Publication patterns in HEP computing
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1 Publication patterns in HEP computing M. G. Pia 1, T. Basaglia 2, Z. W. Bell 3, P. V. Dressendorfer 4 1 INFN Genova, Genova, Italy 2 CERN, Geneva, Switzerland 3 ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN, USA 4 IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA CHEP 212, NYC Maria Grazia Pia, INFN Genova 1
2 Analysis topics! General tools Geant4 ROOT! HEP experiments LEP ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, OPAL BaBar LHC ALICE, ATLAS, CMS, LHCb, TOTEM! Grid computing LCG! What they publish! How much! Where! Citations! Technology vs physics! Software vs hardware! Software/DAQ-trigger Maria Grazia Pia, INFN Genova 2
3 Data sources! Thomson-Reuters: ISI Web of Knowledge CERN subscription: since 197, conference database not included Search by keywords, collaboration name! Journal web sites IEEE TNS NIM, Comp. Phys. Comm. (Elsevier) JINST (IOP/SISSA) Full-text searches! CERN databases CERN Document System Greybook! Years: (LEP), (BaBar, LHC) Reproducible sample Maria Grazia Pia, INFN Genova 3
4 Data sample! Contamination Non-pertinent entries in the data sample! Omission Pertinent papers are not included in the data sample Cross-checks WoS/CDS, WoS/publishers web sites! WoS inconsistencies and errors Total number of citations includes Conference database Proceedings papers: false classifications and omissions Manually corrected whenever possible! Automated analysis (whenever possible)! Manual evaluation: abstracts and full-text papers Some degree of subjectivity Maria Grazia Pia, INFN Genova 4
5 S. Agostinelli et al. Geant4: a simulation toolkit, vol. 56, no. 3, pp , 23 Most cited CERN publication in WoS (excluding Rev. Part. Properties) J. Allison et al. Geant4 Developments and Applications IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., vol. 53, no. 1, pp , 26 Many papers cite the NIM paper, but they omit citing the TNS one, even though both are indicated in Many papers that use Geant4 do not cite either reference 2934 citations (14 May 212) 226 citations excluding proceedings 574 citations (14 May 212) 381 citations excluding proceedings Citation analysis: until 211 (reproducibility) Maria Grazia Pia, INFN Genova 5
6 5 Geant4 NIM Geant4 TNS Born from LHC experimental requirements Multidisciplinary sources of citations Geant4 NIM: Citing Journals Citations Year TNS Phys. Rev. Lett. Med. Phys. Phys. Med. Biol. Phys. Rev. C NIM B JINST Astrop. Phys. J. Phys. G Appl. Radiat. Isot. Radiat. Meas. J. Korean Phys. Soc. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 3% Physics 75% citations (plot) Citations BaBar ATLAS CMS LHCb HARP CDF LUNA MiniBooNE N TOF BES III JET EFDA ALICE ISOLDE G4 NIM: Citing Collaborations Citations LHC HEP Other 16% citations (plot) 19% citations from collaborations Maria Grazia Pia, INFN Genova 6
7 R. Brun and F. Rademakers ROOT - An object oriented data analysis framework, vol. 389, no. 1-2, pp , 1997 AIHENP Workshop proceedings paper 54 citations (14 May 212) 347 citations excluding proceedings I. Antcheva et al. ROOT - A C++ framework for petabyte data storage, statistical analysis and visualization Comp. Phys Comm., vol. 18, no. 12, pp , citations (14 May 212) 2 citations excluding proceedings Citation analysis: until 211 (reproducibility) Maria Grazia Pia, INFN Genova 7
8 6 5 ROOT Proc. ROOT CPC ROOT Proc.: Citing Journals Astropart. Phys. Lect. Notes Comp. NIM B Med. Phys. Phys. Med. Biol. JINST Phys. Rev. C Comp. Phys. Comm. TNS 75% citations Citations Field of citing journals Geant4 % ROOT % Technology Physics BioMedical Maria Grazia Pia, INFN Genova 8 Citations CMS CDF CLAS D N TOF T2K ATLAS ALICE BABAR RISING R3B PHOBOS KIMS JET-EFDA HADES H1 GLAST D BELLE AUGER Year 8% of all citations from collaborations Citations
9 HEP experiments Start of run LEP: 1989 BaBar: 1999 LHC: 28 LEP ALEPH DELPHI L3 OPAL BaBar LHC ALICE ATLAS CMS LHCb TOTEM Members ALEPH DELPHI Collaboration members Experiment Maria Grazia Pia, INFN Genova 9 L3 OPAL Babar ALICE ATLAS CMS LHCb TOTEM
10 Time distribution Publication year Run start LEP: 1989 BaBar: 1999 LHC: 28 Publications vs operation year All LEP BaBar LHC LEP BaBar LHC Year Year Publication year Rescaled w.r.t. year of start run Maria Grazia Pia, INFN Genova 1
11 Time distribution Run start LEP: 1989 BaBar: 1999 LHC: Publications/member vs. year LEP BaBar LHC Publications/member vs. operation year LEP BaBar LHC Year Same as previous slide, rescaled by the number of experiment members Maria Grazia Pia, INFN Genova 11 Year
12 Publications Share of hardware, software and DAQ-trigger publications general physics hardware DAQ trigger software Publications Technological publications ALEPH DELPHI L3 OPAL Babar ALICE ATLAS Experiment CMS LHCb TOTEM. ALEPH DELPHI L3 OPAL Babar ALICE Experiment ATLAS CMS LHCb TOTEM Maria Grazia Pia, INFN Genova 12
13 Physics publications Physics publications Physics publications/member ALEPH DELPHI L3 OPAL Babar ALICE ATLAS Experiment CMS LHCb TOTEM /members ALEPH DELPHI L3 OPAL Babar ALICE Experiment ATLAS CMS LHCb TOTEM LEP experiments completed their life-cycle LHC experiments: at an early stage of their physics production Maria Grazia Pia, INFN Genova 13
14 Technological publications ALEPH DELPHI Technological publications Software. DAQ trigger Hardware L3 OPAL Babar ALICE ATLAS Experiment CMS LHCb TOTEM /members ALEPH Technological publications/member DELPHI L3 OPAL Babar ALICE ATLAS Experiment Software. DAQ trigger Hardware CMS LHCb TOTEM Roughly constant trends, once the number of publications is normalized to the number of collaborators Maria Grazia Pia, INFN Genova 14
15 Software vs. hardware 1 Hardware/software publications 1 DAQ trigger/software publications 8 8 Ratio 6 4 Ratio ALEPH DELPHI L3 OPAL Babar ALICE ATLAS Experiment CMS LHCb TOTEM 2 ALEPH DELPHI L3 OPAL Babar ALICE ATLAS Experiment CMS LHCb TOTEM Hardware publications: approximately 4 times more than software DAQ-trigger publications: approximately 1.3 times more than software Maria Grazia Pia, INFN Genova 15
16 Journals Nucl. Phys. B Journals Phys. Rev. Lett. Z. Phys. C New J.Phys. EPL Nucl. Phys. B Phys. Rev. Lett. Z. Phys. C New J. Phys EPL Astrop. Phys. Phys. Rep. CPC JINST NIM B IEEE TNS Journal J I N S T N I M A Astrop. Phys. Rep. CPC JINST NIM B TNS hardware DAQ-trigger software Maria Grazia Pia, INFN Genova 16 T N S
17 Journals: LEP and LHC Journals, LEP publications Journals, LHC publications Nucl. Phys. B Phys. Rev. Lett. Z. Phys. C New J. Phys EPL Astrop. Phys. Phys. Rep. CPC JINST NIM B IEEE TNS LEP LHC Nucl. Phys. B Phys. Rev. Lett. Z. Phys. C New J. Phys EPL Astrop. Phys. Phys. Rep. CPC JINST NIM B IEEE TNS 1 Nucl. Phys. B Phys. Rev. Lett. Z. Phys. C New J.Phys. EPL Journal Astrop. Phys. Rep. CPC JINST NIM B TNS Dominated by physics publications Nucl. Phys. B Phys. Rev. Lett. Z. Phys. C New J.Phys. EPL Journal Astrop. Phys. Rep. CPC JINST NIM B TNS Still dominated by technological publications Maria Grazia Pia, INFN Genova 17
18 Journals: pre- and post Journals, publications Nucl. Phys. B Phys. Rev. Lett. Z. Phys. C New J. Phys EPL Astrop. Phys. Phys. Rep. CPC JINST NIM B IEEE TNS Journals, publications since 2 Nucl. Phys. B Phys. Rev. Lett. Z. Phys. C New J. Phys EPL Astrop. Phys. Phys. Rep. CPC JINST NIM B IEEE TNS Nucl. Phys. B Phys. Rev. Lett. Z. Phys. C New J.Phys. EPL Journal Astrop. Phys. Rep. CPC JINST NIM B TNS Journal! IEEE TNS is the most popular journal for HEP technological publications in recent years Nucl. Phys. B Phys. Rev. Lett. Z. Phys. C New J.Phys. EPL Astrop. Phys. Rep. CPC JINST NIM B TNS Maria Grazia Pia, INFN Genova 18
19 Citations The most cited papers are often the general reference papers about the detector published by each experiment Physics Hardware Citations of the most cited paper Citations DAQ trigger Citations Software ALEPH: 34 7 DELPHI: citations: 27% citations: 25% L3: OPAL: BaBar: ALICE: CMS: LHCb: TOTEM: 35 Citations Citations ATLAS: ATLAS pixel detector electronics and sensors: 185 Maria Grazia Pia, INFN Genova citations: 4% 12 citations: 17%
20 References Physics Hardware Physics papers cite more references than technological papers More references more citations Bibliographical entries in software papers are often web sites References DAQ Trigger References References Software References Maria Grazia Pia, INFN Genova 2
21 Pages! The number of pages of a paper depends on the format of the journal Physics Pages Hardware Pages 1 page TNS 2.5 pages JINST DAQ Trigger Software! Different journal formats in the same category! Evolutions of the format of some journals (e.g. NIM) Pages Pages Maria Grazia Pia, INFN Genova 21
22 Sources of citations to physics papers Samples in plots account for >9% of citations DELPHI ALEPH CMS ATLAS Nucl. Phys. B Nucl. Phys. B Proc. Suppl. Phys. Rev. Lett. Phys. Rev. Lett. Acta Phys. Pol. B Phys. Rev. C Z. Phys. C Int. J. Mod. Phys. A Acta Phys. Pol. B LEP Nucl. Phys. A Mod. Phys. Lett. A J. Phys. G Nucl. LHC J. Phys. G Phys. Rep. Mod. Phys. Lett. A Phys. Atom. Nucl. Nucl. Phys. A Int. J. Mod. Phys. A Progr. Theor. Phys. Suppl. New J. Phys. JINST J. Cosm. Astrop. Phys. Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci Citations (%) Citations (%) Citations to HEP physics papers mostly come from journals specialized in HEP and a few related fields (astroparticle and nuclear physics) Maria Grazia Pia, INFN Genova 22
23 Sources of citations to technological papers DELPHI ALEPH CMS ATLAS TNS Nucl. Phys. B Proc. Suppl. Z. Phys. C Comp. Phys. Comm. Nucle. Phys. B Acta Phys. Pol. B Int. J. Mod. Phys. A Phys. Rep. Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. Rev. Mod. Phys. Rep. Prog. Phys. LEP TNS JINST Nucl. Phys. B Proc. Suppl. Comp.Phys. Comm. Int. J. Mod. Phys A LHC Citations (%) Citations (%) Citations from HEP physics and technology journals Maria Grazia Pia, INFN Genova 23
24 More refined analysis of technological papers published since start of LHC run TNS NIM Hardware Software DAQ-trigger Hardware Software Number of papers Number of papers ATLAS CMS LHCb ALICE TOTEM LHC ATLAS CMS LHCb ALICE TOTEM LHC Maria Grazia Pia, INFN Genova 24
25 Number of self-citations Number of self-citations Citations Self-citations Hardware Software DAQ-trigger TNS ATLAS CMS LHCb ALICE TOTEM LHC ATLAS CMS LHCb ALICE TOTEM LHC 8 Hardware Software 8 Hardware Software ATLAS CMS LHCb ALICE TOTEM LHC ATLAS CMS LHCb ALICE TOTEM LHC Maria Grazia Pia, INFN Genova 25 Number of outside citations Number of outside citations Outside citations Hardware Software DAQ-trigger TNS
26 LCG LHC Computing Grid WoS Sakamoto, H Data grid deployment for high energy physics in Japan CPC 27 Shiers, J The Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (worldwide LCG) CPC 27 Belov, S et al. LCG MCDB - a knowledgebase of Monte-Carlo simulated events CPC 28 Yin, Fet al. Grid resource management policies for load-balancing and energy-saving CPC 29 by vacation queuing theory Malawski, M et al. Invocation of operations from script-based Grid applications Fut. Gen. Comp. Syst. 21 Huedo, E et al. A modular meta-scheduling architecture for interfacing with pre-ws and WS Grid resource management services Fut. Gen. Comp. Syst. 27 Agarwal, A et al. GridX1: A Canadian computational grid Fut. Gen. Comp. Syst. 27 Chytracek, R et al. POOL development status and production experience TNS 25 Hatlo, M et al. Developments of mathematical software libraries for the LHC experiments TNS 25 Pfeiffer, A et al. The LCG PI project: Using interfaces for physics data analysis TNS 25 Munro, C et al. Measurement of the LCG2 and glite File Catalogue's performance TNS 26 Li, H Realistic Workload Modeling and Its Performance Impacts in Large-Scale IEEE Trans. 21 escience Grids Par. Distr. Syst. Andreeva, J et al. High-Energy Physics on the Grid: the ATLAS and CMS Experience J. Grid Comp. 28 Munoz, VM et al. A Decentralized Deployment Strategy and Performance Evaluation of LCG File Catalog Service J. Grid Comp. 211 Hou, S et al. PacCAF: a Grid Portal in Pacific Asia for the CDF Experiment J. Grid Comp. 29 Kim, BK et al. A Composition of Monitoring Services for the LHC Computing Grid J. Grid Comp. 29 Maria Grazia Pia, INFN Genova 26
27 Publication years Journals LCG Small sample of publications Year CPC Fut. Gen. TNS Trans. Par. Journal J Grid Comp Hard to perform any statistical analysis Citations References Citations References Maria Grazia Pia, INFN Genova 27
28 Conclusions! Software is largely underrepresented in HEP scholarly literature w.r.t. hardware! Publication patterns appear similar in the LEP and LHC era! Citation patterns are different for publications by HEP experiments and about general software tools Publish! and don t forget to cite Maria Grazia Pia, INFN Genova 28
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