph 2: Strong topic sentence relevant to sub-topic and supports thesis Integrate one quote (textual reference) from Macbeth (primary source) to support sub-topic Integrate one quote (textual reference) from a non-fiction researched article to support the idea or topic of the paragraph In-text/parenthetic citation is used (correct format) Clear closing sentence Transitions are used from topic to topic Approx, 6-8 sentences Body Paragraph 3: Strong topic sentence relevant to sub-topic and supports thesis Integrate one quote (textual reference) from Macbeth (primary source) to support sub-topic Integrate one quote (textual reference) from a non-fiction researched article to support the idea or topic of the paragraph In-text/parenthetic citation is used (correct format) Clear closing sentence Transitions are used from topic to topic Approx, 6-8 sentences Conclusion Paragraph: Restates (not recopies) the thesis Summarizes the essay, ties up loose end Includes no quotations or in-text citations. Transitions are used from topic to topic OVER 12 Some material taken, in part or whole, from Mrs. Holloran, Mrs. Verdi, Mr. Boell and Mr. Kusters.

13 Conventions, Mechanics, and Set-up: Entire Essay is Double Spaced Entire Essay has one inch margins Times New Roman font, size 12 Header and Page Number Format MLA style - in the upper left-hand corner of the first page The writer s name Teacher s name The course The date Double-spaced text. Title in Title Case, not in all capital letters, centered Create a header in the upper right-hand corner that includes writer s last name and page number (not on first page) Works Cited Page MLA style Works Cited in the middle of the page Entries listed in alphabetical order, in a hanging paragraph format (2 nd and 3 rd lines of each entry indented)? What do you think is the best part/ quality of this paper? What does the writer need to improve upon? Third Give your peer s paper a third look-over and make comments below. Domain Focus Clearly focused, demonstrating clear coherence and smooth progression of ideas Content Ideas are clear and developed. Each paragraph is well supported and explained. Organization Sophisticated arrangement of content with evident and/or subtle transitions Conventions Grammar, mechanics, spelling, usage and sentence formation Advice, Criticism, Praise Grade (A+ thru F-) OVERALL GRADE: 13 Some material taken, in part or whole, from Mrs. Holloran, Mrs. Verdi, Mr. Boell and Mr. Kusters.

14 Name Score / 175 (adjusted to 25% of MP2) Scoring and Grading MLA Format for Paper / 25 Header (in upper left corner) student name, teacher name, course, date Times New Roman, size 12, double spaced (entire paper) Title is centered with initial caps For page 2 through the end, upper right corner has the writer s last name and page number MLA Format for Works Cited / 25 Centered with no bold, italics, or underline Begins on a new page Double spaced First line in entry is flush with the left margin. Following lines have a hanging indent Entrees are in alphabetical order Titles are capitalized except articles, prepositions, coordinating conjunctions, and to infinitives Each in-text citation has a corresponding Works Cited entry MLA Format for In-text Citations / 25 Follows proper format for citing a source (i.e. one author, two authors, editor, web site or magazine, etc ) Identifies the source of support and research immediately after the information Leads to more complete information about the source in the works-cited list Quotation marks and end punctuations are used and formatted correctly with direct quotations Focus x 5 Content x 5 Organization x 5 Style x 5 Conventions x 5 The single controlling point made with an awareness of task (mode) about a specific topic. The presence of ideas developed through facts, examples, anecdotes, details, opinions, statistics, reasons, and/or explanations. The order developed and sustained within and across paragraphs using transitional devices and including introduction and conclusion. The choice, use, and arrangement of words and sentence structures that create tone and voice. Grammar, mechanics, spelling, usage and sentence formation Focus Content Organization Style Conventions Sharp, distinct controlling point made about a single topic with evident awareness of task (mode). Apparent point made about a single topic with sufficient awareness of task (mode). No apparent point but evidence of a specific topic. 1 Minimal evidence of a topic. Substantial, specific, and/or illustrative content demonstrating strong development and sophisticated ideas. Sufficiently developed content with adequate elaboration or explanation. Limited content with inadequate elaboration or explanation. Superficial and/or minimal content. Sophisticated arrangement of content with evident and/or subtle transitions. Functional arrangement of content that sustains a logical order with some evidence of transitions. Confused or inconsistent arrangement of content with or without attempts at transition. Minimal control of content arrangement. Precise, illustrative use of a variety of words and sentence structures to create consistent writer's voice and tone appropriate to audience. Generic use of a variety of words and sentence structures that may or may not create a writer's voice and tone appropriate to audience. Limited word choice and control of sentence structures that inhibit voice and tone. Minimal variety in word choice and minimal control of sentence structures. Evident control of grammar, mechanics, spelling, usage, and sentence formation. Sufficient control of grammar, mechanics, spelling, usage, and sentence formation. Limited control of grammar, mechanics, spelling, usage and sentence formation. Minimal control of grammar, mechanics, spelling, usage and sentence formation. 14 Some material taken, in part or whole, from Mrs. Holloran, Mrs. Verdi, Mr. Boell and Mr. Kusters.

15 Plagiarism Council Rock School District Academic Integrity Guidelines Plagiarism Representing the ideas or language of others as one s own. 1. Using text from another source (e.g. web sites, books, journals, newspapers, etc.) without documenting the source. 2. Using a direct quotation from a text without quotation marks, even if the source has been cited correctly. 3. Paraphrasing or summarizing the ideas or text of another work without documenting the source. 4. Substituting a word or phrase for the original while maintaining the original sentence structure. 5. Citing sources incompletely with intention to deceive. 6. Using graphics, visual imagery, video or audio without permission of the author or acknowledgment of the source. 7. Translating text from one language to another without citing the original work. 8. Obtaining packaged information (e.g. foreign language translation or a completed paper from an on-line source) and submitting it as one s own work without acknowledging the source. 9. Falsification of citations The Difference between Plagiarism and Paraphrasing (Based on Material from Springfield School District with Permission ) Original Text from Jocelyn Chadwick-Joshua's The Jim Dilemma: Reading Race in Huckleberry Finn. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1998: As teachers and supporters of this novel, we often ask how students can fail to comprehend and appreciate Jim. How can students and parents, even legislators, determine without reading the novel without truly reading it that it possesses racist overtones? How can readers of the novel miss Jim s and the other slaves importance to the entire working out of the novel s plot tensions? Are readers deliberately closing their eyes to what Jim brings to the narrative? Why do Jim s strengths somehow also become grounds for his condemnation? Consider the constellation of his virtues: his sense of honor, ethics, loyalty, indomitable faith in the nuclear family (a faith that extends into guardianship of Huck Finn), masterful ability to manipulate language, sturdy sense of duty, grasp of the deep meaning of friendship, clear perception of himself as a man, unintimidating wisdom, desire to be self-reliant, and conscious awareness of taking risks. These traits are the marks of a hero (Chadwick-Joshua xii). Example 1: Teachers and supporters of this novel, often ask how students can fail to comprehend and appreciate Jim. One wonders how people can determine that the novel has racist overtones without reading the novel. One wonders how readers can fail to see Jim s significance to the plot tensions of the novel. One wonders why Jim s strengths become a basis for disapproval. Jim displays the traits of a hero with his sense of honor, allegiance, responsibility, and his wisdom, morals, self-reliance and faith. Comment on Example 1: Plagiarism is not avoided by substituting a few words and transforming some sentences. This example is plagiarism because it copies Chadwick-Joshua 's sequence of ideas. The student has not cited Chadwick-Joshua as the source. Example 2: Jim displays the heroic qualities of honor, ethics, loyalty, duty, friendship, wisdom, self-reliance, and courage. Comment on Example 2: Examples like # 2 are usually the result of careless note taking. The student writer was probably trying to record basic information and intended to put these into his or her own words later. This example is plagiarism because the student used Chadwick-Joshua's words and ideas without giving her credit. Plagiarism could be avoided in this example by citing Chadwick-Joshua as the source. Example 3: In The Jim Dilemma: Reading Race in Huckleberry Finn, Jocelyn Chadwick-Joshua of Harvard University s Graduate School of Education, indicates a concern about readers who fail to see Jim s traits as t he marks of a hero (xii). She 15 Some material taken, in part or whole, from Mrs. Holloran, Mrs. Verdi, Mr. Boell and Mr. Kusters.

16 lists Jim s sense of honor, ethics, loyalty, duty, friendship, wisdom, self-reliance, and courage as among his many heroic qualities (xii). Comment on Example 3: Example 3 is an example of the proper use of a source. The student has integrated the source of the idea into the text and established a context for the authority of that source. Example 4: While there may be issues of concern with regard to some of Jim s activities in the Tom Sawyer episodes of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, it is important not to overlook the heroic qualities that Jim displays for much of the narrative, such as, his sense of honor, ethics, loyalty, duty, friendship, wisdom, self-reliance, and courage (Chadwick- Joshua xii). Comment on Example 4: Example 4 is another example of the proper use of a source. The student is properly crediting the source. He or she has incorporated some ideas from the source, but has added other ideas. The student is following his or her own plan and not simply taking another author's material. Some Reminders for Your Essay Focus: 1. For each body paragraph, each topic sentence MUST reflect back to the sub-topic from the thesis/intro paragraph 2. At the end of each body paragraph, bring your discussion back to your thesis (closing statement) Content: 1. Sub-topics should only be one sentence 2. Use 3I s with each quote - Introduce, Integrate, and Interpret (Analyze) 3. Explain how these sub-topics relate to your thesis 4. AVOID PLOT SUMMARY this is not an analysis of the literary piece Use the story to support your thesis or point in your analysis Use exact quotes Organization: 1. Thesis/intro paragraph establishes structure for body paragraphs 2. Use transitions throughout the essay Style: 1. Avoid repetition, especially at the beginning of sentences and paragraphs 2. Use conjunctions (subordinate, coordinating, and correlative) to join sentences 3. AVOID: I am writing this to tell you This essay will explain In the following I will Conventions and Mechanics: 1. Discuss the literature in the present tense 2. AVOID: First person personal pronouns I, me, my, mine, our Second person pronouns You you understand that to be the natural man. Instead, use third person, society, the reader, the audience Contractions: don t, isn t, wasn t 3. Instead of book use a genre: novel, play, short story 4. Italicize - novel, play, album, TV series, movie: Macbeth 16 Some material taken, in part or whole, from Mrs. Holloran, Mrs. Verdi, Mr. Boell and Mr. Kusters.