INTRODUCTION TABLE OF CONTENTS

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2 Writing Guide 2 INTRODUCTION This writing guide is designed to give Fatima s teachers in all subject areas one standard set of guidelines when teaching writing in their respective content areas. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 3... Osage R-III Communication Arts Writing Scope and Sequence Page 4... Writing Scoring Guide Page 5... Constructed Response Questions Page 6... Business Letter Sample Page 7... Personal Business Letter Sample Page 8... Memorandum Sample Page 9... Resume Cover Letter Outline Page Resume Outline Page Bibliography Formats (MLA Style) Page MLA Citation of Electronic Sources Page Sample First Page of an Essay MLA Style Page Sample First Page of a Works Cited Page MLA Style Page Osage R-III Editing Symbols

3 Writing Guide 3 OSAGE R-III SCHOOL DISTRICT COMMUNICATION ARTS WRITING SCOPE & SEQUENCE WRITING SCOPE & SEQUENCE K Writes words and basic sentences/ideas with assistance 1 Write 1 paragraph, including multiple types, especially personal narrative 2 Write 2 paragraphs, including an introduction and body 3 Write 2-3 paragraphs Personal Narrative (include introduction, body, and conclusion) 4 Write 2-3 paragraphs Multiple types of essays 5 Write 3-4 paragraphs Multiple types of essays 6 Write 3-4 paragraphs Multiple types of essays, including a thesis statement 7 Write 4-5 paragraphs Expository Essay 8 Write 4-5 paragraphs Expository and Persuasive 9 Write 5 paragraphs Multiple types of essays with focus on persuasive 10 Write 5 paragraphs Persuasive 11 Write 5 paragraphs Persuasive

4 Mechanics Content Format Writing Guide 4 WRITING SCORING GUIDE Element Grading Criteria Points Received Total Points Double-spaced, indented paragraphs w/correct space between paragraphs Header: Upper right-hand corner, last name, page heading if applicable: See MLA format Font: Arial/TNR, 12 pt One inch margins /14 Title catchy and creative Introductory paragraph that catches the reader s attention (anecdote, quote, etc.) and thesis statement Thesis statement identifies main idea of paper Body with three to five paragraphs that clearly addresses the topic and provides convincing elaboration through specific and relevant details, reasons, and examples Concluding paragraph that refers back to attention catcher and restates the thesis Avoid the use of the second person (you, your, etc.) (Insert assignment specific criteria) /66 Contains few errors in grammar/usage, punctuation, capitalization, and/or spelling 2 pts. per error /20 TOTAL /100

5 Writing Guide 5 CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE QUESTIONS There are two parts to answering a constructed response question. Part I should first repeat the question in the response and then answer the question in the student s own words. Part II should provide a reason or back up with evidence what the student said in Part I. Part II should basically tell the reader why the student thought what he or she did. The student should pull out a direct quotation from the reading or situation to provide the most powerful evidence. There may be multiple parts to the question. The student needs to be sure to answer all parts of the question. The paragraphs of the response should be indented. Example of a Constructed Response Question: Who is the tragic hero of Shakespeare s Julius Caesar? Prove with evidence from the play why the character you choose is the tragic hero. Example of a Constructed Response Answer: Brutus is the tragic hero of Shakespeare s Julius Caesar because he possesses many of the qualities of a tragic hero. First, a tragic hero is a man of great promise and ability. Brutus certainly has great promise and ability because he is a powerful senator in Rome who is well-liked and respected by the Roman people and who has the ability to bring about many positive changes for the people of Rome. In addition, Brutus, like all tragic heroes, is involved in making lots of critical choices throughout the course of the play. In the play Julius Caesar, Brutus makes the following critical decisions: he decides to join the conspiracy to kill Caesar, he decides not to kill Antony along with Caesar, he decides to let Antony speak at Caesar s funeral, he makes the decision to march his and Cassius s armies to Philippi to fight Antony s army, he gives the orders to Cassius s army to attack too early, and he decides to commit suicide in the end rather than be a captive of Antony s. Finally, like all tragic heroes, Brutus dies at the end of the play because of his tragic flaw which is that he is too trusting. Had Brutus not trusted Antony and killed him along with Caesar, Antony could not have fired up the people, created a civil war in Rome, and gotten revenge on Brutus, Cassius, and the rest of the conspirators.

6 Writing Guide 6 BUSINESS LETTER SAMPLE Top Margin: 2 Side Margins: 1 Current Date (QS) Ms. Terra Green 1923 Deserama Circle Cottonwood, AZ Dear Ms. Green This letter is keyed in block style with open punctuation. All lines, including the date, inside address, salutation, and closing begin at the left margin. A double space is left between all letter parts except before the inside address and the writer s name, where a quadruple space (4 returns) will be found. This letter style is to be used for FBLA-PBL competition. Sincerely (QS) Barbara Small Director of Education xx Enclosure

7 Writing Guide 7 PERSONAL BUSINESS LETTER SAMPLE Top Margin: 2 Side Margins: Association Drive Reston, VA Current Date (QS) Ms. Terra Green 1923 Deserama Circle Cottonwood, AZ Dear Ms. Green This letter represents an acceptable format for a personal business letter. As you can see, the format is identical to a business letter keyed in block style with open punctuation. However, what makes this letter different is that the writer s address is included in the closing lines. Additionally, reference initials are not included. Sincerely (QS) Barbara Small

8 Writing Guide 8 MEMORANDUM SAMPLE TO: FBLA-PBL Competitors FROM: Judging Committee DATE: Current SUBJECT: Formatting a Standard Memorandum When formatting a standard memorandum, use a 2-inch top margin. Next, key the heading lines with a double space between each. Note that each heading is typed in ALL CAPS and informational lines are aligned on the left. The subject line should be keyed with initial caps and followed by a double space Paragraphs are aligned at the left margin and are single spaced with a double between each. The competitor should key his/her initials at the left margin a double space below the body of the last paragraph in lowercase letters. If an attachment or enclosure is included, the word Attachment or Enclosure should be keyed at the left margin a double space below the competitor s initials. xx Attachment Top Margin: 2 Side Margins: 1

9 Writing Guide 9 Sample Resume Cover Letter Outline Create letterhead using your name and address John Q. Doe 143 E.Main St., P.O. Box 37 Westphalia, MO Spell out month (QS) Date Begin your letter with the name, and business address of the person to whom you are writing. Joan C. Bish JCB Enterprises 123 Money Blvd. Jefferson City, MO Salutation Paragraph one should include your objective. Paragraph two should include your qualifications. Paragraph three should include/invite further communication. Complimentary close (QS) Sign your name Type your name Enclosure Dear (Mr., Ms., Miss, Mrs. plus last name) Sincerely (Your signature) Your name Enclosure

10 Writing Guide 10 Resume Worksheet Your name Your address City / state / zip code Telephone: home and, if appropriate, cell, as well as address. Contact Information Include your career objective List special qualifications relevant to job or career field (Machines, software, typing speed, etc.) Name / Address of Colleges & High School and Date of Graduation List employment in reverse chronological order. Give names and addresses of employers, dates of employment. Use verbs to list job duties. Include clubs, organizations, special awards, etc. Career Objective Qualifications/Skills Education Work Experience Activities List at least three including Name Position Company Work Address Work Phone/Home Phone References

11 Writing Guide 11 BIBLIOGRAPHY FORMATS A bibliography is vital information needed when documenting a reference. Bibliographies are produced to avoid plagiarism, which is the copying of another s work. There are three forms of bibliographies used in the English language. These forms are MLA (Modern Language Association of America), APA (American Psychological Association), and Chicago Style. Fatima High School prefers to use the MLA format. This will be the format described below. Here are some websites that will give additional information about the styles of bibliographies available. APA: Chicago Style: MLA: MLA Format Works Cited Page: Basic Format According to MLA style, you must have a Works Cited page at the end of your research paper. Works Cited page preparation and formatting is covered in chapter 5 of the MLA Handbook, and chapter 6 of the MLA Style Manual. All entries in the Works Cited page must correspond to the works cited in your main text. Basic Rules Begin your Works Cited page on a separate page at the end of your research paper. It should have the same one-inch margins and last name, page number header as the rest of your paper. Label the page Works Cited (do not underline the words Works Cited or put them in quotation marks) and center the words Works Cited at the top of the page. Double space all citations, with the same double space between entries. Alphabetize Works Cited entries by the first letter of each entry. The first line of each entry starts flush with the left margin. Indent the subsequent line or lines one-half inch from the left margin.

12 Writing Guide 12 Capitalization and Punctuation Capitalize each word in the titles of articles, books, etc, but do not capitalize articles, short prepositions, or conjunctions unless one is the first word of the title or subtitle: Gone with the Wind, The Art of War, There Is Nothing Left to Lose Use italics or underlining for titles of larger works (books, magazines). Choose one and follow it consistently throughout the paper. This writing guide will show all citations in italics. Use quotation marks for titles of shorter works (poems, articles). Listing Author Names Entries are listed by author name (or, for entire edited collections, editor names). Author names are written last name first; middle names or middle initials follow the first name: Burke, Kenneth Levy, David M. Wallace, David Foster Do not list titles (Dr., Sir, Saint, etc.) or degrees (PhD, MA, DDS, etc.) with names. A book listing an author named "John Bigbrain, PhD" appears simply as "Bigbrain, John"; do, however, include suffixes like "Jr." or "II." Putting it all together, a work by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. would be cited as "King, Martin Luther, Jr.," with the suffix following the first or middle name and a comma. For additional information on handling names, consult section 3.8 of The MLA Handbook and sections and 3.6 of the MLA Style Manual. The following entries provide examples of citations in MLA format: Book Single Author: Author s name, title of the book, publication information. Example: Kaku, Michio. Hyperspace: A Scientific Odyssey through Parallel Universe, Time Warps, and the Tenth Dimension. New York: UP, 1994.

13 Writing Guide 13 Two or More Books by the Same Author: Author s name, and after that in place of the author s name type 3 hyphens followed by a period and the title. (Works listed under the same name are alphabetized by title.) Example: Borroff, Marie. Language and the Past: Verbal Artistry in Frost, Stevens, and Moore. Chicago: U of Chicago P, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. New York: Norton, A Book by Two or More Authors: Authors names in the same order as on the title page, reverse only the name of the first author, add a comma, give the other name or names normal form, place a period after the last name, title of the book followed by a period, place of publication, date. Example: Jakobson, Roman, and Linda R. Waugh. The Sound Shape of Language. Bloomington: Indiana UP, Two or More Books by the Same Authors: Authors names and after that in place of the names type three hyphens followed by a period and the title, place of publication by a colon. Example: Durant, Will, and Ariel Durant. The Age of Voltaire. New York: Simon, A Dual Autobiography. New York: Simon, Article Reference Book: If the article is signed, give the author first; if it is unsigned, give the title first. List only the edition and year of publication. Example: Azimuthal Equidistant Projection. Merriam-Webster s Collegiate Dictionary. 10 th ed

14 Writing Guide 14 Newspaper: Author s name, article title, newspaper title, complete date (abbreviate all months except May, June, and July), specify edition (late ed., or natl. ed.), page numbers. Example: Feder, Barnaby J. For Job Seekers, a Toll-free Gift of Expert Advice. New York Times 30 Dec. 1993, late ed.: D1. Magazine: Author s name, article title, magazine title, complete date (begin with day and abbreviate month), page numbers. Example: Bazell, Robert. Science and Society: Growth Industry. New Republic 15 Mar. 1993: Poem or Short Story Author s name, title of poem or short story, book title, place and year of publication. Example: Nesbit, Edith. Marching Song. Ballads and Lyrics of Socialism. London, Editorial Author s name, editorial title, label it editorial, newspaper title, date (day, month, year), page number. Example: Nage, Roy. Defining Future Just Beginning. Editorial. Prince George Cititzen 30 October 2000: 4. This is not a comprehensive list of how to cite print sources. For other examples see the following: Gibaldi, Joseph, ed. The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 6 th ed. New York: MLA, 2003.

15 Writing Guide 15 MLA Format of Electronic Sources Some Tips on Handling Electronic Sources It is always a good idea to maintain personal copies of electronic information, when possible. It is good practice to print or save Web pages or, better, using a program like Adobe Acrobat, to keep your own copies for future reference. Most Web browsers will include URL/electronic address information when you print, which makes later reference easy. Also learn to use the Bookmark function in your Web browser. Basic Style for Citations of Electronic Sources Here are some common features you should try and find before citing electronic sources in MLA style. Always include as much information as is available/applicable: Author and/or editor names Name of the database, or title of project, book, article Any version numbers available Date of version, revision, or posting Publisher information Date you accessed the material Electronic address, printed between carets <, >. Web Sources Web sites (in MLA style, the "W" in Web is capitalized, and "Web site" or "Web sites" are written as two words) and Web pages are arguably the most commonly cited form of electronic resource today. Below are a variety of Web sites and pages you might need to cite. The following entries provide examples of citations of electronic sources in MLA format: An Entire Web Site Basic format: Name of Site. Name of the editor of the site (if given). Date of Posting/Revision. Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sometimes found in copyright statements). Date you accessed the site <electronic address>. It is necessary to list your date of access because web postings are often updated, and information available on one date may no longer be available later. Be sure to include the complete address for the site. Here are some examples:

16 Writing Guide 16 Felluga, Dino. Guide to Literary and Critical Theory. 28 Nov Purdue University. 10 May 2006 < The Purdue OWL Family of Sites. 26 Aug The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. 23 April 2006 < For course or department websites, include "Course home page" or "Dept. home page" after the name of the professor or department and before the institution's name, followed by the date of access and URL. English. Dept. home page. Purdue University. 31 May 2007 < Felluga, Dino. Survey of the Literature of England. Course home page. Aug Dec. Long URLs Dept. of English, Purdue University. 31 May 2007 < URLs that won't fit on one line of your Works Cited list should be broken at slashes, when possible. Some Web sites have unusually long URLs that would be virtually impossible to retype; others use frames, so the URL appears the same for each page. To address this problem, either refer to a site's search URL, or provide the path to the resource from an entry page with an easier URL. Begin the path with the word Path followed by a colon, followed by the name of each link, separated by a semicolon. For example, the Amazon.com URL for customer privacy and security information is < tg/browse/-/551434/ >, so we'd need to simplify the citation: Amazon.com. "Privacy and Security." 22 May 2006 < Path: Help; Privacy & Security. A Page on a Web Site For an individual page on a Web site, list the author or alias if known, followed by the information covered above for entire Web sites. Make sure the URL points to the exact page you are referring to, or the entry or home page for a collection of pages you're referring to:

17 Writing Guide 17 "Caret." Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. 28 April May 2006 < "How to Make Vegetarian Chili." ehow.com. 10 May 2006 < how_10727_make-vegetarian-chili.html>. Stolley, Karl. "MLA Formatting and Style Guide." The OWL at Purdue. 10 May Purdue University Writing Lab. 12 May 2006 < Note: Individuals using Wikipedia should use the "cite this article" link located in the "toolbox" area on the right side of the navigation. The link will provide a stable URL that wikipedia recommends using when citing. An Image, Including a Painting, Sculpture, or Photograph For works housed outside of an online home, include the artist's name, the year the work was created, and the institution (e.g., a gallery or museum) that houses it (if applicable), followed by the city where it is located. Include the complete information for the site where you found the image, including the date of access. In this first example, the image was found on the Web site belonging to the work's home museum: Goya, Francisco. The Family of Charles IV Museo del Prado, Madrid. 22 May 2006 < In this next example, the owner of the online site for the image is different than the image's home museum: Klee, Paul. Twittering Machine Museum of Modern Art, New York. The Artchive. "Klee: Twittering Machine." 22 May 2006 < klee/twittering_machine.jpg.html>. For other images, cite as you would any other Web page, but make sure you're crediting the original creator of the image. Here's an example from Webshots.com, an online photo-sharing site ("brandychloe" is a username):

18 Writing Guide 18 brandychloe. Great Horned Owl Family. 22 May 2006 < 47/7/17/41/ bgVWdN_fs.jpg>. The above example links directly to the image; but we could also provide the user's profile URL, and give the path for reaching the image, e.g. brandychloe. Great Horned Owl Family. 22 May 2006 < Path: Albums; birds; great horned owl family. Doing so helps others verify information about the images creator, where as linking directly to an image file, like a JPEG (.jpg) may make verification difficult or impossible. An Article in a Web Magazine Author(s). "Title of Article." Title of Online Publication. Date of Publication. Date of Access <electronic address>. Example: Bernstein, Mark. "10 Tips on Writing The Living Web." A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites. No. 149 (16 Aug. 2002). 4 May 2006 < An Article in an Online Scholarly Journal Online scholarly journals are treated different from online magazines. First, you must include volume and issue information, when available. Also, some electronic journals and magazines provide paragraph or page numbers; again, include them if available. Wheelis, Mark. "Investigating Disease Outbreaks Under a Protocol to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention." Emerging Infectious Diseases 6.6 (2000): 33 pars. 8 May 2006 <

19 Writing Guide 19 An Article from an Electronic Subscription Service When citing material accessed via an electronic subscription service (e.g., a database or online collection your library subscribes to), cite the relevant publication information as you would for a periodical (author, article title, periodical title, and volume, date, and page number information) followed by the name of the database or subscription collection, the name of the library through which you accessed the content, including the library's city and state, plus date of access. If a URL is available for the home page of the service, include it. Do not include a URL to the article itself, because it is not openly accessible. For example: Grabe, Mark. "Voluntary Use of Online Lecture Notes: Correlates of Note Use and Note Use as an Alternative to Class Attendance." Computers and Education 44 (2005): ScienceDirect. Purdue U Lib., West Lafayette, IN. 28 May 2006 < or Other Personal Communication Author. "Title of the message (if any)." to person's name. Date of the message. This same format may be used for personal interviews or personal letters. These do not have titles, and the description should be appropriate. Instead of " to John Smith," you would have "Personal interview." to You: Kunka, Andrew. "Re: Modernist Literature." to the author. 15 Nov Communication Between Two Parties, Not Including the Author: Neyhart, David. "Re: Online Tutoring." to Joe Barbato. 1 Dec A Listserv or Discussion List Posting Author. "Title of Posting." Online posting. Date when material was posted (for example: 18 Mar. 1998). Name of listserv. Date of access <electronic address for retrieval>.

20 Writing Guide 20 If the listserv does not have an open archive, or an archive that is open to subscribers only (e.g., a password-protected list archive), give the URL for the membership or subscription page of the listserv. Discussion Board/Forum Posting If an author name is not available, use the username for the post. cleaner416. "Add [<b>[</b> Tags to Selected Text in a Textarea" Online posting. 8 Dec Javascript Development. 3 Mar < javascript-development-115/add-b-b-tags-to-selected-text-in-a-textarea html>. Weblog Postings MLA does not yet have any official rules for citing blog entries or comments. But as the technology becomes more widely used for academic discussions, you may find yourself referencing blogs more often. If you are drawing on a blog as a source, make sure you consider the credibility of the weblog site and/or the author of the posting or comment. Also, check with your instructor or editor to see what their stance is on incorporating evidence from blog entries. If you decide to use blogs, we suggest the following for how you would cite blog entries and comments depending on the author or sponsor of the weblog. Citing Personal Weblog Entries List the author of the blog (even if there is only a screen name available), provide the name of the particular entry you are referring to, identify that it is a weblog entry and then follow the basic formatting for a website as listed above. Last Name, First. "Title of Entry." Weblog Entry. Title of Weblog. Date Posted. Date Accessed (URL). NOTE: Give the exact date of the posted entry so your readers can look it up by date in the archive. If possible, include the archive address for the posted entry as the URL in your citation as you would for an online forum. If the site doesn't have a public archive, follow the suggestion under "Listserv" citation above. Hawhee, Debra. "Hail, Speech!" Weblog entry. Blogos. 30 April May 2007 <

21 Writing Guide 21 Citing Entries on Organizational or Corporate Weblogs/Blogs List as you would for a personal blog, but include the corporation or organization that sponsors the weblog. Bosworth, Adam. "Putting Health into the Patient's Hands." Weblog entry. The Official Google Blog. 23 May Google, Inc. 27 May 2007 < Citing Comments Posted to a Weblog Follow the same basic format for blog entries, but identify that the posting is a comment and not an orginial blog entry by the organization or weblog author. Also refer to the screen name that appears as the author of the comment, even if that author is anonymous. Screen Name. "Comment Title." Weblog comment. Date Comment Posted. "Title of Blog Entry." Author of Blog Entry. Title of Weblog. Date Accessed (URL). Anonymous. "The American Jew and the Diversity Debate." Weblog comment. 21 May "Imagining Jewishness." Monica Osborne. Jewcy. 23 May 2007 < NOTE: Some weblog sites don't require titles for comments, so you should just list the first few words of the comment itself to provide enough identifying information for the comment. E!. "Perhaps ironically..." Weblog comment. 30 April "Hail, Speech!" Debra Hawhee. Blogos. 30 April 2007 < An Article or Publication in Print and Electronic Form If you're citing an article or a publication that was originally issued in print form but that you retrieved from an online database that your library subscribes to, you should provide enough information so that the reader can locate the article either

22 Writing Guide 22 in its original print form or retrieve it from the online database (if they have access). Provide the following information in your citation: Author's name (if not available, use the article title as the first part of the citation) Article Title Periodical Name Publication Date Page Number/Range Database Name Service Name Name of the library where or through which the service was accessed Name of the town/city where service was accessed Date of Access URL of the service (but not the whole URL for the article, since those are usually very long and won't be easily re-used by someone trying to retrieve the information) Basic Format: Author. "Title of Article." Periodical Name Volume Number (if necessary) Publication Date: page number-page number. Database name. Service name. Library Name, City, State. Date of access <electronic address of the database>. Example: Smith, Martin. "World Domination for Dummies." Journal of Despotry Feb. 2000: Expanded Academic ASAP. Gale Group Databases. Purdue University Libraries, West Lafayette, IN. 19 Feb < Article in a Database on CD-ROM "World War II." Encarta. CD-ROM. Seattle: Microsoft, Article From a Periodically Published CD-ROM Reed, William. "Whites and the Entertainment Industry." Tennessee Tribune 25 Dec. 1996: 28. Ethnic NewsWatch. CD-ROM. Data Technologies, Feb This resource was written by Jennifer Liethen Kunka and Joe Barbato; additional revision by Dave Neyhart and Erin E. Karper. Additional material by Kristen Seas; last full revision by Karl Stolley and Kristen Seas.; last edited by Allen Brizee on February 26th 2008 at 4:47PM <

23 FIRST PAGE OF AN ESSAY IN MLA FORMAT Writing Guide 23 The first page of your essay in MLA format should look like the following example: This example was taken from the following: Gibaldi, Joseph, ed. The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 6 th ed. New York: MLA, 2003.

24 WORKS CITED PAGE IN MLA FORMAT Writing Guide 24 The Works Cited page of your essay in MLA format should look like the following example: This example was taken from the following: Gibaldi, Joseph, ed. The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 6 th ed. New York: MLA, 2003.

25 Writing Guide 25 OSAGE R-3 SCHOOL DISTRICT EDITING SYMBOLS SYMBOL MEANING EXAMPLE to ^ insert (add) They walked ^ school. capitalize United states # # ^ separate letters They wentto work. ^. add a period The dog ran home. / lower case The Boy smiled. sp sp misspelled word I wrote a leter. new paragraph (indent)... came home. Then move delete (omit) Switch (transpose) They went later to school. He did did his work. They went the to school. NC not clear Today they are walking. NC NS with brackets sentence fragment NS around fragment [When he comes.] RO with = at run-on sentence We baked a cake it got Problem (Separate ideas put together) slightly overdone. usg usg usage error There books fell. usg He don t run well. add quotations Hello. Sam said.