How do I Compile a Bibliography According to APA?

Transcription

1 How do I Compile a Bibliography According to APA? Introduction The APA style is often used when writing research papers and documenting information sources in the sciences and social sciences. APA stands for the American Psychological Association. It is highly recommended to consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed., 2010 for additional information on the APA style. A copy is located in your campus library. Reference List Formatting Guidelines Some important formatting guidelines include: Entitle the reference page References (centered) Arrange references alphabetically by the surname of the first author or the corporate author (if no author is provided, move the title into the author position) Provide a hanging indent for each reference entry Double-space the reference list Reference List Sources used for the report or essay are provided in the APA References list. Some examples as to how to format commonly used references are provided below. Carefully note the use of punctuation (i.e. commas, periods), capitalization and italicization. Consult library staff and the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed., 2010, for additional reference examples and rules. Please note: In order to save space, the examples in this document have been formatted with single spacing. The sample reference list (page 6) shows the correct use of double-spaced citations. Library Services

2 Books - Print and Electronic Format Books Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Location: Publisher. One Author Hosseini, K. (2004). The kite runner. Toronto, ON: Anchor Canada. Two-Seven Authors More Than Seven Authors Edited Book Doob, A. N., & Cesaroni, C. (2004). Responding to youth crime in Canada. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press. Midgley, C., Maehr, M. L., Hruda, L., Anderman, E. M., Freeman, K. E., Gheen, M.,... Urdan, T. (2000). Manual for the patterns of adaptive learning scales (PALS). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan. Merrian, S. B., & Cunningham, P. M. (Eds.). (1989). Handbook of adult and continuing education. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Article or Chapter in Edited Book Pearson, N. (1967). From villages to cities. In J. M. S. Careless, & R. C. Brown (Eds.), The Canadians (pp ). Toronto, ON: MacMillan. Encyclopedia Entry Faber, B. L. (2003). Grasshopper. In World book encyclopedia (Vol. 8, pp ). Chicago, IL: World Book. Internet Resources Format Website Website of an Organization or Government Website (no author, no date) Author, A. A., (Date of publication). Title of web page. Retrieved from <web page URL> American Kennel Club. (1994, March 31). AKC meet the breeds: Labrador retriever. Retrieved from Egyptian cobra. (n.d.). Retrieved from Egyptian-Cobra /3252 Podcast Message Posted on an Electronic Mailing List Online Video PowerPoint Presentation Van Nuys, D. (Producer). (2011, June 17). Shrink rap radio [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from Davison, J. (2002, May 13). Techniques for an effective interview. Message posted to Tel-Links electronic mailing list, archived at Takayama-Ogawa, J., & Willette, J. (2007, March 14). What is information literacy? [Video file]. Retrieved from Hollinger, F. (2008). Rural and agricultural finance in Tajikistan: Current status, challenges and perspectives [Presentation slides]. Retrieved from 5e6a- YTI4M/Rural_and_Agricultural_Finance_in_Tajikistan_flash_ppt_presentation NSCC Library Services, July 2012 Page 2

3 Brochures Print Brochure Electronic Brochure Royal Canadian Mounted Police. (2010). Crime prevention tips for homeowners [Brochure]. Nanaimo, BC: Author. South Dakota Office of Tourism. (2007). Meeting planners guide [Brochure]. Retrieved from Periodical Articles - Print and Electronic Format - Electronic Format with DOI Author, A. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Online Periodical, volume number(issue number). Retrieved from Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), page range. doi: / Print Magazine Article (with volume) Kiser, K. (1999, May). What keeps you up at night? Training, 55(2), Print Magazine Article (no volume) Pareles, J. (2011, May 26). What makes a great Bob Dylan song? Rolling Stone, (1131), Print Newspaper Article (with author) McKenna, B. (2011, July 4). Newfoundland pulls ahead of Maritimes with oil and mining boom. The Globe and Mail, p. B1-B2. Print Newspaper Article (no author) Electronic Article in an NSCC Database (with DOI) Electronic Article in an NSCC Database (no DOI) Electronic Article in Internet-only Journal Province pulls plug on toxic hotel bill. (1999, June 15). Chronicle Herald, pp. A1, A5. Verner, L. A., & Holmes, S. B. (2010). A review of the interaction between forest birds and eastern spruce budworm. Environmental Reviews, 18(1), doi: /A Pelchat, A. (2005, June/July). The amazing grace of the Acadians. Canada s History, 85(3), Retrieved from Helton, R., & Esrock, S. (1998, April/May). Positioning and marketing academic libraries to students. MLS: Marketing Library Services, 12(3). Retrieved from The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is an alpha-numeric code assigned to peer-reviewed articles. It provides a persistent link to the location of the article on the Internet. If a DOI is provided, provide the DOI in the retrieval statement as seen in the example above. If a DOI is not provided, provide the URL of the journal s homepage as seen in the example above. NSCC Library Services, July 2012 Page 3

4 Audiovisual Media (Includes Motion Pictures, Audio/Television Broadcasts, Maps, Artwork or photographs) Motion Picture (Videos) Grazer, B. (Producer), & Howard, R. (Director). (2006). A beautiful mind [Motion Picture]. United States: Universal Studios. Television Broadcast Smith, J. D. (Executive Producer). (2000, June 21). 60 minutes [Television broadcast]. New York, NY: CBS. Television Series Hancock, T. (Producer). (1992). Seeing things [Television series]. Toronto, ON: CBC. Television Series Single Episode Halley, J. (Writer), & Johnson, F. (Director). (2000). Air traffic control [Television series episode]. In J. Lieberman (Producer), The news hour. New York, NY: American Broadcast Company. Audio Recording Makris, C. (Speaker). (1991). Life lessons [Cassette recording]. Houston, TX: American Society of Public Speaking. Map (Online) Natural Resources Canada (Cartographer). (2011). Significant earthquakes of the 20 th century. [Intensity map]. Retrieved from Map Single Map Bujak, J. P., & Donohoe, H. V. (1980). Geological highway map of Nova Scotia [Geology map]. 1:633,600. Halifax, NS: Atlantic Geoscience Society. Map Single Map in Series Natural Resources Canada. Centre for Topographic Information. (1999). Wolfe Island, Canada, United States of America [Topographic map]. Edition 9. 1:50,000. NTS sheet 31 C/1. Ottawa, ON: Natural Resources Canada Work of Art Thomson, T. (1915). Fire-swept hills [Painting]. The Hudson s Bay Company Gallery, Toronto, ON. Image from Online Source Nishinaga, S. (2007). Small intestine blood vessels [Image]. Retrieved from Photograph (in book) Clark, E. (Photographer). (2002). Bicycle Champion. In B. London, J. Upton, K. Kobre, & B. Brill, Photography, (7 th ed.), (p.262). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Photograph (Online) Vernon, T. (Photographer). (2009). Magnolia tree, Middleton [Photograph]. Retrieved from NSCC Library Services, July 2012 Page 4

5 In-Text Citations APA uses the author-date method of citation which identifies the author s surname and date of the publication. Each reference cited in-text must appear in the Reference list with the exception of personal communications ( , memos or private letters) and classical works. Personal communications appear in-text only as seen in the example below. They do not require an entry in the reference list. Consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed., 2010, for additional in-text examples and rules. Examples of In-text Citations Direct Quotation 1 Author (O Connor, 1999, p. 117) Indirect Quotation 2 Authors (Brannigan & Zwerman, 2001) First Citation with 3-5 Authors Subsequent Citations with 3-5 Authors (Mitchell, McInnis & Brennan, 2011) (Mitchell et al., 2011) First Citation with 6 or More Authors Subsequent Citations with 6 or More Authors (Brennan et al., 2010) (Brennan et al., 2010) Organization as Author (World Wildlife Federation, 2010) No Author (Books, Brochures and Reports) (Use name of brochure, book, report) (Eating Healthy, 2009) No Author (Chapters, Articles, or Web Pages) (Use first few words of chapter, article, web page) ( How Plants, 2006) Anonymous Author (Anonymous, 2007) Direct Quote Web Page (American Kennel Club, 1994, para. 2) Personal Communication (Private letters, Memos, ) Reference list entry not required (K.L. Brennan, personal communication, June 28, 2011 NSCC Library Services, July 2012 Page 5

6 Sample References Page TITLE OF PAPER 10 References Bujak, J. P., & Donohoe, H. V. (1980). Geological highway map of Nova Scotia [Geology map]. 1:633,600. Halifax, NS: Atlantic Geoscience Society. Doob, A. N., & Cesaroni, C. (2004). Responding to youth crime in Canada. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press. Egyptian cobra. (n.d.). Retrieved from Egyptian-Cobra /3252 Faber, B. L. (2003). Grasshopper. In World book encyclopedia (Vol. 8, pp ). Chicago, IL: World Book. Grazer, B. (Producer), & Howard, R. (Director). (2006). A beautiful mind [Motion Picture]. United States: Universal Studios. Helton, R., & Esrock, S. (1998, April/May). Positioning and marketing academic libraries to students. MLS: Marketing Library Services, 12(3). Retrieved from /mls/apr98/mls-cont.htm Hosseini, K. (2004). The kite runner. Toronto, ON: Anchor Canada. McKenna, B. (2011, July 4). Newfoundland pulls ahead of Maritimes with oil and mining boom. The Globe and Mail, p. B1-B2. Province pulls plug on toxic hotel bill. (1999, June 15). Chronicle Herald, pp. A1, A5. Verner, L. A., & Holmes, S. B. (2010). A review of the interaction between forest birds and eastern spruce budworm. Environmental Reviews, 18(1), doi: /A NSCC Library Services, July 2012 Page 6