Study Guide Provided To Enhance Your Experience When Seeing

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1 Study Guide Provided To Enhance Your Experience When Seeing Created By: Lark Wallis-Johnston Stage West Theatre 821 W. Vickery Blvd. Fort Worth, TX 76104

2 HowToEnjoyShakespeare WhenwatchingaShakespeareanplay,therearemanythingstokeepinmind.Sometimesthelanguage inwhichshakespearewritescanbedifficulttounderstand.onceyoudo,it squitefun!youdon thave tounderstandeverywordthat sbeingsaidinordertounderstandtheplay.don tgettoohungupon decipheringeachword;instead,justtrytograspthegistofwhateachcharacterissaying.afterawhile, youwon tevenhavetothinkaboutit itwillseemasthoughyou vebeenlisteningtoshakespeareyour entirelife!watchbodylanguage,gestures,andfacialexpressions.goodshakespeareanactors communicatewhattheyaresayingthroughtheirbody.intheory,youshouldbeabletounderstand muchoftheplaywithouthearingaword.thereisarhythmtoeachline,almostlikeapieceofmusic. Shakespearewroteinaformcallediambicpentameter.Eachlineismadeupoffivefeet(eachfootis twosyllables)withtheemphasisonthesecondsyllable.youcanhearthepatternof unstressed/stressedsyllablesintheline, Whatpassionhangstheseweightsuponmytongue?.Listen forthisrhythmintheplay. Readtheenclosedsynopsis(playsummary)aheadoftime.Shakespeare splays,especiallyhiscomedies, involvemanycharactersincomplex,intertwiningplots.italwayshelpstohaveabasicideaofwhat s goingonbeforehandsoyoucanenjoytheplay.mostofall,enjoyit!findthehumor,laugh,andhavea greattime!

3 WHO S WHO: THE CHARACTERS

4 Synopsis AdrunkardnamedChristopherSlybecomesthetargetofaprankbya locallord.findingslydrunkoutofhiswitsinfrontofanbar,thelordhashis mentakeslytohismanor,dresshiminhisfinery,andtreathimasalord. WhenSlyrecovers,thementellhimthatheisalordandthatheonly believeshimselftobeatinkerbecausehehasbeeninsaneforthepast severalyears.wakinginthelord sbed,slyatfirstrefusestoacceptthe men sstory,butwhenhehearsofhis wife, apageboydressedinwomen s clothing,hereadilyagreesthatheisthelordtheypurporthimtobe.sly wantstobeleftalonewithhiswife,buttheservantstellhimthatatroupe ofactorshasarrivedtopresentaplayforhim.theplaythatslywatches makesupthemainstoryofthetamingoftheshrew. IntheItaliancityofPadua,arichyoungmannamedLucentioarrives withhisservants,tranioandbiondello,toattendthelocaluniversity. Lucentioisexcitedtobeginhisstudies,buthisprioritieschangewhenhe seesbianca,abeautiful,mildyoungwomanwithwhomlucentioinstantly fallsinlove.therearetwoproblems:first,biancaalreadyhastwosuitors, GremioandHortensio;second,Bianca sfather,awealthyoldmannamed BaptistaMinola,hasdeclaredthatnoonemaycourtBiancauntilfirsther oldersister,thetempestuous,ill temperedkatherine,ismarried.lucentio decidestoovercomethisproblembydisguisinghimselfasbianca slatin tutortogainanexcusetobeinhercompany.hortensiodisguiseshimselfas hermusicteacherforthesamereason.whilelucentiopretendstobe Bianca stutor,traniodressesupaslucentioandbeginstoconferwith Baptistaaboutthepossibilityofmarryinghisdaughter. TheKatherineproblemissolvedforBianca ssuitorswhenhortensio s friendpetruchio,abrashyoungmanfromverona,arrivesinpaduatofinda wife.heintendstomarryarichwoman,anddoesnotcarewhatsheislike

5 aslongasshewillbringhimafortune.heagreestomarrykatherinesight unseen.thenextday,hegoestobaptista shousetomeether,andthey haveatremendousduelofwords.askatherineinsultspetruchiorepeatedly, Petruchiotellsherthathewillmarryherwhethersheagreesornot.Hetells Baptista,falsely,thatKatherinehasconsentedtomarryhimonSunday. Hearingthisclaim,Katherineisstrangelysilent,andtheweddingisset. OnSunday,Petruchioislatetohisownwedding,leavingKatherineto fearshewillbecomeanoldmaid.whenpetruchioarrives,heisdressedina ridiculousoutfitandridesonabroken downhorse.afterthewedding, PetruchioforcesKatherinetoleaveforhiscountryhousebeforethefeast, tellingallinearshotthatsheisnowhispropertyandthathemaydowith herashepleases.oncetheyreachhiscountryhouse,petruchiocontinues theprocessof taming Katherinebykeepingherfromeatingorsleepingfor severaldays hepretendsthatheloveshersomuchhecannotallowherto eathisinferiorfoodortosleepinhispoorlymadebed. InPadua,LucentiowinsBianca sheartbywooingherwithalatin translationthatdeclareshislove.hortensiomakesthesameattemptwitha musiclesson,butbiancaloveslucentio,andhortensioresolvestomarrya wealthywidow.traniosecuresbaptista sapprovalforlucentiotomarry Biancabyproposingahugesumofmoneytolavishonher.Baptistaagrees butsaysthathemusthavethissumconfirmedbylucentio sfatherbefore themarriagecantakeplace.tranioandlucentio,stillintheirrespective disguises,feelthereisnothinglefttodobutfindanoldmantoplaytherole oflucentio sfather.tranioenliststhehelpofanoldpedant,or schoolmaster,butasthepedantspeakstobaptista,lucentioandbianca decidetocircumventthecomplexsituationbyeloping. KatherineandPetruchiosoonreturntoPaduatovisitBaptista.Onthe way,petruchioforceskatherinetosaythatthesunisthemoonandthatan oldmanisreallyabeautifulyoungmaiden.sincekatherine swillfulnessis

6 dissipating,sheagreesthatallisasherhusbandsays.ontheroad,the couplemeetslucentio sfather,vincentio,whoisonhiswaytopaduatosee hisson.inpadua,vincentioisshockedtofindtraniomasqueradingas Lucentio.Atlast,BiancaandLucentioarrivetospreadthenewsoftheir marriage.bothvincentioandbaptistafinallyagreetothemarriage. AtthebanquetfollowingHortensio sweddingtothewidow,theother charactersareshockedtoseethatkatherineseemstohavebeen tamed sheobeyseverythingthatpetruchiosaysandgivesalongspeechadvocating theloyaltyofwivestotheirhusbands.whenthethreenewhusbandsstage acontesttoseewhichoftheirwiveswillobeyfirstwhensummoned, everyoneexpectslucentiotowin.bianca,however,sendsamessageback refusingtoobey,whilekatherinecomesimmediately.theothers acknowledgethatpetruchiohaswonanastonishingvictory,andthehappy KatherineandPetruchioleavethebanquettogotobed.

7 AboutThePlaywright WilliamShakespeare:TheBard Throughoutthedecades,WilliamShakespearehascometobereveredas oneofthegreatestplaywrightsinthehistoryoftheatre.notonlyarehisworks continuallyperformedallovertheworld,butnumeroustheatresexistsolelyto producehisplays.shakespearewasborninstratford upon Avon,Englandon April23,1564.Hecamefromafamilydescribedas honest,hard working, middle classstock. Hereceivedagrammarschooleducationandbythetimehe was18hewasmarriedtoagirlbythenameofannehathaway.hisfirstdaughter, Susanna,wasbornthenextyear,followedbyhistwins,HamnetandJudith,in Inthelate1580s,ShakespearemovedtoLondon(96milesaway abouta four daytriponhorseback fromstratford)inanattempttofinanciallysupport

8 hisfamilythroughthetheatre.hebeganasanactorbutsoonstartedwriting playsandpoetryaswell.by1592,hewasknownthroughoutthelondontheatre sceneasanup and comingyoungartist. Inthespringof1594,Shakespearejoinedacompanyofactorsknownas thelordchamberlain smen,calledsuchbecausetheywereunderthepatronage ofthechamberlaintoqueenelizabethi.thetroupebeganperformingatthe Theatre,butwhentheirleaseonthelandexpired,theytookmattersintotheir ownhands.illegallydismantlingthetheatreandcarryingitstimbersacrossthe ThamesRiver,thecompanybuiltwhatwouldbecomeoneofthemostfamous theatresinengland:theglobe. Soonafterthemove,Shakespearebecametheprincipalplaywrightforthe company,providingactorswithapproximatelytwoplaysayear.hewasalso highlyinvolvedinthemanagementofthetroupeandreceivedashareofthe company sprofits.duringthisperiod,shakespearegainedrecognitionasoneof England spremiereplaywrights,whileeachofhisplaysreceivedtremendous popularacclaimfrombothmembersofthecourtandthelowerclasses. In1603,whenKingJamesIwascrownedafterQueenElizabeth sdeath, Shakespeare stroupebecameknownastheking smenandperformedregularly intheking scourt.theywerenowrecognizedasgroomsofthechamber,or minorcourtofficials.atthistime,shakespearegaveupactingcompletelyand servedthecompanyexclusivelyasaplaywrightandmanager. In1611,ShakespeareretiredtohishomeinStratford,wherehiswifeand childrenhadremainedalltheseyears,supposedlytospendtimein ease, retirement,andtheconversationoffriends. Bythispoint,hehadcometobe quiteawealthymanandwasabletolivecomfortablyoffofinvestmentsinland surroundinghistown. ShakespearediedonApril23,1616.Thosewhoknewhimrememberedhim as ahandsomewellshapedman,verygoodcompany,andofareadyand pleasantwit. Todayheisrememberedforhisliterarygeniusandtimelessstories.

9 Shakespeare s Theatre The theatre scene that Shakespeare found in London in the late 1580s was very different from anything existing today. Because he was directly affected by and wrote specifically for this world, it is very important to understand how it worked. The Performance Space The Globe Theatre was a circular wooden building constructed of three stories of galleries (seats) surrounding an open courtyard. It was an open-air building (no roof), and a rectangular platform projected into the middle of the courtyard to serve as a stage. The performance space had no front curtain, but was backed by a large wall with three doors out of which actors entered and exited. In front of the wall stood a roofed house-like structure supported by two large pillars, designed to provide a place for actors to hide when not in a scene. The roof of this structure was commonly referred to as the Heavens. The theatre itself housed up to 3,000 spectators, mainly because not all were seated. The seats in the galleries were reserved for people from the upper classes who came to the theatre primarily to be seen. These wealthy patrons were also sometimes allowed to sit on or above the stage itself as a sign of their social status. These seats, known as the Lord s Rooms, were considered the best in the house despite the poor view of the back of the actors. The lower-class spectators, however, stood in the open courtyard and watched the play on their feet. These audience members became known as groundlings and gained admission to the playhouse for as low as one penny. The groundlings were often very loud and rambunctious during the performances and would eat (usually hazelnuts), drink, socialize as the play was going on, and shout directly to the actors on stage. Playwrights at this time were therefore forced to incorporate lots of action and bawdy humor in their plays in order to keep the attention of their audience.

10 BRUSH UP YOUR SHAKESPEARE REFERENCE SHEET Below are some commonly used, but unfamiliar, Shakespearean words addition - title affined - bound by duty alarum - call to arms with trumpets anatomize - to analyze in detail ancient - ensign anon - until later arrant - absolute aroint - begone assail - to make amorous siege attend - to await aye - yes baffle - to hang up (a person) by the heels as a mark of disgrace baggage - strumpet, prostitute balk - to disregard barm - the froth on ale belike - maybe belov d - beloved blank - a target bolted - refined brach - bitch hound brake - bushes brave - fine, handsome bum - backside, buttocks caitiff - a wretched humble person catch - song character - handwriting cousin, coz- relative, good friend chuck - term of endearment, chick clout - a piece of white cloth cog - to deceive coil - trouble cousin - any close relative descant - improvise discourses - speaks dispatch - to hurry e'en - evening enow - enough fare-thee-well - goodbye fie - a curse fustian - wretched got - begot grammarcy - thank you halter - noose

11 BRUSH UP YOUR SHAKESPEARE REFERENCE SHEET honest - chaste, pure heavy - sorrowful housewife - hussy, prostitute impeach - dishonor list - listen mayhap - maybe mess - meal, food mew - confine minister - servant moiety - portion morrow - day nay - no ne'er - never office - service or favor oft often passing - surprisingly, exceedingly perchance - maybe perforce - must politician - schemer post - messenger power - army prithee - please quest - a jury recreant - coward resolve - to answer; reply to but soft - be quiet soundly - plainly stale - harlot subscription - loyalty, allegiance tax - to criticize; to accuse troth - belief teem - to give birth thee - you (informal) thou - you (informal) thy - your (informal) tucket - trumpet flourish verge - edge, circumference verily - truly villain - common person, not noble want - lack of, don t have well-a-day - alas wherefore - why yea - yes zounds - by his (Christ's) wounds

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13 Discussion Questions: Before the Performance 1) Discuss your previous experiences with Shakespeare and his works. Were they at all difficult to understand? Do you find the language to be beautiful and poetic, or does the archaic language just bring about frustration and keep you from understanding the plot and characters? What has helped make the plays more accessible and relevant to your own life? Having read the synopsis of The Taming of the Shrew, what scene and/or relationship are you most excited to watch? 2) The play s action takes place around numerous wedding ceremonies, but never actually shows them onstage. Why do you think Shakespeare chose to do that? Could it be for practical reasons, or do you think Shakespeare felt it may slow down the speed at which the farcical play is set? 3) If you are able to read the play before the performance, write a short description about or discuss relationships between the following character pairs: Petruchio and Kate, Kate and Bianca, Lucentio and Bianca, Baptista and his daughters, Petruchio and Grumio, Lucentio and Tranio. What patterns do you see emerging from the text? Keep these descriptions to use and discuss after you see the performance.

14 Discussion Questions: After the Performance 1) The Taming of the Shrew is a popular Shakespearean comedy. Did you think it was funny? What elements of the play make it so entertaining? Think about characters, relationships, plot devices, language, etc. What about the characters in the play makes them so funny? Why do we, as theatergoers, love to watch people in sticky situations and find it entertaining? 2) How does knowing about the Globe Theater and the way in which Shakespeare s plays were performed there change your understanding of his plays? Do you find any explanations in this information for why he wrote his plays the way he did? Think about the actual experience of attending a theatre in Shakespeare s day. Are there any similarities to attending theatre today? What are the major differences? Which style appeals more to you? 3) The Taming of the Shrew takes a great deal of influence from Commedia dell arte, especially the use of stock characters and situations. After seeing the show and using this study guide, which characters in the show do you think are based on commedia characters? Does Shakespeare borrow heavily from these character types, or does he change/improve them in some way? 4) Shakespeare s Fools are often the most complex characters in his plays. Is Tranio a wise Fool, a foolish Fool, or a bit of both? Is he a fool at all? How does his role help to develop the other characters in the play? How is he different than the other characters, like Grumio and Biondello, who are also servants to their masters? What are his overall purposes in the production?

15 TrueLove!!! Rememberinelementaryschoolwhensomekidsshowedthattheylikedsomeonebyhittingthemon thearmordoingsomethingsimilar?littlechildrendon tknowhowtoaskforpositiveattention,sothey demanditwithphysicalcontact.katherineandpetruchioseemtobestuckinthatlevelofrelatingto eachother.shakespeareshowsusthattheyreallydolikeeachotherbyhowtheirdialogueiswritten. Eventhoughtheyactlikeenemies,Shakespeareshowsusthatthesetwoaresowell matched,verbally, thateveryoneelseintheplayandthewholeaudienceknowstheyaredestinedtobetogether,no matterhowmuchtheyprotest.inthefollowingdialogue,notehoweachpersonpicksuponthewords (inbold)theotherhasused,usingthemtocraftanotherinsult: PETRUCHIO:Come,come,youwasp;i faith,youaretooangry. KATHERINE:IfIbewaspish,bestbewaremysting. PETRUCHIO:Myremedyisthen,topluckitout. KATHERINE:Ay,ifthefoolcouldfinditwhereitlies. PETRUCHIO:Whoknowsnotwhereawaspdoeswearhissting?Inhistail. KATHERINE:Inhistongue. PETRUCHIO:Whosetongue? KATHERINE:Yours,ifyoutalkoftails,andsofarewell. PETRUCHIO:What,withmytongueinyourtail? Shakespearesuggeststhatthiscoupleiswell suitedtooneanotherbytheirsharedabilitytoconnect throughthewordplayofmatchingandone upmanship. Activity: Doyouknowsomeonewhotriestogetsomeone sattentionbydoingthingsliketeasing,pretendingto stealthingsfromthem,orjusthangingaroundalot?whatthingsdoyouseeandhearwhenyou observethem? WriteanargumentbetweenKatherineandPetruchiousingmodern daylanguageandinsults. Remembertokeepitplayfulandfun thesecharactersreallylikeeachother.

16 ShakespeareScavengerHunt Sometimesit sdifficulttofocusonshakespeareanlanguageforanextendedperiodoftime. Wehopethisactivitywillhelptokeepyouinvolvedinthecharacters,whichcharacteris speaking,andwhatisbeingsaid.inadditiontofollowingthestory,wechallengeyoutolocate theseindividuallines,identifywhatisgoingoninthescenethatcausesthemtobesaid,and findagreaterconnectionwiththetextasitcomestolife.wehopeithelpsyoutoconnectwith thecharactersonamorepersonallevelandfindmeaningwithinthemonologues.havefun connectingtotheplayasyoufurtherexplorethetext!teachers,feelfreetodividetheselines upamongaclassandhaveindividualgroupspresenttheirfindings. MaterialsNeeded: Linesfromthefollowingpages,acopyoftheplay,anotebook/pieceofpaper,andapencil. Thislessonwilltakeoneortwoclassperiods. LessonPlan: 1)Assigneachstudentorgroupaquote/quotesfromtheplay. 2)Feelfreetogivestudentsageneralideaofthequote'splacementwithintheplayandits generalmeaning,butdonotparaphraseitforthemorpinpointthequote'slocation. 3)Theirchallengewillbetolistentotheplayandfindtheirquoteusedduringtheperformance. 4)Oncetheyhavelocatedtheirquote,theirassignmentistowritedownwhosaiditandto whomtheysaiditto.studentsshouldthenwritedownwhythecharactersaidthatspecificline andwhattheythinkitmeans. 5)Backintheclassroomhaveeachstudent/groupsaytheirquoteoutloudandremindtheir fellowstudentsofthecharacter,thescene,andthesituationintheplayfromwhichtheirquote wastaken. Ifyou rehungryformore: Chooseoneofyourquotestolocatewithintheactualscript.Learnthesceneormonologuethe quotewastakenfrom(10 14linesisagoodlength).Now,paraphrase(putintoyourown words)thetextmakingitasmodernaspossible.howdoesthischangeyourpresentationand understandingoftheoriginaltext?then,performyourpiece.

17 Quotes for Scavenger hunt (ajumpingoffpoint,therearemanymoregreatones!) Noprofitgrowswhereisnopleasureta en.inbrief,sir,studywhatyoumostaffect. IcometowiveitwealthilyinPadua;ifwealthily,thenhappilyinPadua. Oldfashionspleasemebest....nothingcomesamiss,somoneycomeswithal. Whowooedinhasteandmeanstowedatleisure. Thisisawaytokillawifewithkindness. Ourpursesshallbeproud,ourgarmentspoor,for tisthemindthatmakesthebodyrich Tomeshe smarried,notuntomyclothes.couldirepairwhatshewillwearinme,asican changethese pooraccoutrements, twerewellforkateandbetterformyself. Iseeawomanmaybemadeafoolifshehadnotaspirittoresist. NowwereInotalittlepot andsoonhot,myverylipsmayfreezetomyteeth,mytonguetotheroofofmymouth,my heartinbelly,ereishouldcomebyafiretothawme.

18 GirlPower QueenElizabethI Iseeawomanmaybemadeafool,ifshehadnotaspirittoresist. Katherine,Act3,scene1 InShakespeare stime,thedecisiontomarrywasinthehandsofagirl sfather,becauseitwas considereddisrespectfulforadaughtertocommunicateherowndesiresintheprocess. Furthermore,whenawomanmarried,allofherpersonalpropertybecamethepropertyofher husband.elizabethansthoughtwomenneededamalecaretaker(remember,femalescouldnot havecareers).however,shakespearelivedduringthetimeoftherenaissance,whichwasa turbulentandexcitingperiodofhistoryinwhichmanyoldandacceptedideaswerebeing questioned,examined,andreinterpreted.shakespeareisknownforcreatingfemalecharacters thatarejustascomplex,intelligent,andpowerfulasthemales.katherineisoneoftheprimary examplesofthis. JustlikeKatherine,QueenElizabethherself forwhomtheerawasnamed defiedthe expectationsforwomenofhertime.shenevermarriedbecausesherealizedearlyonthat marriagemeantlossofpower.eventhoughthegeneralopinionofthetimewasthatwomen s mindswereweakandthatafemaleheadofstatewas anoffenseagainstnature, sheruled withgreatpoliticalskillandcunning. Politically,intheUnitedStates,awomen srighttovotecamein1920withthe19th AmendmenttotheConstitution.Increaseddebateatthattimeaboutwhereawoman s place isinsocietyhascontinuedtothisday,inmattersofwhatprofessionswomenmayenter,their roleinraisingchildren,andtheirpayinrelationtomen,tonameonlyafew.thepopularityof TheTamingoftheShrewrestsnotonlyinthefactthatitprovidesdelightfulcomedy,butalsoin thatitkeepsusthinkingabouthowmenandwomenrelatetoeachother.

19 TheLastWord:withAlisonPistorius Katherine sfinalmonologueattheendoftheplayisfamouslycontroversial.doyouthinksheis trulysayingthatshenowbelievesthatawomanshouldbeinallwaysinferiortoaman?could therebeanyothermeaning? AlisonPistorius,KatherineinStageWest sproductionofthetamingoftheshrew,hasa differenttakeontheiconicspeech: I worked at Stage West a few years ago, before leaving for graduate school in Colorado. I returned to the Metroplex early in 2012, and when I saw "The Taming of the Shrew" on Stage West's calendar a few months ago, I made a big post-it note to remind myself to audition. I was working on "When We Are Married" with the Denver Center Theatre Company at the time, and I don't even think the audition dates had been announced yet, but I already knew I wanted to throw my hat into the ring for Kate." AnactressplayingKateknowsthatatsomepoint,shehastotakeadeepbreathanddealwith thefamousfinalspeech.atfirstglance,itcansoundincrediblymisogynistic,andthelanguage thatseemstoplacemenabovewomeninrelationshipscanbeoff puttingtoamodernear.but inmyopinion,thatinterpretationmissesthepointofthestory. I mthrilledtobeplayingkateatthispointinmylife.whenifirstreadtheplayincollege,the finalspeechruffledmyfeathers."thyhusbandisthylord?"womenshould"kneelforpeace?!" Whatthewhat?!?ButthatwasbeforeIknewwhatitmeanttoreallylovesomeone,andtolet myselfbelovedinreturn.petruchiofallsinlovewithkate,inpart,forherspirit,andidon't thinkthepointof"taming"herisinanywaytodampenherfire.instead,heteachesherhow toloveandbeloved,andshelearnsthatitisn'tweaknesstotreatthosesheloveswith kindness.andinaway,ashedoesso,petruchiois"tamed"aswell.

20 Shakespearewroteamazingfemalecharacters(someevensayhewrotebetterwomenthan men),andkateisnoexception.ratherthandefeatedandbroken,ithinksheendstheplay freeandempowered.iseeherfinalspeechasanacknowledgmentthatmarriageisa partnership,andthroughthecourseoftheplay,kateandpetruchiohavefiguredouthowto maketheirparticularpartnershipwork.kateiswillingtoplaceherhandbelowherhusband's footbecausesheknowsshehasnoneedtofear.sheknowshelovesherasmadlyasshehim, andhewouldneveraskanythingofherthathewouldn'tgive,himself.theyarecompletely safewithineachother. Challenge:RewriteKatherine slastmonologuefromyourownpointofview.whatareyou willingtogiveorgiveupforlove?

21 Write a Letter To Stage West Stage West loves receiving letters from our audience Stage West Theatre Attention: Education 821 W. Vickery Blvd Fort Worth, TX You can send us: A Review What You Learned Your Favorite Part What You d Like To See Next Time What You Would Do Differently Send your letters to Stage West Theatre 821 W. Vickery Blvd Fort Worth, TX Or, you may them to education@stagewest.org You will write letters all of your life. You will write letters in school, to correspond with friends and family, and for your job. It is important to know how to write a good letter. Stage West uses feedback from our audience when picking our season of shows and when applying for grants and other funding. Your teacher may want you to write your letter in a proper format. Here is an example of one style: Lark Wallis-Johnston Stage West Theatre 821 W. Vickery Blvd Fort Worth, TX Dear Audience, Stage West would like to thank all of you for attending our production! Everyone was so respectful during the performance. We hope that you enjoyed yourself as you watched the characters journeys. We look forward to your feedback and will consider it when we pick future shows. Also, we value your comments and use them when applying for future grant funding. Thank you for taking the time to let us know what you think. Sincerely, Lark Wallis-Johnston Education Director Stage West Theatre

22 FurtherReading ReadingCompanions: ShakespeareLexiconandQuotationDictionary:ACompleteDictionaryofAlltheEnglishWords,Phrases, AndConstructionsintheWorksofthePoet,Vol.1ByAlexanderSchmidt,GregorSarrazin OutlinesofShakespeare splaysbykarlj.holzknecht,raymondross,andhomera.watt SynopsesofShakespeare scompleteplaysbynelsona.aultandlewism.magill WilliamShakespeare:ATextualCompanionbyStanleyW.Wells,GaryTaylor,JohnJowett,andWilliam Montgomery Shakespeare: ShakespearebyMarkVanDoren WillintheWorld:HowShakespeareBecameShakespearebyStephenGreenblatt ShakespeareourContemporarybyJanKott ShakespeareAfterAllbyMarjorieGarber Shakespeare:ALifeinDramabyStanleyWells AllThingsShakespeare:AConciseEncyclopediaofShakespeare sworldbykirstinolsen Shakespeare stheatre: PlaygoinginShakespeare'sLondonbyAndrewGurr Shakespeare stheatrebypeterthomson TheShakespeareanStage, byAndrewGurr TheCambridgeIntroductiontoEarlyEnglishTheatrebyJanetteDillon Websites: literature.comandwww.absoluteshakespeare.comcontainthecompletetextsof Shakespeare splays(forfreeviewing)aswellasmanylinkstostudyresources. Shakespeare.