James M. Milne Library

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1 James M. Milne Library Chicago Style Guide Notes-Bibliography Style The following rules and examples are based on the The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed. (REF Z253.U ). More extensive examples and detailed instructions can be found in the manual. The Notes-Bibliography (NB) format is mostly used to cite items in History and other humanities. TABLE OF CONTENTS BOOKS 1. Book with a single author 2. Book with multiple authors 3. Book with no author or anonymous author 4. Book with an editor or translator 5. Book with an organization as author 6. Electronic book 7. Book chapter 8. Print encyclopedia article 9. Online encyclopedia article INTERVIEWS AND PERSONAL COMMUNICATION 19. Inteview 20. Letter or GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS 21. General Guidelines for Government Documents PERIODICALS 10. Print journal article 11. Online journal article from a database 12. Online journal article not from a database 13. Print magazine article 14. Online magazine article from a database 15. Online magazine article not from a database 16. Print newspaper article 17. Online newspaper article from a database 18. Online newspaper article not from a database WEBSITES AND ONLINE MEDIA 22. Web page 22. Online media 24. Podcast 25. Blog NOTES Notes citations follow the same form if they are footnotes (at the bottom of the page) or endnotes (at the end of the chapter or work). Notes numbering should begin at 1 and continue consecutively throughout an article or chapter. Each new article or chapter should start again at 1. The number should come at the end of a sentence or clause, and be in superscript type. A foot or endnote should be indented two spaces, followed by the note number, a period, and a space. Titles should be capitalized headline style, which means capitalize the important words. To reduce the amount of space taken by foot or endnotes, subsequent citations to the same work should be shortened if possible. The short form should include the author s last name, enough words of the title to identify it, and the page number. If there are two authors, the citation should include both names; if there are more than two, use the first author s name and add et al. If you are citing from two different sources, put a ; between them. 1

2 1. Soltes, Georgia, 285; Silverstein, Sir Gawain, 38. If you cite an item, and the next citation is from the same source, use the word Ibid. Ibid. is short for ibidem, which means in the same place. If the citation is from the same page, only Ibid. is needed. If the citation is from a different page, use Ibid., page number. BIBILOGRAPHY References are arranged in alphabetical order by author s last name. If a source has no author, alphabetize by title and interfile with the list of authors. Ignore initial articles (a, an, the, la, los, eine) in the titles when alphabetizing. Bibliography entries should not be numbered, and there should be double-spaces between entries. Citations should be formatted using hanging indents. In MS Word 2007, the Paragraph section is under the Home tab. When there is more than one citation by the same author or authors, replace the subsequent name(s) with a 3-em dash (or six hyphens, followed by a period or comma, depending on which would normally follow the name. Squire, Larry R. The Hippocampus and the Neuropsychology of Memory. In Neurobiology of the Hippocampus, edited by W. Seifert, New York: Oxford University Press, Memory and Brain. New York: Oxford University Press, Squire, Larry R., John T. Wixted, and Robert E. Clark. Recognition Memory and the Medial Temporal Lobe: a New Perspective. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience 8 (2007): BOOKS 1. Book with a single author #. First name Last name, Title of Book (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication), Page Number(s). 1. Edith Belle Gelles, Abigail & John: Portrait of a Marriage (New York: Harperluxe, 2009), 401. Last name, First name. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Gelles, Edith Belle. Abigail & John: Portrait of a Marriage. New York: Harperluxe, Book with multiple authors #. First name Last name, First name Last name, and First name Last name, Title of Book (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication), Page Number(s). 1. Kenneth H. Rubin, William M. Bukowski, and Brett Laursen, Handbook of Peer Interaction, Relationships, and Groups (New York: New York Press, 2009), Last name, First name, (First name Last name) and First name Last name. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Rubin, Kenneth H., William M. Bukowski, and Brett Laursen. Handbook of Peer Interaction, Relationships, and Groups. New York: New York Press,

3 3. Book with no author or anonymous author #. Title of Book (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication), Page Numbers. 1. Go Ask Alice (New York: Simon and Schuster Books for Young Readers, 1971), 15. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Go Ask Alice. New York: Simon and Schuster Books for Young Readers, Book with an editor or translator #. First name Last name, role, Title of Book (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication), Page Number(s). 1. Richard Joseph Stein, ed., Internet Safety (New York: H.W. Wilson, 2009), 10. General format: Last name, First name, role. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Stein, Richard Joseph, ed. Internet Safety. New York: H.W. Wilson, Book with an organization as author #. Name of Organization, Title of Book(Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication), Page Number(s). 1. University of Chicago Press, The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010), 656. Name of Organization. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. University of Chicago Press. The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, Electronic book For books consulted online list the URL. Electronic books are cited like their print counterparts with the addition of the type of media at the end of the citation. Include an access date only if required by the instructor. #. First name Last name, Title of Book (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication), Page Number, Web Address. 1. Adam Schweikhard and Bradley J. Birzer, The American West (Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2003), 12, 2. Jane Austin, Pride and Prejudice (New York: Penguin Classics, 2007), 45, Kindle edition. 3

4 Last name, First name. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Web Address. Schweikhard, Adam and Bradley J. Birzer. The American West. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Austin, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Penguin Classics, Kindle edition. 7. Book chapter #. First name Last name, Title of Chapter, in Title of Book, edited by First name Last name, (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication), Page Number(s). 1. Jack P. Greene, Europe and the Atlantic in Atlantic History: A Critical Appraisal, ed. Philip P. Morgan, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), 251. Last name, First name. Title of Chapter. In Title of Book, edited by First name Last name, Page Range. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Greene, Jack P. Europe and the Atlantic. In Atlantic History: A Critical Appraisal, edited by Philip P. Morgan, Oxford: Oxford University Press, Print encyclopedia article Encyclopedia articles are typically left out of the Bibliography. #. Title of Encyclopedia, ed., s.v. Title of Article. 1. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th ed., s.v. "John Quincy Adams. 9. Online encyclopedia article Online encyclopedia articles are typically left out of the Bibliography as well. Because online encyclopedias are continually updated, Chicago recommends citing an access date. If the encyclopedia article is from a database, use the database address only. #. Title of Encyclopedia, s.v. Title of Article Last name First name, access date, URL. 1. Encyclopaedia Britannica Online, s.v. Adams, John Quincy, Bemis, Samuel Flagg, accessed August 12, 2010, PERIODICALS 10. Print Journal article 4

5 #. First name Last name, Title of Article, Title of Journal Volume Number, Issue Number (Publication Date): Page Number(s). 1. Maurice S. Lee, Probably Poe, American Literature 81, no. 2 (2009): 225. Last name, First name. Title of Article. Title of Journal Volume Number, Issue Number (Publication Date): Page Range. Lee, Maurice S. Probably Poe. American Literature 81, no. 2 (2009): Online journal article from a database Access date may not be required unless it is time-sensitive. The URL or DOI should be included at the end of the citation. #. First name Last name, Title of Article, Title of Journal Volume Number, Issue Number (Publication Date): Page Numbers, accessed date, URL. (Accessed Date) 1. Claudis Saunt, Telling Stories: The Political Uses of Myth and History in the Cherokee and Creek Nations, The Journal of American History 93, no. 3 (2006): 673, accessed May 12, 2009, (). Last name, First name. Title of Article. Title of Journal Volume Number, Issue Number (Publication Date) Page Range. Accessed date. URL. Saunt, Claudis. Telling Stories: The Political Uses of Myth and History in the Cherokee and Creek Nations. The Journal of American History 93, 3 (2006): Accessed May 12, Online journal article not from a database #. First name Last name, Title of Article, Title of Journal Volume Number, Issue Number (Publication Date): Page Number(s), accessed date, URL. Claudis Saint, Telling Stories: The Political Uses of Myth and History in the Cherokee and Creek Nations. The Journal of American History 93, 3 (2006): 673, accessed April 13, 2011, Last name, First name. Title of Article. Title of Journal Volume Number, Issue Number (Publication Date) Page Range. Accessed date. URL. Saint, Claudis. Telling Stories: The Political Uses of Myth and History in the Cherokee and Creek Nations. The Journal of American History 93, 3 (2006): Magazine articles are more often cited in text or in notes than in bibliographies. Below are formal examples of both notes and bibliographies. 13. Print magazine article #. First name Last name, Title of Article, Title of Magazine, Publication Date, Page Numbers. 1. Emily Macel, Can Art End Poverty?, Dance Magazine, February 2009, 35. 5

6 Last name, First name. Title of Article. Title of Magazine, Publication Date, Page Range. Macel, Emily. Can Art End Poverty? Dance Magazine, February 2009, Online magazine article from a database Page numbers can be omitted in the bibliography. #. First name Last name, Title of Article, Title of Magazine, Publication Date, Page Numbers, URL. 1. Amanda Ripley, The Relentless Mrs. Roosevelt, Time, July 6, 2009, 45, Last name, First name. Title of Article. Title of Magazine, Publication Date. URL. Ripley, Amanda. The Relentless Mrs. Roosevelt. Time, July 6, Online magazine article not from a database #. First name Last name, Title of Article, Title of Magazine, Publication Date, URL. 1. Amanda Ripley, The Relentless Mrs. Roosevelt, Time, July 6, 2009, Lastname, First name. Title of Article. Title of Magazine, Publication Date, URL. Ripley, Amanda. The Relentless Mrs. Roosevelt. Time, July 6, 2009, Print Newspaper article Newspaper articles are more often cited in text or in notes than in bibliographies. Below are formal examples of both notes and bibliographies. #. First name Last name, Title of Article, Title of Newspaper, Publication Date, Section Number. 1. Valerie Strauss, Colleges Consider 3-Year Degrees to Save Undergrads Time, Money, Washington Post, May 23, 2009, A01. Last name, First name. Title of Article. Title of Newspaper, Publication Date, Section Number. Strauss, Valerie. Colleges Consider 3-Year Degrees to Save Undergrads Time, Money. Washington Post, May 23, 2009, A Online newspaper article from a database 6

7 #. First name Last name, Title of Article, Title of Newspaper, Publication Date, URL. Valerie Strauss, Colleges Consider 3-Year Degrees to Save Undergrads Time, Money, Washington Post, May 23, 2009, Last name, First name. Title of Article. Title of Newspaper, Publication Date. URL. Strauss, Valerie. Colleges Consider 3-Year Degrees to Save Undergrads Time, Money. Washington Post, May 23, Online newspaper article not from a database #. First name Last name, Title of Article, Title of Newspaper, Publication Date, URL. Valerie Strauss. Colleges Consider 3-Year Degrees to Save Undergrads Time, Money. Washington Post, May 23, 2009, Last name, First name. Title of Article. Title of Newspaper, Publication Date, URL. Strauss, Valerie. Colleges Consider 3-Year Degrees to Save Undergrads Time, Money. Washington Post, May 23, 2009, PERSONAL COMMUNICATION 19. Interview Unpublished interviews should be cited in text or in notes. Normally these need not be listed in the bibliography. 1. Nancy Kleniewski, intervew by John Smith, November 11, Letter/ References to personal exchanges ( s, text messages, letters) are included in the text or a note. Normally these need not be listed in the bilbiography. #. First name Last name, type of communication to recipient, Date. 1. Constance Conlon, message to author, April 17, Sara Lehman, letter to author, August 13, GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS (print & online) Government documents vary in required elements depending on the issuing agency and the type of document (e.g. court cases, laws and statutes, Congressional bills, etc.). Please see The Chicago Manual of Style. 16th edition (sections )for specific examples (REF Z253.U ). For online documents, omit the place of publication and add the URL at the end of the citation. 21. General Guidelines for Government Documents 7

8 Footnotes may be shortened so long as the bibliograhpy includes all the works cited. #. Issuing government agency. Body/Department/Bureau/Board/Commision/Committee, Title of Document (Place of publication: Publisher if different from the issuing body, date), page number(s). 1. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, State of the Climate Global Analysis September 2011, (2011), 2. U.S. Department of the Interior. U.S. Geological Survey. Database of Recent Rsumani Deposit (Virginia, 2010), 2. Issuing government Agency/Body/Department/Bureau/Board/Commision/Committee, Subsidiary Division/Office, Individual author/editor/compiler, Title of Document. Place of publication: Publisher if different from the issuing body, date. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Climatic Data Center. State of the Climate Global Analysis September August U.S. Department of the Interior. U.S. Geological Survey. Database of Recent Rsumani Deposit, by Robert Peters and Bruce E. Jaffe. Open-file report Virginia, WEB PAGES AND ONLINE MEDIA 22. Web page (not online periodical articles or books) #. First name Last name or Organization, Title of Web Page, Publishing organization or Name of Web Site, Publication date (if available), Web Address. Access Date. (if required) 1. Ed Folsom, Kenneth Price, eds. Walt Whitman Archive, University of Nebraska, 2009, Last name, First name or Organization. Title of Web Page. Publishing organization or Name of Web Site. Publication date (if available). Web Address. Access Date. (if required) Folsom, Ed and Kenneth Price, eds. Walt Whitman Archive, Univeristy of Nebraska, Online Media 1. Firstname Lastname of Performer, Writer or Creator (if verified), Title of Text, [Medium], Running Time, Retrieval Date, URL. 1. Joan Tak a ym a-ogawa and Jeanne Willette, What is Information Literacy, YouTube video, 10:00, December 17, 2007, Lastname, Firstname of Performer, Writer or Creator. Title of Text. Medium, Running Time. Publication Date. URL. Takayma -Ogawa, Joan and Jeanne Willette. What is Information Literacy. YouTube video, 10:00. December 17,

9 24. Podcast #. Performer First name Last name, Writer or Creator. Title of Media, Format, Title of Source, Medium, Running Time, Date, URL. 1. Ben Curtis and Marina Diez, Heading to the Costa de la Luz - Notes from Spain Podcast 71, podcast audio, Notes from Spain: Travel-Life-Culture, MP3, 27:8, accessed March 30, 2009, costa-de-la-luz-notes-from-spain-podcast-71/. Performer Last name, First name, Writer or Creator. Title of Media, Format, Title of Source, Medium, Running Time, Date, URL. Curtis, Ben and Marina Diez. Heading to the Costa de la Luz - Notes from Spain Podcast 71. Podcast audio. Notes from Spain: Travel-Life-Culture. MP3, 27:8. Accessed March 30, costa-de-la-luz-notes-from-spain-podcast-71/. 25. Blog Blogs are usually cited as notes. However, if you frequently cite it in your paper, you may want to include it in your bibliography as well. #. Title of Entry, Name of Blog, comment posted Date, Web Address (Access Date). 1. Maud Newton, C.S. Lewis and the Angel and Devil on Your Shoulder, Maud Newton (blog), July 7, 2009 (8:00am), (July 22, 2009). Name of Blog, Web Address Maud Newton, For further examples, please refer to the following: Print Guide: Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed. (REF Z253.U ) Helpful Online Resources: The Chicago Manual of Style Online. Owl Purdue Online Writing Lab. 9