7 (<D) ZS'Z'tfro vk. 5 LXjS7}<&$itti^'ei-fr0. to Llfte : ^x.0 /JNUJ (C^3^) ^^«v^v^5^ci:%j:<^^(l) otv^i-^0

Transcription

1 ism (Lesson 18) 5 *?1"o (I heard that koalas don't drink water.) Objectives in this lesson are to learn: * " 5 (hearsay) * how to convey an idea to another person * "if 5 UT" (why) & " frh-zi"' (because) Japanese tourists are visiting the Bird Sanctuary. a ^ (^i) TV^-fteo ^ (-^^ 5^:V^) COS^) 7 (<D) ZS'Z'tfro vk. 5 LXjS7}<&$itti^'ei-fr0 fc-fjo : J. # v (DM ot) (1"V^^^) (i:) to Llfte : ^x.0 /JNUJ (C^3^) ^^«v^v^5^ci:%j:<^^(l) otv^i-^0 : V^V^X.. ZtlfclfZ-ko -froc : -^(^r ^9) cox. f1^^'fsi0^(^^d)^^/c^b (V^) ot V^^ L/c^o : fcl^\ HP#(^D)^^c^HoTV^Lit. o ^TO^ : % 5 ^5:+^ (j:dc,d^o^^)^5^6^(1^#^^ Ufifc : Zj'Z'tteo V^V^Hff (fflj;) -f-(^)<;ft: 109

2 Vocabulary 3T y S (^i) X tc Sfhl (tn ^) 7j< (^."f) ik(co) st~#v mot) 7j<^ (1-V\ A/) (i:) M (t >9) x.o^ HoTV^ Lfc tclfc ^PJr (ff L i) koala Te Form of to sleep cute ("["-adjective) nocturnal Plain Form Present Tense/(+) of I hear, they say day time almost is that so? water Plain Form Present Tense/( ) of CDtf, to drink eucalyptus leaf water, moisture Dictionary Form of <5, to take nominalizer not so much (humble expression) bird feeding Masu Form Past Tense/(+) of p, to say I am certain, I am sure place 110

3 Grammar 18.1 hearsay " ^ 5 "Trl"" is a hearsay expression, passing on or reporting information which one has received from somebody and/or sources rather than that of first hand. "?" 5 Tri"" follows the Plain Form of the verb or adjective. Expressions such as " fc j; ^ ^ " and " coig U) "Trfi" (according to) indicate the source of the information. eg. ffm (LA^A/) According to the newspaper, there was a serious accident yesterday. 5) (D±mB 5r>*) According to Mr Abe, he is going to return to Japan this Saturday " " ^ o L/c" conveys a third person's statement and it cannot include the speaker's own ideas. The Plain Form of the verb or adjective comes before " h eg. ^ (^V^L^) 5)7^^ The teacher said that there would be a test next week. (TA,t) {S 5 pv^ Wt hit* The weather report said that it would be cold tomorrow. MB; In general 'W^ Lfc" or 'Vofc" describes or narrates a story, but not eg. ^V^ofCo Yan said "good morning" to everybody. Ill

4 18.3 " '$ LT" (why & because) "(if 5 bt" is used when asking for a reason. In answering the question, " is commonly used. The Plain Form comes directly before " Plain Form of the verb Plain Form of T'-adjectiye "Na"-adjective -tt- tc Noun ^ tc Why do you think that Australia is a wonderful country? VERB: Because it has a lot of natural beauty. T'-ADJ: X>?> < Because it is large and spacious. "NA"-ADJ: ir-kvyvtxft L^-fro^ Because Australians are friendly. NOUN: 5 &[1/c^ & ^iho Because it is a free country " frh" (because...) causal conjunction 1 " is a conjunction called a "causal clause" and links two sentences, indicating a reason followed by its outcome. Place the reason before " fa >", and then the outcome. " fah" is often translated as "so" or "because". reason outcome eg. Because I have a test tomorrow, I'll study hard today. 112

5 " ^ f," is linked to either the Plain Form or the Masu/Polite Forms, depending on the context. -7 Li Because it is so hot, shall I switch on the air conditioning? It is easier to study at the library because it is quiet. 4* 0 B BS 0 fcib* h It is Sunday today, so the university is closed. i 18.5 " < >?" (because...) causal conjunction 2 «(DU" is another expression to show cause and effect. The function is almost the same as " fa >". " C01?" is more formal than " fat?", and is linked to either the Plain or the Masu Forms. '7c" is replaced with "fc" before " when linked to the Plain Form of "na"-adjectives or nouns. VERB: (Masu) Why don't you come to a party at my place? (lit. Because I am going to have a party at my place, would you like to come?) (Plain) % (D 5 J VfCo Because we had a party yesterday, I am tired. T-ADJ: (Masu) (Plain) 4-0 (#i 5) ZVt.'to 4-0 LfcTOj tt-fo Because I am busy today, I'll call you tomorrow. "NA"-ADJ: (Masu) (Plain) t (-</u# 5) t LZ&AyL-ffrfa Because it is quiet at the library, it is easier to study. 113

6 NOUNS: (Masu) 4-0 B i 51^) (/c V^^ <) (^-f-) (Plain) to It is Saturday today, so the University is closed. NB; " (D't?" cannot be followed directly by" 'Vf while" frh" can. eg. E 5 Why didn't you come to school? Correct: Incorrect; E 5 hx 3::&Mt>fcfrofz(Dt:irfr0 Why didn't you buy a dictionary? Correct: Incorrect: 114

7 ty J; C5fCcTVva..t 5 Coffee break MiT B travel itinerary Is y h Plain Form (applications) H?&00 F--» (feo!) HfS -Bg -0@ Xtrpa. ;], *rm (MX). ^ (.< 5 5) Kp- ^ o $/ Kc=. ix yj7^ hk-^o ^4 hyy F (Dft-Tfr-V&& (^ 5 LJ: <)o ^4 hyy n<o ^(zov^i-v-ti^vz-r %o Mi-kCh^oLxOteVJ-tV-V t^<i4< h ^ K Cstav) 000 cfco^fe 115

8 Coffee break i^) 5 tov 3ry?7.y*~- ^ h 7 VT<Dft&te/<4 n y = y^x7^- Kx ^ v yxsu-tfrb-?]) &v^^ jr5 <5 Co LfCo nx-sfte;. y K;v=i^ yfi, ^- Fx 5 X i:f-if yp n x^"e-fo Sir Charles Edward Kingsford Smith ( ) 116

9 Activities 1. Drill Link" -^5 to the following verbs and adjectives. present tense eg. go (+) (-) 5 "^1" come past tense (+) ftotczo-vi- (-) buy help To/c 5 there is easy interesting like be good at 2. Translation practice Translate the following words into Japanese, using either " {21 < <5 i:" or " cote&l-m". (1) According to Mr Suzuki (2) According to the weather forecast (3) According to today's news (4) According to yesterday's paper 117

10 3. Drill Link " tf!" (V^) otv^-^ Ufc" to the following verbs and adjectives. eg. go come present tense (+) fr< (-) ffri^v^hotv^ tfc past tense (+) fiofctlfotv^ Lfc (-) thotv^ Lfc drink know eat busy crowded troublesome excellent a few 4. Group activity Form groups of three. A tells B the following information (C does not listen). Then, B conveys the information to C, using "? "Tr't"". (1) All students are going to have an examination next Monday. (2) 'A' will not be in her/his office this afternoon. (3) 'A' had a nice meal at a Japanese restaurant last night. (4) 'A' bought a brand new car last week. (5) 'A' saw a Japanese video last weekend. (6) Next Thursday is our teacher's birthday. (7) Last week's party was lively and enjoyable. (8) The due date for the essay is Friday this week. 118

11 5. Drill Link" fait> Tri~" to the following verbs and adjectives. go present tense past tense want to see busy dislike expensive there is no smoking difficult wear boring 6. Pair activity. Pair up and develop conversations using "if 5 bt"and " as shown in the example. Only one of the pair should read the information below. eg. A: m B (& Ltc) (t) B: ^ A: 0^S^H 0 (1) You must go to Brisbane tomorrow. (2) There will be no class tomorrow. (3) Our teacher wasn't in his office yesterday. (4) You didn't see the movie last night. 119

12 (5) You didn't eat Japanese food at all at the Japanese restaurant. (6) Smoking is not allowed in the classroom. (7) You don't drink alcohol at all. (8) A lot of young Japanese don't know how to wear kimono. 1.1 Group activity Ask your classmates the following questions. Then report the findings to the class. (1) Why is s/he studying Japanese? (2) Why is s/he studying at university? (3) Why did s/he choose this university? (4) Why do many Japanese tourists come to Australia? 7. 2 Group activity Form a group of three. Only 'A', one of the three, can read the information below and conveys the content to B. B then tells C what s/he has heard from A. A and B A: B^/v, A: ^-eb^iscc) J: B and C B: A^ < ^ (V^ C: -Zri-e-tfro if 5 B: -g"otv^ (1) You will go to Melbourne next week, because the Formula One Grand Prix ("7^- ^ 7 7 y ^7 >7 U ) will be there. (2) You have to learn Japanese cooking, because Japanese friends are coming for dinner. 120

13 (3) You will not go to the party this weekend, because you are going to have four exams next week. (4) You went to Perth last weekend, because your parents live there. (5) You bought a computer, because you have to use it for your assignments. (6) You will stay in a hotel tonight, because you won $300 at the Casino. (7) You want to buy a house in the hinterland, because the view from there is beautiful. 8.1 Drill Complete the chart below. eg. go know (+) frcvv) (-) present tense past tense (+) (-) ftfcfcfcofcfcib watch must eat live difficult to use easy to write easy like quiet 121

14 8.2 Drill Complete the previous chart, using " 9. Translation practice Translate the following sentences into Japanese using first" frh", and then, " COT?". (1) Because I studied Japanese at university, I want to work for a Japanese company. (2) Because there will be three exams next week, I have to study hard this weekend. (3) Because I will be graduating from university next month, I have to find a job. (4) Because Mr Tanaka lives in Brisbane, he said that he had to wake up at 6 o'clock. (5) I heard that the party was very lively, because many guests came. 10. Group activity Refer to 7. Group activity again. This time, answer in full sentences using either " frh" or t 122