Phonology Unit ١٣ Phonemic symbol review A- Transcribe the following sentences : a. / t / b. / / c. / / d. / / e. / / f. / / g. / / h.

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1 Cairo Governorate Department : English Nozha Directorate of Education Form : ٣ rd Prep. Nozha Language Schools Second Term Ismailia Road Branch Phonology Unit ١٣ Phonemic symbol review A- Transcribe the following sentences : a. / t / b. / / c. / / d. / / e. / / f. / / g. / / h. / / ٣٨

2 Unit ١٤ Sounds The / h / sound a- Look at the words in the box below. Circle the words which contain a / h / sound. Where Huge Alcohol Whisky Hour What Husband Hairdryer Whisper Hungry Hi-fi Housewife Honour Whale Horrible Hospital Hanky who b- Words with silent letters : The following words all contain silent letters. Cross out the silent letters. Castle Comb Receipt Daughter Autumn Christmas Hour Cupboard Write Listen Foreigner Iron Designer Handsome Suit Whale Tomb White Could Knight Half Knife Yacht Sword Answer Wednesday thumb ٣٩

3 / / / / / / / / = fox / cock / / = forks / cork / / = folks / coke Unit ١٥ Sounds * Put the words in the correct column below according to the sound of the underlined letters : divorce wrong postcard - lost told novel - more fall dog moral throw pour poem story phone alone / / / / / / Good Luck ٤٠

4 Cairo Governorate Department : English Nozha Directorate of Education Form : ٣ rd Prep. Nozha Language Schools Second Term Ismailia Road Branch Poetry A- Composed upon Westminster Bridge By William Wordsworth Earth has not anything to show more fair : Dull would he be of soul who could pass by A sight so touching in its majesty : This City now doth, like a garment, wear The beauty of the morning ; silent, bare, Ships, towers, domes, theatres, and temples lie Open unto the fields, and to the sky ; All bright and glittering in the smokeless air. Never did sun nor beautifully steep In his first splendour, valley, rock, or hill ; Ne'er saw I, never felt, a calm so deep! The river glideth at his own sweet will : Dear God! the very houses seem asleep ; And all that mighty heart is lying still! B- Vocabulary Fair : beautiful Dull : not lively Souls : Man's moral and emotional nature Sight : view Touching : affecting the emotions Majesty : greatness Garment : cloak, clothing Bare : plain, simple Temples : buildings dedicated to the worship of God Glittering : shining, sparking Steep : to involve or be involved deeply in Spiendour : magnificence Valley : an elongated depression between hills or mountains Glideth : moves slowly along Mighty : having or showing superior power or strength ٤١

5 C- Paraphrase According to the poet this is the most beautiful scene on earth. Anyone who passes by and does not observe or feel this beauty must be an unhappy person, because the sight and atmosphere are so impressive. The beauty of the morning is the cloak which the city is wearing. In the morning the beauty is striking in its simplicity. When you look at the open fields, beyond them you can see ships sailing on the river, towers of churches, domes, theatres and temples. One can also see beyond all these the beautiful open view of the sky. What makes the view really more interesting and more beautiful is the pure, smokeless air. It makes everything look bright and shining. Man has never seen such a beautiful sun spreading its rays all over. It covers every thing : valleys, rocks and hills. Among all this, one has never seen or felt such a deep silence. Even the river flows and runs on its own way and at its own will. Dear God! All the people seem asleep and so does the powerful, industrial world. D- Commentary The rhyme scheme of this poem is : a, b, b, a, a, b, a, c, d, c, d, c, d " Upon Westminster Bridge " is a Sonnet by William Wordsworth. Wordsworth is a romantic poet who idealizes Nature, but here we see that London City has inspired him with an intense religious feeling as he looks at if from Westminster Bridge in the early hours of the morning. According to the poet the earth has nothing more beautiful to show than this scene of the sleeping city. A person who is not moved by the scenery he sees, must have a dull soul. London seems to be covered with the beauty of the morning. Ships, towers, domes theatres and temples lie open onto the fields and to the sky. Here is a reconciliation between man- made city and God made nature. The sun has never before steeped a valley, a rock, or a hill, more beautifully. The poet has never before felt such a deep calm : the river is gliding smoothly, the houses seems to be asleep, and the mighty heart of the city seems to be still. The beautiful scenery makes the poet appeal to God whose presence can be seen and felt in the beautiful scenery both man- made and God made. ٤٢

6 Answer the following questions : ١- What is the main idea of the poem? Composed ٢- What is the rhyme scheme of the poem? ٣- William Wordsworth is a poet who idealizes nature but it is different in this sonnet explain. ٤- How did the poet describe the person who isn't moved by the beautiful scenery of London? ٥- In the poem there is a reconciliation between man made city and God-made nature. Explain with reference to the poem. ٦- What did this beautiful scenery make the poet do? ( How did this scenery affect the poet?) ٤٣

7 The Solitary Reaper By William Wordsworth ١. Behold her, single in the field, You solitary. Highland Lass! Reaping and singing by herself ; Stop here, or gently pass! Alone she cuts and binds the grain, And sings a melancholy strain ; O listen! for the vale profound Is overflowing with the sound ٢. No nightingale did ever chant More welcome notes to weary bands Of travellers in some shady haunt, Among Arabian sands : A voice so thrilling ne'er was heard In spring time from the cuckoo bird Breaking the silence of the seas Among the farthest Hebrides. ٣. Will no one tell me what she sings? Perhaps the plaintive numbers flow For old, unhappy, far off things, And battles long ago : Or is it some more humble lay, Familiar matter of today? Some natural sorrow, loss, or pain, That has been, and may be again? ٤. Whate'er the theme, the maiden sang As if her song could have no ending ; I saw her singing at her work, And o'er the sickle bending ; I listen'd motionless and still ; And, as I mounted up the hill, The music in my heart I bore, Long after it was heard no more. ٤٤

8 B- Vocabulary Solitary : lonely Reaper : a person who reaps ( cuts the wheat ) Behold : look at Single : alone Yon : there Highland : a mountainous district north-west of Scotland Lass : girl Reaping : cutting the grain Binds the grain : ties the grain together Grain : seeds Melancholy : sad Strain : song Vale : valley Profound : deep Overflowing : spreading Plaintive : sad, sorrowful Numbers : words Humble : simple Lay : song Matter : problems Natural : ordinary Sorrow : sadness Pain : bodily or mental suffering Theme : a subject on which a person writes or speaks Maiden : girl Sickle : a tool used for reaping wheat Motionless : not moving Mounted : climbed Bore : carried ٤٥

9 C- Paraphrase Look at the Scottish girl reaping and singing alone in the field. Either stop here to listen or pass softly so as not to disturb her. Alone, she cuts the wheat and binds the sheaves while she is singing a sad, Oh! Listen, for the whole valley is full of the echoing of her song. Her voice sounds sweets than that of the nightingale. Her song tells tired travellers that they have at last reached a cool and pleasant shade after a long hot journey in the Arabian desert. Her voice is also more beautiful than the voice of the cuckoo when it disturbs the silence of the seas surrounding the Hebrides Islands with its song announcing the coming of spring. Will anybody explain her song to me? Maybe she is singing a sad ballad about ancient tragedies or battles or maybe she is singing of something less splendid, of a present sorrow or pain that has happened once and may happen again. I do not know what she was singing about, but she sang as though her song was endless. I listened without moving and saw her singing and working, then I started walking away and as I was walking up the hill I carried her song in my heart for a long time after my ears could hear it no longer. D- Commentary The poem is divided into four stanzas of eight lines each. Wordsworth was mainly interested in man in relation to nature. It has been said of this poem that if translated into a painting, it would show a vast landscape with a human figure as a central focal point. This is clear in this poem which starts with a visual image of a girl ' single' in a ' field'. The Romantic element of ' loneliness' is repeated in the first stanza e.g. single, solitary, by herself. The girl is presented as singing a ' melancholy tune'. The preoccupation with melancholy (sadness ) was to become one of the most powerful elements of Romanticism, as it is evident from the works of the younger Romantics : Byron, Keats and Shelley. Another property of the Romantics was that they were always fascinated by strange things ; things that were far away in either time or space. This is clear in Wordsworth's choice of imagery in the second stanza where he compares the girl's singing to that of the nightingale in Arabia or the cuckoo in the Hebrides. Both Arabia and Hebrides were sufficiently far removed to be considered strange to the Englishman of the early nineteenth century! The girl's song was even strange to the poet because it was obviously in Scottish dialect. He wonders about the theme of the song, saying " Will no one tell me what she sings?" In the fourth stanza Wordsworth says that " the Maiden sang as if her song could have no ending," Indeed the song had no ending, for the poet bears the music in his heart long after his ears have ceased ( stopped ) to hear it. The music he bore in his heart makes him recollect the song. ٤٦

10 The Solitary Reaper ١- What is the main idea of the poem? ٢- Paraphrase the first stanza. ٣- Paraphrase the second stanza. ٤- Paraphrase the third stanza. ٥- Paraphrase the fourth stanza. ٦- It is said that "The Solitary Reaper" could be translated into a painting. Explain. ٧- William Wordsworth stressed the elements of romanticism in his poem. Explain with reference to the Solitary Reaper. ٤٧

11 ٨- The element of loneliness is clear the poem. Explain. ٩- The element of sadness is clearly used in "The Solitary Reaper " Explain. ١٠- Wordsworth is fascinated by using strange things which were not familiar in the ١٩ th century. Explain. ١١- The poet couldn't understand what the girl was saying. Explain. ١٢- What figures of speech did the poet use? ١٣- The girl's song had no ending. Explain. ٤٨