UNIT IX THERE IS DEFINITELY A LOT OF HELPFUL INFORMATION IN THE BOOK. There is Definitely a lot of Helpful Information in the Book.

Transcription

1 UNIT IX THERE IS DEFINITELY A LOT OF HELPFUL INFORMATION IN THE BOOK. There is Definitely a lot of Helpful Information in the Book. 173

2 What are your hopes, intentions, and objectives in the near future? You have them, don t you? Without having hopes, intentions, and objectives in your life is like living without purpose. Does it sound too much? Well, I guess not. However, to convince us that we can do it and that we can do the best, we need someone or people around us to encourage us. If we can give encouragement to other people, somehow we can give them confidence to what they want to do. Learn how to use the right expressions to express your hopes, intentions, and objectives as well as how to give encouragement in this unit. Why do people read books? It is undeniably true that they would like to get information or knowledge. Some people, however, read books because they want to get pleasure. Reading fictions can be one form of entertainment. How do people find out that there is a good book to read? Some people like to go to the book stores and will know that there is a new-released book. Some others who like to read newspaper, magazines, or browse the internet may find some new-released book reviews. That way, they can see whether a book is worth reading or not. You can too find some book reviews in this unit, and also a chance to write your own review. Learn those and more in this unit through challenging tasks. 174 Interlanguage: English for Senior High School Students XII

3 A. Let s Get Ready Task 1 Study the following book covers. They are some of the best-seller books. Then, in groups of four answer the questions with your classmates based on your knowledge Pictures: 1. A Child Called It: 2. Totto-chan: 3. Life lists: 4. Men are from Mars Women are from Venus: 5. Harry Potter: 6. The Lord of The Rings : 1. Which book attracts your attention most? Why? 2. Which book do you feel like reading? 3. Have you read one of the books? If so, what do you think of the book? 4. Even though you have not read the books, can you guess what they are about? By the Way The first novel, called The Story of Genji, was written in 1007 by Japanese noble woman, Murasaki Shikibu. Taken from: There is Definitely a lot of Helpful Information in the Book. 175

4 B. Let s Act 1. Listen and Speak Task 2 Study the words in the box below before you listen to a conversation between Retno and Andi. Then, answer the questions. The listening script is in the Appendix. bookstore (kb) collection (kb) expect (kkt) intend (kkt) savings (kb) : toko buku : koleksi : mengharapkan : bermaksud : uang tabungan blogs.zdnet.com Questions 1. What book do Retno and Andi really want to buy? 2. When does Andi expect to be able to buy the book? 3. Will Retno be able to buy the book this month? 4. What is Andi s idea to get the book? 5. Does Retno agree with Andi s idea? By the Way The idea for "Harry Potter" came to J.K. Rowling when she was on a train travelling to London. Hermione, the female hero of the Harry Potter books, is based on Rowling herself. She is richer than the Queen of England. In 2006, J.K. was ranked 2nd on Forbes magazine s Top 20 Richest Women in Entertainment list. Taken from: Picture: Interlanguage: English for Senior High School Students XII

5 Task 3 Study the expressions below. Expressing Hopes In the conversation between Retno and Andi, you find the following expressions: I hope I can buy it by the end of this month. I also expec the same. I wish I had enough money to buy the book. The expressions are used to express HOPES. Here are other expressions to express hopes, such as: I do hope that the book will be mine. I m hoping I ll soon have the book. Expressing Intentions You also find this expression: I intend to complete my collection. The expression is used to express your INTENTIONS. You can also use these kind of expressions: It is my intention to have my private library. I have every intention of building a public library. Task 4 Listen to a conversation between Retno, Andi, and Virga. While listening, complete the missing words. The listening script is in the Appendix. Situation: Retno and Andi are in the book store. They meet Virga there. She also wants to buy Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. In fact, they are all Harry Potter s fans! Retno : Hey, look. It s Virga, isn t it? Andi : Yeah, you re right. Let s greet her. Retno : Hi, Virga. Want to buy a book too? Virga : Hi, guys. Yes, I d like to buy the last book of Harry Potter. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. Andi : We re here to buy that, too. I don t know that you like it. Virga : Well, I must say that I m number one fan. I really love it. There is Definitely a lot of Helpful Information in the Book. 177

6 Retno : Wow, it s great to meet another fan of Harry Potter. We ll have a lot to discuss. Virga : Sure. By the way, a Harry Potter Fans Club in our school. Andi : Hey, that s a good idea. There must be a lot of them who are Harry Potter fans, too. Retno : So what s your idea to start the club? Virga : I will propose the idea to the Students Association first. Andi : the proposal. Retno : Me too. Task 5 Listen to a radio programme reviewing the latest sequel of Harry Potter novel. Then, jot down the important points of the review. The listening script is in the Appendix. Review of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows 1. It is the last book of Harry Potter written by. 2. As Voldemort reappears,,, and are in danger. 3. Harry, Hermione and Ron are facing challenges to find and destroy the remaining Horcruxes in order to. 4. This book highlights, and in the battle for life. 5. It is the truth about which satisfies the readers curiosity. 6. We can state that the book ends. Task 6 In pairs, study the dialogue below and answer the questions. Then, act it out with your partner. Virga is in the Students Association office. She brings a proposal to set up the Harry Potter Fans Club. She meets Adib, the chairman. Virga : Adib, can I have some words with you? Adib : Sure. What is it about? 178 Interlanguage: English for Senior High School Students XII

7 Virga : Well, I intend to set up a Harry Potter Fans Club in our school. Here is the proposal. Adib : What is the objective of setting up this club, anyway? Virga : First of all, the objective is to accommodate all the Harry Potter fans in this school to share information, opinion, and everything we know about Harry Potter. Adib : And? Virga : Well, it is also aimed at improving the members literary appreciation ability. Adib : Is there any more goal? Virga : Well I think those are the main goals, but you know, we can add more goals later on. Adib : Well, the way I see it, having a Harry Potter Fans Club at school will not give much advantage to the students. Besides, there is already such a club in our town. You guys can join it. Virga : But it will be different when our school can have it too. Adib : If I may suggest you, your club should not only focus on Harry Potter. I think you d better make a kind of Bookworm Club, so many more people who love reading can join the club, and they can exchange information on the books they read. Virga : Hmm, such a cool idea. I ll consider that idea and make a revised new proposal. I ll give it to you as soon as I have finished it. Adib : Okay. You have my support. Questions 1. Why does Virga go to meet Adib? 2. What are the objectives of setting up the Harry Potter Fans Club? 3. Does Adib accept the proposal? Why? 4. What does Adib suggest Virga then? 5. Does Virga accept the idea? Task 7 Let s say it right. In the dialogue between Virga and Adib above, you find the following words: information and opinion How do you pronounce the words? information = in-for-ma-tion opinion = o-pi-nion The stress for words ending in sion and tion is on the second syllable from end. There is Definitely a lot of Helpful Information in the Book. 179

8 Now, place the correct stress to the following words and practise pronouncing them. 1. accommodation 11. exhibition 12. explanation 2. ambition 13. expression 3. attention 14. fashion 4. champion 15. permission 5. combination 16. presentation 17. profession 6. condition 18. pronunciation 7. confusion 8. consideration 19. protection 20. television 9. decision 10. declaration Task 8 In pairs, study the expressions below. Stating Objectives In the conversation between Virga and Adib above, you find the following expressions: The objective is to accommodate all the Harry Potter fans in this school. It is also aimed at improving the members literary appreciation ability. The expressions are used to STATE OBJECTIVES. Here are some other expressions to state our objectives. The aim is It aims to Encouraging You also find this expression: You have my support. The expression is used to ENCOURAGE someone. The following expressions can also be used to ENCOURAGE someone. Don t worry. I m sure you ll do better this time. You can do it! We feel you should go ahead. Well done! You re doing very well. 180 Interlanguage: English for Senior High School Students XII

9 Task 9 Complete the dialogue below with appropriate expressions of stating objectives and encouraging. Compare your expressions with a classmate s. Situation: Arnys is going to go to the headmaster s office. She is going to ask for his approval of the proposal of holding a book fair at their school. She meets Denias and she asks him to come along. Arnys : Would you accompany me to the headmaster s office? Denias : Sure. What are you going to do, anyway? Arnys : Denias : Has the Students Association chairperson approved of it? Arnys : Yup. Okay, here we come. (knock, knock) Headmaster : Come in, please. Arnys & Denias : Good Afternoon, Sir. Headmaster :. How may I help you young people? Arnys : I would like to ask for your approval of our proposal, Sir. Headmaster : What is it about? Denias : It s about Headmaster : Well, what are the aims of holding such a programme? Arnys : Denias : Besides, Headmaster : It sounds interesting. I am impressed by your idea. Arnys : Thank you, Sir. So, do you accept the proposal? Headmaster : Sure. Continue your work. There is Definitely a lot of Helpful Information in the Book. 181

10 Task 10 Study the rules below. Conditional Sentences In expressing hopes/expectations, sometimes we use conditional sentences. A conditional sentence consists of two parts: Main Clause and If Clause. There are three main types of conditional sentences. 1. Type 1 (Future Possibilities) It is also called Probable Condition, meaning something is possible to occur now or in the future if the condition is fulfilled. If + S + Simple Present (V1/V -s/-es /is,am,are), S + will/can + infinitive S + will/can + infinitive + if + S + Simple Present (V1/V -s/-es /is,am,are) Example: If I have enough money, I will buy the book. (There is a real possibility for you to buy the book.) 2. Type 2 (Present Impossibilities) It is called Improbable Condition, meaning you are just imagining something, and it is contrary to the fact in the present time. If + S + Simple Past (V2), S + would/could/might + infinitive S + would/could/might + infinitive + if + S + Simple Past (V2) Example: If I had enough money, I would buy that expensive book. (You are imagining the situation; the fact is you do not have enough money). Note: The past form of be were is used for both singular and plural subjects in conditional sentence type 2, instead of was. Example: If I were rich, I would buy a car. 3. Type 3 (Past Impossibilities) It is an Impossible Condition, meaning it is contrary to the fact in the past, and there is no hope for the situation to occur because you were imagining something in the past. If + S + Past Perfect (had + V3), S + would/could/might + have+ V3 S + would/could/might + have + V3 + if + S + Past Perfect (had + V3) Example: If I had had enough money, I would have bought the first book. (The fact is you did not have enough money) 182 Interlanguage: English for Senior High School Students XII

11 Task 11 Rewrite the sentences using the correct forms. Example: If I knew the story, I (tell) you. If I knew the story, I would tell you. 1. If Denias had read the novel, he (know) the story. 2. If I (have) the money, I ll buy the new released novel. 3. If you save your money, you (be able to) buy the new released novel. 4. If I (know) that you were sick, I would have gone to see you. 5. If I (be) a president, I would not do any corruption. 6. If I knew his number, I (call) him. Task 12 Write a sentence using If-clause based on the given situations. Examples: a. I am not an author, so I don t write a novel. If I were an author, I would write a novel. b. She didn t know the story because she didn t read the book. If she had read the book, she would have known the story. 1. I didn t go to the library, so I didn t borrow any book. 2. Denias doesn t like reading, so he missed lots of information. 3. Today isn t a holiday, so I will not be able to finish reading my new novel. 4. I didn t go to London, so I didn t meet J.K. Rowling. 5. I don t buy the novel because I don t have enough money. 6. Adib didn t go to the library, so he didn t meet Arnys. There is Definitely a lot of Helpful Information in the Book. 183

12 Task 13 If you had a chance to be an author, what kind of book would you like to write? Tell it to the class in at least five sentences. Example: If I were good at writing, I would like to write a novel. I would write about teenagers and love. I think teenager world is the most exciting phase of human life, because it is in this phase that people usually begin to get to know about love. Love is something people cannot live without, something that is always pursued, and is an issue that never ends. People never get bored talking about love. And therefore, people will read my novel. Intermezzo The true University of these days is a collection of books. Thomas Arlyle ( ) Scottish historian and essayist Read and Write Task 14 Read a novel review of Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus below. Then, find the Indonesian equivalents of the words below based on the context or by looking up the meanings in your dictionary. Read the text again and answer the questions. admire (kki) buck up (ks) chore (kb) essence (kb) exaggerate (kki, kkt) fix (kkt) harassment (kb) interference (kb) manly (ks) nurturing (ks) rely (kki) retreat (kki) rock (kb) trusted (ks) 184 Interlanguage: English for Senior High School Students XII

13 Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus This book is great as a way of understanding how our culture trains boys and girls to be different. We teach girls that they can cry when they are sad, talk about their feelings, and share experiences with each other. We teach boys that they need to buck up and be manly, to hide the tears, to face it like a man, to be the rock on which the females can rely. It is no surprise that these lessons affect adults, and affect how male and females relate (or fail to relate) to each other. In essence, a few core themes run through the book, being supported by various examples, and different wording that help make the points clear. First, men are goal-oriented and when they are stressed, retreat to a cave to consider what to do. They want to come to a solution on their own. To try to help them while they are in the cave is counter productive. Men want to be trusted and admired. They want to feel that the woman believes in them. To question a man is to show your doubt. The book recommends if a man is lost while driving, or forgets something while travelling, to just be quiet and accept it. It will show your trust in him to get there eventually or to solve the problem. I m personally not sure if this is always wise advice. Women, on the other hand, are nurturing, expressive, feeling individuals who tend to use poetic license such as saying you ALWAYS forget to do that chore or you NEVER listen to me. The advice given to men is not to react to any of what women say literally. Most of what women want, according to the book, is just to be heard. Women don t want solutions or answers. They want to feel that their feelings are being heard and understood... they want to be held and be told Yes, yes, I understand. The book explains that men make the mistake of thinking women tell them things in order for the men to *fix* those things. Instead, the women tell them things in order to share their feelings, but aren t seeking actual resolutions. While I agree that women are trained to share feelings and to sometimes be overly emotional, to tell a man that women never want resolutions, and always exaggerate, is not treating a woman as a logical human being perfectly capable of wanting answers. There is definitely a lot of helpful information in the book. It is good to understand that society trains men to retreat to consider problems, and that they consider interference during this time as harassment instead of helpful. It s good to realize that women have emotional cycles and can sometimes be happy, and sometimes sad, and that nobody is always happy. This book definitely has interesting hints and tips, and interesting stories to share. It also has many generalizations that, for many individuals, simply do not apply. Questions 1. How does our culture train boys and girls? 2. How does our society teach girls? 3. What are boys supposed to be? Adapted from: Picture: There is Definitely a lot of Helpful Information in the Book. 185

14 4. What does the book say about men? 5. How does the book describe women? 6. What do women want most according to the book? 7. What are the reviewer s views about the book? Task 15 What do the following words refer to? 1. The word our in paragraph 1 sentence 1 refers to. 2. The word they in paragraph 1 sentence 2 refers to. 3. The word we in paragraph 1 sentence 3 refers to. 4. The word they in paragraph 3 sentence 1 refers to. 5. The word your in paragraph 4 sentence 3 refers to. 6. The word him in paragraph 4 sentence 5 refers to. 7. The word I in paragraph 4 sentence 5 refers to. 8. The word they in paragraph 5 sentence 5 refers to. 9. The word I in paragraph 6 sentence 1 refers to. 10. The word it in paragraph 7 sentence 5 refers to. Cultural Tips Q: To which side should a gentleman seat a female? A: A gentlemen at a social dinner party holds the chair and seats the female on his right. Q: Who gets on/off an elevator first, men or women? A: The person who reaches the elevator first or is closest to the door, regardless of gender, enters or exits an elevator first. Taken from: Task 16 Study the explanation below. The text in Task 14 is an example of a review text. Review texts are used to summarize, analyze, and respond to literary works as movies, novels, plays, and ballet performances. When you write a review, you should include: 1. Context this gives background information, e.g. title, author, type of work, setting, and a brief synopsis. 186 Interlanguage: English for Senior High School Students XII

15 2. Text description this describes the main characters and the pattern of their relationships. It also deals with some selected key incidents. 3. Judgement this is where the writer evaluates the work by giving an opinion or making a recommendation. Common grammatical features in review texts include: words describing characters present tense changes to past tense if texts have a historical setting persuasive language used in judgement Besides giving a review to a book, we can also give a review on other types of art works such as movies, plays, and music (songs). Task 17 Arrange the paragraphs below to make a good book review. Totto-chan The Little Girl at the Window by Tetsuko Kuroyanagi, Translated by Dorothy Britton Reviewed by Robert Reiser 1 2 It is probably one of the most important books I ve ever read. Not for its heavy philosophy, practical instructions, or memorable quotes; but for its simple message of how wonderful life can be when viewed through the eyes of an innocent child. Each story is only a page or two, each a delightful narrative of how Totto-chan views the world, and how Mr. Kuroyanagi inspires the children to explore, learn, feel and have joy. There are several charcoal drawings that capture the tenderness of the stories, making us feel a part of Totto-chan s world. 3 One of our favorite vignettes is the story of her losing her hat in the septic tank at the school, and proceeds to dig out. The headmaster walks by, and after a few questions to satisfy his curiosity, and hearing her earnest explanations, he lets her continue with the simple instruction, make sure you put it all back! daphne.blogs.com i t 4 5 Totto-chan, The Little Girl at the Window is a celebration of childhood, learning and caring We ve enjoyed reading one or two stories for bedtime off-and-on for a couple of years, and almost don t want to finish the book because it will mean there are no more stories. Totto-chan seems so real and loveable, and her headmaster is a role model for parents and teachers. Adapted from There is Definitely a lot of Helpful Information in the Book. 187

16 Task 18 Here is another novel review on The White Darkness. Read the review and find the Indonesian equivalents of the words below based on the context or by looking them up in your dictionary. Then, read the review again and give your opinion about it. confidante (kb) :... doomed (ks) :... emerge (kki) :... expertise (kb) :... grieving (ks) :... isolation (kb) :... mesmerized (ks) :... nasty (ks) :... pawn (kb) :... purity (kb) :... suspicious (ks) :... unmarred (ks) :... wry (ks) :... The White Darkness Geraldine McCaughrean HarperTeen Fiction/Action & Adventure ISBN-10: ISBN-13: pages Fourteen-year-old Symone is obsessed with Antarctic exploration. Ever since the death of her father, she has read every book and watched every movie she can find about Antarctica. She is particularly in love with with Capt. Lawrence Titus Oates, one of the explorers lost in the doomed Scott expedition. Titus is her companion and confidante, an imaginary friend who fills in for her grieving family and distant friends. Outside of Titus, the only person to take an interest in Sym s life is her Uncle Victor, a family friend who has cared for the family since her father s death. Uncle Victor feeds Sym s interest in Antarctica and arranges for a trip to the frozen continent. There, Sym must face the White Darkness, a phenomena of the polar summer where the sun never truly sets and the only indication of night is white, unmarred by shadow. Sym identifies with the purity, isolation and silence of the white continent. She sees herself as particularly suited to a place that others see as dead: God sketched Antarctica, then erased most of it again, in the hope a better idea would strike Him. Sym observes, At the centre is a blank whiteness where the planet isn t finished. It s the address for Nowhere...it mesmerized me. It was so empty, so blank, so clean, so dead. Surely, if I was ever to set foot down there, even I might finally exist. Surely, in this Continent of Nothingness, anything --- anyone --- had to be hugely alive by comparison! 188 Interlanguage: English for Senior High School Students XII

17 Sym does not know that she is a pawn in a larger conspiracy, subject to the fanatical beliefs of one man. Uncle Victor is obsessed with his own theories about discovery. He is less concerned with their ability to survive than in securing his place in history. Nasty secrets start to emerge as they travel across the ice. Sym must choose between trusting her uncle and listening to the inner voice she has always regarded as imaginary. THE WHITE DARKNESS is told entirely from Sym s point of view, offering her wry observations of the other travellers and sharing her expertise on the subject of the Arctic. Author Geraldine McCaughrean s biggest challenge is convincing the reader that a smart girl like Sym would be taken in by the suspicious circumstances of her trip with Uncle Victor. THE WHITE DARKNESS manages to ask some of big questions without compromising plot or pace. It is a book filled with action, mystery and the slightest touch of the supernatural. Its strange story will be appreciated by readers interested in survival tales and the shadow side of human nature. --- Reviewed by Sarah A. Wood adapted from: By the Way Antarctica is fifth largest of the Earth s seven continents. The southernmost, coldest, windiest, highest, most remote, and most recently discovered continent, it surrounds the South Pole, the point at the southern end of the Earth s axis. Almost completely covered by ice, Antarctica has no permanent human population. Adapted from: Microsoft Encarta Premium 2006 What is your opinion about the book? Do you think it is interesting or not? Why? Yes, No, Rate it: There is Definitely a lot of Helpful Information in the Book. 189

18 Task 19 Study the rules below. Preposition + -ing If a verb comes after a preposition (in/at/with/etc.), the verb ends in ing. Study the following examples: Sym must choose between trusting her uncle and listening to the inner voice she has always regarded as imaginary. You can use by ing to say how something happened: McCaughrean succeeds by invoking other polar explorers, many of whom might be regarded as madmen, making discovery at the expense of their own lives. You can use ing after without: THE WHITE DARKNESS manages to ask some of big questions without compromising plot or pace. You can use ing with before and after: Before leaving for Antarctica, Sym has read every book and watched every movie she can find about it. Sym became mesmerized after seeing the beauty of the White Darkness. Task 20 Combine the two sentences into one sentence using the words in the brackets. Look at the example. Example: Virga cuts an apple. She uses a knife. (by/use) Virga cuts an apple by using a knife. 1. Arnys took a bath. She had finished reading a book. (after/finish) 2. Ayu decides the book that she is going to buy. She compares the reviews from two reviewers. (by/compare) 3. Andi often buys books. He never reads book reviews. (without/read) 4. Retno s father always reads newspapers. He reads the newspaper every morning before he goes to work. (before/go) 5. Denias is confused. He cannot decide whether he is to borrow or buy the textbook. (between/borrow or buy) 190 Interlanguage: English for Senior High School Students XII

19 C. Let s Do More Task 21 Read the novel review below and then give your opinion/judgment. One Child By Torey Hayden Translated into Indonesian Sheila: Cinta Yang Hilang Reviewed by Danisa Mclean Reaching out at someone can make a world of difference on his or her future. Torey L Hayden, she was a teacher who worked with kids who are emotionally disturbed. She made a big impact on a little girl named Sheila. A six-year-old who was put into her class, because of her disorder, and they thought that Torey could get through to her. She didn t listen to anyone. This innocent little girl lived a hard life that no six years old should have to go through. She grew up in poverty and her mom abandoned her when she was too little to understand. She was left with her alcoholic father who always thought that spanking was the answer to everything. Kids don t know how lucky they are to have parents who care about them and their future, until they actually read this story. A teacher who sacrifices a lot just to reach one child, Torey Hayden could fit under that category. She inspires teacher to keep on teaching. Even though they feel like giving up on their students, because they feel like they can t reach them. Torey Hayden is faced with difficult decision, either she could stick with her principles or change the way she handles things. If she changes the way she handles things then she would have a higher chance of reaching out to Sheila. Have you ever put your whole heart into something and then finally achieved it? In this book the characters did the same. This book is very inspiring. It sits up good examples, to have compassion for other people, and you don t even have to know the person, personally to care about their well fair. This book is filled with a lot of emotions; some parts of this book may make you cry a little. When you read this book you actually feel like you re going through the same experience along with Sheila. It makes you want to reach out to her, and let her know that everything is going to be okay. Adapted from: /bookreview/reviewid/1234 What is your opinion/judgment? Write down here. Picture: 1. wordpress.com 2. There is Definitely a lot of Helpful Information in the Book. 191

20 D. Let s Check Your Competence Task 22 Work in groups of four. Choose one of the following situations. Create a dialogue and then perform it in your group. Situation 1 It is New Year s Eve. You and your friends are celebrating New Year s Eve together. In turn, express your hopes and expectations for the next year. Situation 2 Suppose one of you gets Rp1 million from a game show. State what you intend to do with the money. The others give responses, comments or suggestions. Situation 3 You are a member of the Students Association at your school. You got an idea to hold an event to celebrate the Independence Day. Propose your idea and plans and state your objectives of holding such an event. The others give comments and decide to accept or reject the proposal. Situation 4 You failed in the mid-semester exam. You think that you have done it well and become discouraged. Your classmates try to encourage you to study harder and pay more attention to the teachers. There is always a chance to improve your marks. Task 23 Read a novel that attracts your attention most. Write a review on the novel you read. The following points may help you. 1. What is the title of the novel? 2. Who is the author? 3. What is your general view about the novel? (Do you like or dislike it? Is it good or bad?) 4. Tell the story (synopsis) briefly. 5. How do you evaluate the novel? 6. What is your opinion about the novel? 7. Sum up your comment and opinion. 192 Interlanguage: English for Senior High School Students XII

21 E. Let s Make a Reflection Reflect on your learning in this unit and write down your reflection in the space below. What I like best in this unit: _ What I don t like in this unit: _ The improvement I have made after learning English in this unit: _ F. Let s Make a Summary In this unit you learn: 1. How to Express Hopes/Expectations I hope I can buy it by the end of this month. I also expect the same. I wish I had enough money to buy the book. 2. How to Express Intentions I intend to complete my collection. It is my intention to have my private library. I have every intention of building a public library. 3. How to State Objectives The objective is The aim is It is aimed at (V-ing) There is Definitely a lot of Helpful Information in the Book. 193

22 It aims to 4. How to Encourage Someone You have my support. Don t worry, I m sure you ll do better this time. You can do it! We feel you should go ahead. 5. Conditional Sentences Type 1 If + S + Simple Present (V1/V -s/-es /is,am,are), S + will/can + infinitive Type 2 If + S + Simple Past (V2), S + would/could/might + infinitive Type 3 If + S + Past Perfect (had + V3), S + would/could/might + have + V3 6. Preposition + -ing If a verb comes after a preposition (in/at/with/etc.), the verb ends in ing. 7. Review texts which function to summarize, analyze, and respond to literary works. Review texts have: 1. Context background information such as author, type of work, and a brief synopsis. 2. Text description some key incidents in the literary work. 3. Judgement evaluation, opinion or recommendation. 194 Interlanguage: English for Senior High School Students XII