Past Forms of Verbs. The ending ed, when added to any regular verb to form the simple past tense, is pronounced as follows:

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Milton King
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1 Past Forms of Regular Verbs Past Forms of Verbs Most of the thousands of English verbs are called regular verbs. These verbs form their ending by adding ed or simply d to the present tense. Example: call becomes called and dance becomes danced Pronunciation of the Terminal ED: The ending ed, when added to any regular verb to form the simple past tense, is pronounced as follows: 1. It is pronounced as a separate syllable [id] if he verb ends in t or d. Example: wait becomes waited 2. It is pronounced [t] if the verb ends in any voiceless sound (except t) (consonante sorda, no vibran las cuerdas vocales al pronunciar). Example: ask becomes asked an wash becomes washed (both with t sounds at the end] 3. It is pronounced [d] if the verb ends in any voiced sound (except d) (consonante vibrante, las cuerdas vocales vibran al pronunciar) Example: play becomes played and turn becomes turned [with the final sound a d} GROUP 1. THESE VERBS DON T CHANGE: BET BET BET APOSTAR BURST BURST BURST EXPLOTAR, ESTALLAR CAST CAST CAST ECHAR, LANZAR, ARROJAR COST COST COST COSTAR, VALER CUT CUT CUT CORTAR, REDUCIR(prices) HIT HIT HIT PEGAR, DAR, ALCANZAR HURT HURT HURT HERIR LET LET LET PERMITIR, DEJAR, ALQUILAR PUT PUT PUT PONER, COLOCAR QUIT /kwit/ QUIT /kwit/ QUIT /kwit/ DEJAR, PARAR, SALIR READ /ri:d/ READ /red/ READ /red/ LEER SET SET SET PONERSE(SOL) COLOCAR SHUT SHUT SHUT CERRAR SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT SEPARAR, ROMPER, PARTIR SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD EXTENDER, PROPAGAR, UNTAR (butter) SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUDAR, TRANSPIRAR UPSET UPSET UPSET MOLESTAR, CAER MAL

2 GROUP 2. This group of irregular verbs has the same form for the past and the past participle: BEND BENT BENT DOBLAR BIND BOUND BOUND AMARRAR, ATAR, VENDAR BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR BURN BURNT BURNT QUEMAR DEAL DEALT DEALT TRATAR, NEGOCIAR DIG DUG DUG CAVAR DREAM DREAMED/DREAMT DREAMED/DREAMT SOÑAR FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR FLING FLUNG FLUNG TIRAR, LANZAR, ARROJAR GET GOT GOT CONSEGUIR HANG HUNG HUNG COLGAR HAVE HAD HAD TENER/HABER HEAR HEARD HEARD OIR HOLD HELD HELD SUJETAR KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDAR, CONSERVAR LAY LAID LAID EXTENDER, PONER(la mesa, huevos) LEAD LED LED GUIAR, DIRIGIR, CONDUCIR LEARN LEARNT/LEARNED LEARNT/LEARNED APRENDER LEAVE LEFT LEFT PARTIR, IRSE LEND LENT LENT PRESTAR LIGHT LIT LIT ENCENDER, ILUMINAR LOSE LOST LOST PERDER MAKE MADE MADE HACER, FABRICAR MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR, CONOCER PAY PAID PAID PAGAR SAY SAID SAID DECIR SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILLAR SHOOT SHOT SHOT DISPARAR SIT SAT SAT SENTAR(SE) SLIDE SLID SLID DESLIZAR, RESBALAR, PATINAR SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR SMELL SMELT/SMELLED SMELT/SMELLED OLER SPELL SPELT/SPELLED SPELT/SPELLED DELETREAR SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR

3 SPILL SPILT SPILT DERRAMAR, VERTER SPIN SPUN SPUN GIRAR, DAR VUELTAS SPOIL SPOILT/SPOILED SPOILT/SPOILED ARRUINAR, ESTROPEAR, MIMAR STAND STOOD STOOD PONERSE DE PIE STICK STUCK STUCK PEGAR (con pegamento) STING STUNG STUNG PICAR (insecto) SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT BARRER, ARRASAR SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCEAR(SE) TELL TOLD TOLD DECIR BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAER BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT COGER FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUCHAR TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSEÑAR THINK THOUGHT THOUGHT PENSAR UNDERSTAND UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDER, COMPRENDER WIN WON WON GANAR WIND WOUND WOUND ENROSCAR, ENROLLAR GROUP 3. Another group of irregular verbs adds -N or-en to the past form to make the past participle: PRESENT PAST PAST SPANISH PARTICIPLE AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARSE, DARSE CUENTA BEAR BORE BORN/BORNE SOPORTAR, RESISTIR BEAT BEAT BEATEN GOLPEAR, BATIR BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER BREAK BROKE BROKEN ROMPER CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ELEGIR FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN OLVIDAR HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER(SE) FREEZE FROZE FROZEN HELAR, CONGELAR LIE (gr. 3) /lai/ LAY/lei/ LAIN /lein/ TUMBARSE, ECHARSE(sofa) LIE (grp. 3)/lai/ LAY /lei/ LAIN /lein/ ESTAR SITUADO, RADICAR, EXTENDERSE LIE lai/ (gr. 2) LIED /laid/ LIED /laid/ MENTIR SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN HABLAR STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROBAR SWEAR SWORE SWORN PROMETER, JURAR TEAR TORE TORN ROMPER, RASGAR, ARRANCAR WAKE WOKE WOKEN DESPERTAR WEAR WORE WORN LLEVAR PUESTO, PONERSE

4 GROUP 4. Seven irregular verbs are alike and follow the same pattern in changing the middle vowel. (-I -A -U) PRESENT PAST PAST PARCIPLE SPANISH I A U BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN EMPEZAR, COMENZAR DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBER RING RANG RUNG LLAMAR, SONAR (TIMBRE) SHRINK SHRANK SHRUNK ENCOGER(se)CONTRAER(se) SING SANG SUNG CANTAR SINK SANK SUNK HUNDIRSE, NAUFRAGAR SPRING SPRANG (OR SPRUNG) SPRUNG SALIR, BROTAR, APARECER SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR GROUP 5. Other irregular verbs are alike because they make the past participle from the present form (with different endings), not from the past form: ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIR, PRESENTARSE(problems) BE * WAS/WERE BEEN SER/ESTAR BECOME BECAME BECOME LLEGAR A SER, CONVERTIRSE EN BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPLAR, ESTALLAR COME CAME COME VENIR, LLEGAR, ENTRAR DO DID DONE HACER, REALIZAR DRAW DREW DRAWN DIBUJAR, ATRAER, PROVOCAR DRIVE DROVE DRIVEN CONDUCIR EAT ATE EATEN COMER, CONSUMIR, ALIMENTARSE FALL FELL FALLEN CAER, DESCENDER FORBID FORBADE FORBIDEN PROHIBIR, IMPEDIR FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDONAR GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR, REGALAR, PROPORCIONAR GO WENT GONE IR(SE) GROW GREW GROWN CRECER, AUMENTAR, CULTIVAR KNOW KNEW KNOWN SABER, CONOCER RIDE RODE RIDDEN CONDUCIR, LLEVAR, MONTAR(bike..) RISE ROSE RISEN SUBIR, ASCENDER, SALIR(sun) RUN RAN RUN CORRER SEE SAW SEEN VER SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN AGITAR, SACUDIR, TEMBLAR SHOW SHOWED SWHOWN/SHOWED MOSTRAR, ENSEÑAR SLAY SLEW SLAIN MATAR(KILL) MATAR DE RISA* TAKE TOOK TAKEN COGER, AGARRAR, TOMAR THROW THREW THROWN TIRAR, LANZAR WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCRIBIR, REDACTAR, COMPONER

LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS

LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS BASE FORM PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRANSLATION Arise Arose Arisen Levantar Awake Awoke Awoken Despertar Be Was/Were Been Ser /Estar Be able(can) Could Been able Poder Bear Bore Born