Alliteration. Definition: When two or more words in a poem begin with the same letter or sound. Dressy Daffodils

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1 Alliteration Definition: When two or more words in a poem begin with the same letter or sound. Example: Dressy Daffodils "Dressy daffodils" is an example of alliteration because both the words begin with "D." Alliteration is like rhyming, but with alliteration the rhyming comes at the front of the words instead of the end. Rabbits Running Over Roses "Rabbits running over roses" is another example of Alliteration because rabbits, running, and roses all begin with the same letter and sound the same. Caring Cats Caring cats cascade off Laughing lamas Lounging. Underneath yelling yaks, Yelling at roaming Rats.

2 Allusion An allusion is a figure of speech that makes a reference to a place, person, or something that happened. This can be real or imaginary and may refer to anything, including paintings, opera, folk lore, mythical figures, or religious manuscripts. The reference can be direct or may be inferred, and can broaden the reader s understanding. Allusions are contingent on the reader knowing about the story or event that is referenced. Here are some examples that allude to people or events in literature: I was surprised his nose was not growing like Pinocchio s. This refers to the story of Pinocchio, where his nose grew whenever he told a lie. It is from The Adventures of Pinocchio, written by Carlo Collodi. When she lost her job, she acted like a Scrooge, and refused to buy anything that wasn t necessary. Scrooge was an extremely stingy character from Charles Dickens, A Christmas Carol. I thought the software would be useful, but it was a Trojan Horse. This refers to the horse that the Greeks built that contained all the soldiers. It was given as a gift to the enemy during the Trojan War and, once inside the enemy's walls, the soldiers broke out. By using trickery, the Greeks won the war. He was a real Romeo with the ladies. Romeo was a character in Shakespeare s play, Romeo and Juliet, and was very romantic in expressing his love for Juliet. Chocolate was her Achilles heel. This means that her weakness was her love of chocolate. Achilles is a character in Greek mythology who was invincible. His mother dipped him in magical water when he was a baby, and she held him by the heel. The magic protected him all over, except for his heel.

3 Hyperbole Hyperbole is a figure of speech which is an exaggeration. Persons often use expressions such as "I nearly died laughing," "I was hopping mad," and "I tried a thousand times." Such statements are not literally true, but people make them to sound impressive or to emphasize something, such as a feeling, effort, or reaction. Hyperboles are common in everyday language and in poetry.

4 irony the use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning: the irony of her reply, How nice! when I said I had to work all weekend. A simple way of putting it is that irony usually signals a difference between the appearance of things and reality. For instance, here is how Wikipedia defines it: Ironic statements (verbal irony) often convey a meaning exactly opposite from their literal meaning. In ironic situations (situational irony), actions often have an effect exactly opposite from what is intended. Here are some examples of irony: Is it ironic that the name of Britain s biggest dog (until it died recently) was Tiny? Is it ironic that someone steps into a puddle and you make fun of them and the next thing you know YOU step in one!?

5 Personification Definition: when you make a thing, idea, or an animal do something only humans can do. Example "Wind yells while blowing" "Wind yells while blowing" is an example of personification because wind cannot yell. Only a living thing can yell. VELVET Velvet remembers how it wrapped around me. Keeping me warm on a snowy day. Velvet remembers how it laid softly on my bed. Velvet tells me not to forget it.

6 Paradox A paradox is a statement that is self contradictory because it contains two statements that are both true, but cannot both be true at the same time. Paradox can prove to be very revealing about human nature and the way that we speak. If someone says to you "I'm a compulsive liar," do you believe them or not? That statement in itself is a paradox, because it is self contradictory. Can someone be both a compulsive liar yet telling the truth at the same time? Paradox Concept: Starts with Shrimp Starting with some very basic examples of paradox will lead to the examination of how and why paradox is used in literature. One of the most well known examples that teachers frequently use to introduce the idea of a paradox is a "jumbo shrimp." Certainly, "jumbo" and "shrimp" are contradictory statements. However, that is merely an introductory example, since a shrimp can certainly be jumbo sized in comparison to other smaller shrimp. Still, it is an appropriate starting point for students who are new to the concept of paradox.

7 PARADOX Here are more examples: You can save money by spending it. I'm nobody. "What a pity that youth must be wasted on the young." - George Bernard Shaw Wise fool Bittersweet "I can resist anything but temptation."-oscar Wilde I'm a compulsive liar- am I lying when I say that? A rich man is no richer than a poor man. Nobody goes to that restaurant because it is too crowded. You shouldn't go in the water until you know how to swim. If you didn't get this message, call me. The person who wrote something so stupid can't write at all Men work together whether they work together or apart. - Robert Frost Be cruel to be kind The beginning of the end Drowning in the fountain of eternal life Deep down, you're really shallow.

8 Onomatopoeia These are words or phrases that sound like what they mean. For example: bloop splash spray sprinkle squirt drip drizzle

9 Here is an ONOMATOPOEIC poem water plops into pond splish-splash downhill warbling magpies in tree trilling, melodic thrill whoosh, passing breeze flags flutter and flap frog croaks, bird whistles babbling bubbles from tap

10 Difference Between a Metaphor and a Simile: Metaphor and simile are quite different, but are commonly confused simply because they are so very similar in nature. This chapter is aimed at clearing up at least some of the confusion, if not the entire sum of the confusion! As you read on, you'll learn why these two are so similar, and how to clearly separate the two. First, have a look at the following two examples. A good book is like a good meal. A simile suggesting that a book may be as ( mentally) nourishing and satisfying as a meal. A wire is a road for electrons. A metaphor suggesting that electrons actually do use a wire as a road to travel on. If I had said above that "a book is food for thought" rather than "a good book is like a good meal", I would not simply be comparing food and literature, but actually stating that from some perspective they are identical. If I am an avid reader, who hungers for information to digest, gleaning every detail to feed my insatiable appetite for brain candy, literature is not only similar to food for me - it is food.

11 IAMBIC PENTAMETER iamb: da DUM (unaccent/accent) iambic pentameter: 5 iambs in one line. example: Whose WOODS these ARE I THINK I KNOW Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date: FREE VERSE Free verse is an open form (see Poetry analysis) of poetry. It does not use consistent meter patterns, rhyme, or any other musical pattern. It thus tends to follow the rhythm of natural speech.

12 EPITHET a. A term used to characterize a person or thing, such as rosy-fingered in rosy-fingered dawn or the Great in Catherine the Great. b. A term used as a descriptive substitute for the name or title of a person, such as The Great Emancipator for Abraham Lincoln.

13 HOMERIC SIMILES From The Odyssey Homeric Similes, also known as Epic Similes, are elaborate comparisons between two different objects using like or as. We often use short similes in every day speech, like the example, She s tough as nails. In fact, we use them so often that they can become idioms. A Homeric Simile, however, is used to redirect the reader s attention in unexpected, humorous, gruesome or heroic ways. And they re also a lot longer. Here are some Homeric Similes examples from one of Homer s best known works: The Odyssey. I drove my weight on it from above and bored it home like a shipwright bores his beam with a shipwright s drill that men below, whipping the strap back and forth, whirl and the drill keeps twisting, never stopping So we seized our stake with it fiery tip and bored it round and round in the giant s eye. It s crackling roots blazed and hissed as a blacksmith plunges a glowing ax or adze in an ice-cold bath and the metal screeches steam and its temper hardens that s the iron s strength so the eye of Cyclops sizzled round that stake. Her mind in torment, wheeling like some lion at bay, dreading the gangs of hunters closing their cunning ring around him for the finish.

14 Sentence Types SIMPLE = 1 independent clause COMPOUND = 2 or more independent clauses (FANBOYS) COMPLEX = 1independent clause + at least 1 dependent clause COMPOUND/COMPLEX = 2(or more) independent clauses + 1(or more) dependent clauses

Literary Devices. Assembled by Mrs. Fireman Updated 2017

Literary Devices. Assembled by Mrs. Fireman Updated 2017 Literary Devices Assembled by Mrs. Fireman Updated 2017 allegory a story or poem in which characters, settings and events stand for other people, events, or abstract ideas alliteration at least two repetitions