A Rasa Reader SHELDON POLLOCK. Translated and edited by CLASSICAL INDIAN AESTHETICS COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS NEW YORK

Transcription

1 A Rasa Reader CLASSICAL INDIAN AESTHETICS Translated and edited by SHELDON POLLOCK COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS NEW YORK

2 Contents PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF SANSKRIT TITLES LIST OF AB BREVIATIONS XI XIX XXI XXIII Introduction: An Intellectual History of Rasa 1 CHAPTER ONE The Foundational Text, c. 300, and Early Theorists, The Basis of Rasa Theory in Drama 47 Treatise on Drama of Bharata (c. 300) Rasa as a Figure of Speech in Narrative Poetry: The Early Views 55 Ornament of Poetry of Bham aha (c. 650) 55 Looking Glass of Poetry of Dandin (c. 700) with the Commentaries Ratna s Glory 58 of Ratnashrijnana (c. 950) and Guarding the Tradition of Vadijanghala (c. 950) 3. Rasa as a Figure of Speech: The Late View 65 Essentia/ Compendium of the Ornament of Poetry of Udbhata (c. 800) with the Brief 65 Elucidation of Pratiharenduraja (c. 900) and the Exegesis of Tilaka (c. 1100) 4. Rasa as the Characters Emotion, and How We Know It 74 *Commentary on the Treatise on Drama, of Bhatta Lollata (c. 825) 74 *Commentary on the Treatise on Drama, of Shri Shankuka (c. 850) 77

3 5. There Are No Rules for the Number of Rasas 84 Ornament of Poetry of Rudrata (c. 850) with Notes of Namisadhu (1068) Rasa Cannot Be Expressed or Implied, Only Manifested 87 Light on Implicature of Anandavardhana (c. 875) Rasa Cannot Be a Figure of Speech; It Is What Figures of Speech Ornament 98 The Vital Force of Literary Language of Kuntaka (c. 975) There Can Be No Manifestation of Rasa 106 Analysis of Manifestation of Mahima Bhatta (c. 1025) 106 CHAPTER TWO The Great Synthesis of Bhoja, One Rasa Underlies All Multiplicity 110 Necklace for the Goddess of Language of Bhoja (c. 1025) with the Commentary 110 of Bhatta Narasimha (undated) 2. One Rasa Underlies All Multiplicity: The Late Statement 119 Light on Passion of Bhoja (c. 1050) 119 CHAPTER THREE An Aesthetics Revolution, From Rasa in the Text to Rasa in the Reader: Core Ideas 144 *Commentary on the Treatise on Drama, and Mirror of the Heart of Bhatta 144 Nayaka (c. 900) 2. From Rasa in the Text to Rasa in the Reader: Elaboration 154 The Ten Dramatic Forms of Dhanamjaya (c. 975) and the Observations of 154 Dhanika (c. 975), with The Lamp (on the Ten Forms) of Bahurupa Mishra (undated) and the Brief Annotation (on the Observations) of Bhatta Nrisimha (undated) CHAPTER FOUR Abhinavagupta and His School, Rasa and the Critique of Imitation 181 Literary Investigations of Bhatta Tota (c. 975) 181 [viii]

4 2. The Theory of Rasa Purified 187 The New Dramatic Art, of Abhinavagupta (c. looo) Potential Flaws of Rasa 224 Light on Poetry of Mammata (c. 1050) with the Commentaries of Shridhara 224 (c. 1225), Chandidasa (c. 1300), Vishvanatha (c. 1350), and Param ananda Chakravartin (c. 1500) 4. The Purified Theory in Abstract 235 Short Explanation of Light on Poetry, and Commentary on Analysis of 235 Manifestation of Ruyyaka (1150) CHAPTER FIVE Continuing the Controversies Beyond Kashmir, Where Is Rasa? Is Rasa Always Pleasurable? 239 Mirror of Drama of Ramachandra and Gunachandra (c. 1200) 239 The Single Strand of Vidyadhara (c. 1300) with the Central Gem of Mallinatha 247 (c. 1400) Ornament of the Fame of King Prataparudra of Vidyanatha (c. 1320) with The Jewel Store of Kumarasvamin (c. 1430) A Philosophical Précis of the Rasa Problematic 261 Mirror of Literary Art of Vishvanatha (c. 1350) with The Eye of Anantadasa 261 (c. 1400) 3. Rethinking Semblance of Rasa 269 The Moon on the Rasa Ocean of Singabhupala (c. 1385) 269 CHAPTER SIX Rasa in the Early Modern World, A Reader Reading for Rasa 276 Elixir for the Rasika, of Arjunavarmadeva (c. 1215) A Poet Writing of Rasa 280 The River of Rasa of Bhanudatta (c. 1500) Devotees Experiencing Rasa 285 Pearls of the Bhagavata, of Vopadeva (c. 1300) with the Lamp for 285 Transcendence of Hem adri (c. 1300) [ix]

5 Divine Jewel of Ornamentation of Kavikarnapura (c. 1550) with the 290 Commentary of Lokanatha Chakravarty (c. 1690) Ambrosial River of the Rasa of Devotion of Rupa Gosvam in (1541) with the Passage 300 Through the Impassable of Jiva Gosvamin (1541), and Treatise on Divine Love of Jiva Gosvamin (c. 1550) 4. Vedanticizing Rasa 310 The Nectar Ocean of Literary Art of Vishvanathadeva (1592) 310 The Bearer of the Ganges of Rasa of Jagannatha (c. 1650) 314 ENGLISH-SANSKRIT GLOSSARY 327 NOTES 333 BIBLIOGRAPHY 421 INDEX 431 [x]