Appendix I: Responses to DCT

Transcription

1 Appendix I: Responses to DCT Situation 1 (NSJ) 1) san no okage yo addressee-referent LK thanks to IP (Thanks to you.) 2) oishikatta? delicious (Was it nice?) 3) kochirakoso ii tokoro o oshiete moratte Rec good place O tell B receive (Thank you for telling me about the place.) 4) oishikatta? oshiete kurete arigatoo delicious tell B give-me TF (Was it delicious? Thanks for telling me [about the place].) 5) doo itashimashite how HUM do (You re welcome.) 6) doo itashimashite suupaa ni ike ba mada tokubai yatteru to omou yo how HUM do super market Lm go if still special sale doing Quo think IP (You re welcome. I think it is still on special.) 7) arigatoo, kochirakoso TF Rec (Thank you.) 8) doo itashimashite ikko de gomen ne Oishikatta? how HUM do one with AP IP delicious (You re welcome. I m sorry that I only gave you one. Was it good?) 9) watashi no hoo koso yoi nyusu o oshiete kudasatte arigatoo I LK side emph. good news O tell HON B give-me TF (Thank you for telling me the good news.) 10) wazuka de ohazukashii a little so embarrassed (I am embarrassed that it was such a small amount.) 11) kochirakoso yasui mise oshiete kurete arigatoo. Sukoshi shika agerare Rec cheap shop tell B give-me TF a little only B Pote give nakute gomen ne NEG AP IP (Thank you for telling me about a cheap place to get noodles. I am sorry I only gave you one pot.) 12) iyaa oreno hoo koso ii hanashi o arigatoo no my side emph. good information O TF (No. Thank you for the great news.) 13) mata baagen atta ra oshiete kure again bargain there is if tell B give-me (If you notice a bargain sale again, let me know.) 132

2 Appendix I ) doo itashimashite warukatta ne ikko dakede how HUM do AP (guilty) IP one only (You re welcome. I m sorry that it was only one pot.) 15) tabete mita? eat try (Have you tried it?) 16) ikko de warukatta na kondo wa mata nanika iimono o yaru yo one with AP (guilty) IP next time S again something good O B give IP (Sorry that I gave you only one, but I will give you something good next time.) 17) iie honno sukoshide no just a little (No, it was just a little.) 18) doo itashimashite motto takusan agere ba yokattan dakedo gomen ne how HUM do more many B give if good but AP IP (You re welcome. I should have given you more... I m sorry.) 19) iie hitotsu dakede gomennasai ne no one only AP IP (No, I m sorry that I gave you only one.) 20) ie ie kochirakoso oshiete itadaite doomo arigatoo. Uchi minna kappu no no Rec tell HUMB receive TF my family all cupnuudoru suki dakara tasukatta wa noodle like because T (being helped) IP (No, no, thank you for telling me about it. I was delighted because all of my family like cup noodles.) Situation 1 (NSE) It s OK, men, you re my friend. It s nothing. Don t mention it. Oh, don t be daft. Don t be sarcastic. That s OK. What did you think of them? That s OK. That s OK. All right, no problem. You re welcome. You are welcome. It s the least I could do. You re more than welcome. I hope you enjoyed them. Oh not at all. I hope you like them. You re welcome. I appreciated you telling me where I could get them. No, Thank you for telling me about it. That s OK, thanks for telling me where to buy them. Not at all, thanks for the info. Not at all thanks for letting me know about them.

3 134 Appendix I Oh! no! Thank you for letting me know they were on sale. Did you like them? Situation 1 (L2J) 1) ii yo OK IP (That s OK) 2) oishikatta? Delicious (Was it good?) 3) nandemonai yo nothing IP (It s nothing.) 4) a iie no (No.) 5) ie ie no no (No.) 6) ie ie 7) iie suupaa ni aru no o oshiete kurete doomo no super market at there is NOM O tell B give-me TF (No. Thank you for telling me they were available at the supermarket.) 8) iie no (No.) 9) doo itashimashite how HUM do (You re welcome.) 10) doo itashimashite how HUM do (You re welcome.) Situation 2 (NSJ) 1) uun, kocchikoso mottekaette kurete arigatoo no Rec take home B give-me TF (No, thank you for taking it home.) 2) uun, yakunitatte yokatta wa no useful good IP (No, I m glad that you find it useful.) 3) iya iya, kochirakoso tasukarimashita yo no no Rec T (being helped) IP (No, no, thank you. It helped me out.) 4) iranaku natta ra kaeshite ne no use become if return IP (When you don t need it any longer, you can return it.) 5) ie ie, furui konpuutaa dakedo ne. nanika atta ra oshiete ne no no old computer though IP something happen if tell IP (No, no, it s an old computer, though. Tell me if there are any problems.)

4 Appendix I 135 6) chooshi wa doo? condition S how (How is it?) 7) tsukatte mita? doo datta? watashi mo choodo yokatta use try how COP I also just glad (Have you tried it? How was it? It suited me really well too.) 8) iyaa, kaette moratte itadaite arigatoo no contrary B receive HUM B receive TF (No, thank you for taking it.) 9) furui monode gomennasai. yakunitatte ureshii wa old thing AP (forgive me) useful glad IP (Sorry that it is an old computer, but I m glad that you find it useful.) 10) ofurude gomennasai ne old one AP (forgive me) IP (Sorry it s an old one.) 11) kochirakoso tasukarimashita arigatoo wakara nai koto ga atta ra Rec T (being helped) TF understand NEG thing S there is if kiite kudasai ask B give-me (Thank you. It helped me out. Let me know if you have any trouble.) 12) iyaa, kochirakoso shobun ni komatteta kara sugoku tasukatta yo, No Rec dispose in trouble so very T (being helped) IP arigatoo TF (No. Thank you. I had trouble disposing of the computer, so it is a great help.) 13) ie ie moratte kurete arigatoo no no B receive B give-me TF (No, no, thank you for taking it.) 14) iie doo itashimashite, tsukae sou desu ka? no how HUM do Pote use seem COP Q (No, you re welcome. Any use to you?) 15) uun, okutokoroni komatteita kara kaette sukkirishite yokatta no place to put in trouble so contrary tidy/spacious glad (No. I had trouble finding a space for it, and so I m glad that I have more space now.) 16) iyaa, okibasho ni komatteitande choodo yokatta yo. tsukae nakat tara no place to put for in trouble just glad IP Pote use NEG if sutete kamawa nai yo dispose matter NEG IP (No, I am glad because I had trouble with finding space for it. You can get rid of it when it does not work.) 17) tsukatte kureruto ureshii shi use B give-me glad and (I am glad if you can use it.) 18) moratte morai tasukatta yo tsukatte kudasai B receive B receive T (being helped) IP use B give-me (Thank you for taking it. It helped me out. Please use it.) 19) tsukatte moraere ba ureshii yo use B Pote receive if glad IP (I am glad if you make use of it.)

5 136 Appendix I 20) iya. doo deshita ka kiniitte moraemashita ka? no how COP Q like B Pote receive Q (No. How was it? Do you like it?) Situation 2 (NSE) No problem. You re welcome. I hope you can make good use of it. That s OK; glad someone has a use for it. I m very glad you could make use of it. I m so glad you will find it useful. That s OK, I wasn t using it any more, I hope you can find use for it. It doesn t matter, I didn t need it anyway. No, that s fine. It was getting in the way, anyway. No, it s OK, I don t need it. No problem, it was just taking up space anyway. Oh, please don t worry. I was not going to use it any more anyway. Don t thank me, I wanted to put it in the bin anyway. I hope it will be of use to you. Have you tried to use it yet? It is my pleasure, you have helped me out. That s alright. I m glad to get it off my hands. No, thank you for taking it off my hands. Thanks for taking it. Does it work? Situation 2 (L2J) 1) ii desu, hontooni tsukauhito ga ite yokatta OK COP really person who use it S there is glad (That s fine. I am really glad that there is a person who could make use of it.) 2) doo itashimashite sono konpuutaa wa tsukawa nai kara how HUM do that computer S use NEG because (You re welcome. I don t use the computer anyway.) 3) unn ii yo ira nai kara no OK IP need NEG because (That s OK, I don t need it.) 4) ie ie tasuka ttara yokatta no no being helped if glad (No, no, I am glad if it is of help to you.) 5) ie ie jitsuwa supeesu ga nakatta kara watashi ga arigatai desu no no in fact space S there s no so I S glad COP (No, no. In fact, there was no space for it, I am glad.) 6) doo itashimashite basho ga aite kochirakoso arigatai desu how HUM do space S emptied Rec glad COP (You re welcome. I am glad that I have more space.) 7) iie, daijoobu datta? moshi mondai attara itte ne no OK COP if problem there is tell IP (No, was it OK? Let me know if there is a problem.)

6 Appendix I 137 8) ie ie doo itashimashite no no how HUM do (No, no, you re welcome.) 9) ie ie doo itashimashite no no how HUM do (No, no, you re welcome.) 10) ie ie watashinotameni benri desu kara sore wa nandemonai no no for me convenient COP because this S nothing (No, no, it s convenient for me, so it was nothing.) Situation 3 (NSJ) 1) iie kite kurete arigatoo no come B give-me TF (No. Thank you for coming.) 2) kochirakoso wain oishikatta yo mata yokat tara asobinikina yo Rec wine delicious IP again good if come to visit IP (Thank you. The wine was delicious. Visit me again if you can.) 3) iie kochirakoso kaette wain sumimasendeshita no Rec contrary wine AP (No. Thank you. Thanks for the wine.) 4) Tooi tokoro arigatoo. oishii wain made itadaki kochirakoso far place TF delicious wine also HUM B receive Rec gochisoosamadeshita. mata odekake kudasai TF(thank for food/drink offered) again HON visit B give-me (Thank you for coming a long distance. Thank you for the delicious wine too. Please visit us again.) 5) doo itashimashite kochirakoso tooku kara kite itadaite soreni how HUM do Rec far from come HUM B receive also subarashii omiyage made itadaite kyooshukushimashita beautiful present also HUMB receive AP (feel ashamed) (You re welcome. Thank you for coming a long distance, and I am also grateful for the present.) 6) kite kurete arigatoo. mata paatii shimashoo come B give-me TF again party let s do (Thank you for coming. Let s have a party again.) 7) iie kochirakoso doomo kookyu wain o arigatoo. totemo no Rec in many ways high quality wine O TF very tanoshikatta desu ne mata yaroo ne, jaamata enjoyable COP IP again do IP well then (No. Thank you for the quality wine. We had a good time, didn t we? Let s do it again.) 8) doo itashimashite mezurashii wain o arigatoo how HUM do rare wine O TF (You re welcome. Thank you for the rare wine.) 9) enro okoshi itadaite arigatoo. totemo tanoshikatta. sonoue long distance HON come HUMB receive TF very enjoyable in addition kookana temiage made itadaite mooshiwakenai expensive present also HUMB receive AP (Thank you for coming a long distance. I had a good time. Thank you for the expensive present too.)

7 138 Appendix I 10) tooi tokoro kite itadaki mooshiwakenakatta wa hontooni arigatoo far place come HUMB receive AP IP really TF kondo irassharu toki wa nanimo mota naide kite kudasai ne next time HONcome when S anything bring NEG come B give-me IP (I am sorry that you had to come a long distance, and thank you for coming. Please do not worry about bringing anything next time you come.) 11) iie tondemonai. kochirakoso kookana wain o arigatoo no heavens no Rec expensive wine O TF (No, not at all. Thank you for the expensive wine.) 12) Iyaa. Kinoo no wain wa hontooni oishikatta. Anata mo kinoo wa well yesterday LK wine S really delicious you also yesterday S tanoshinde moraemashita ka enjoy B Pote receive Q (No. The wine was so nice. I hope you enjoyed the lunch.) 13) kochirakoso kookana wain o arigatoo Rec expensive wine O TF (Thank you for the expensive wine.) 14) tanoshikatta ne, wain mo gochisoosama. Sonouchi mata ippai yaroo enjoyable IP wine also TF in future again drink let s do (We had a good time, didn t we? Thank you for the wine. Let s get together in future.) 15) kochirakoso oishii wain o arigatoo, totemo oishikatta yo mata oishii Rec delicious wine O TF very delicious IP again delicious wain o isshoni nomoo ne wine O together let s drink IP (Thank you for the nice wine, it was quite delicious. Let s have another one again.) 16) kochirakoso oishii wain o arigatoo gozaimashita Rec delicious wine O TF (Thank you for the nice wine.) 17) goteineini. kookana mono o itadai chatte kaette gomeiwaku politely expensive thing O HUM B receive regrettably contrary trouble kaketa wane gomennasai ne cause IP AP IP (I appreciate your politeness. Thank you for the expensive thing, and I am sorry to have caused you the trouble [buying expensive wine].) 18) iie, tooi tokoro kara kite kurete arigatoo No, distant place from come B giving-me TF (No. Thanks for coming all this way.) 19) kochirakoso oishii wain o arigatoo Rec delicious wine O TF (Thank you for the nice wine.) 20) iya kochirakoso wain o itadaite doomo arigatoo totemo tanoshikatta desu no Rec wine O HUMB receive TF very enjoyable COP (No. Thank you for the wine. I enjoyed the lunch with you very much.)

8 Appendix I 139 Situation 3 (NSE) You re welcome, many thanks for the wine. I m glad you enjoyed yourself. Thank you for the wine, it made lunch all the more enjoyable. Thanks for the wine! It was nice to see you. That s OK, thanks for the wine. No, it was nice to see you, thanks for the wine. Oh, not at all. Thanks for coming all that way to see me. Thank you for the wine. My pleasure, Sorry to drag you all the way from ---. Oh, and thanks for the wine. Well, the wine you brought made it even nicer. I hope you enjoyed yourself because I did. Thanks for coming all the way over too. Thank you very much for the German wine. That s OK. Thanks for the wine. Did you have a safe journey back? No, thanks for coming. No it s me that should thank you for the wine. Thanks for coming and for the wine. Thank you for lovely wine. It was lovely to see you and thank you so much for the wine. Situation 3 (L2J) 1) doo itashimashite oishii wain o arigatoo how HUM do delicious wine O TF (You re welcome. Thank you for the delicious wine.) 2) doo itashimashite wain arigatoo how HUM do wine TF (You re welcome. Thank you for the wine.) 3) ii yo wain o arigatoo OK IP wine O TF (That s OK. Thank you for the wine.) 4) iie wain o kurete arigatoo totemo oishikatta doitsuno wain wa totemo no wine O B give-me TF very delicious German wine S very oishii desu ne delicious COP IP (No, thank you for giving me the wine. It was delicious. German wine is very nice, isn t it?) 5) ie tondemonai ranchi wa totemo tanoshikatta isshoni tabeta kara. doitsu no heavens no lunch S very enjoyable together eat because German wain o arigatoo wine O TF (Not at all. I enjoyed the lunch with you. Thank you for the German wine.) 6) iie kochirakoso taka soona doitsu wain o moratte warukatta kedo no Rec expensive look German wine O B receive AP but

9 140 Appendix I doomo arigatoo TF (No, thank you. I feel guilty about the expensive German wine that you gave me.) 7) ie ie wain o kurete doomo arigatoo takakatta deshoo no no wine O B give-me TF expensive TAG (No, thank you for giving me the wine. It must have been expensive.) 8) kochirakoso wazawaza kite itadaite arigatoo Rec going through the trouble come HUMB TF (Thank you. Thank you for coming all that way.) 9) kochirakoso kite kurete arigatoo soreni oishii wain o arigatoo Rec come B give-me TF also delicious wine O TF (Thank you for coming, and also for the delicious wine.) 10) sore wa nandemonai wain o motte ikimashita kara doomo arigatoo that S nothing wine O bring go because TF (That is nothing. Thank you for bringing the wine.)

10 Appendix II: Transcription Conventions for Study 2 and Study 3 [ ]: turns which overlap = : latched utterances : stress. : a falling final contour, : a continuing contour? : a strong rising contour! : a strong animated tone (.) : a micropause : : prolongation of a sound - : an abrupt cutoff upper: emphatic voice key /???/ : inaudible utterance /name/ the name of either an addresser, an addressee or a referent -Study 2 only- DB : deep bow (bow from the waist) LB : light bow (bow of the head) 141

11 Appendix III: Transcriptions of the Role-Plays (Study 2) Role-play 1 (G: Female late 40s, H: Male early 40s) H(1): ja: mata ie ga mitsukatte yokatta yone.= well again house S being found good IP (Well, I am glad that you found a place to live.) G(2): DB =soo desu ne.:: nishuukan mo osewanina[rimashita.] so COP IP two weeks as many as T (being looked after) (Indeed, thank you for looking after me for two whole weeks.) H(3): DB [iie tondemo]arimasen. iya:: no heavens no well ano nanka:: iroiro shite moratta shi,:: kini nasara naide kudasai something variou do B receive and mind HON do NEG B give-me (No, not at all, you have done many things for me, so please do not worry about it.) G(4): ano maa:: chiisai ie nandesu kedo tamani asobiniirashite kudasai well small house COP but occasionally HON come B give-me (Well, even though it s a small house, please come to visit sometimes.) H(5): DB LB ah! itte mo ii desu ka? doomo [arigatoo gozaimasu.] come even if OK COP Q TF (Oh, is it all right if I visit you? Thank you.) G(6): [hai, doozo doozo,] yes, please please (Yes, please do.) H(7): jaa:: sono tokini ne:: u::::n: nanika wain ka nanika motte kimasu kara, well that occasion IP well something wine or something bring come so nanika wain ni au [ryoori o ne! tsukutte kudasai.] something wine to suitable dishes O IP cook B give-me 142

12 Appendix III 143 (Well, I will bring over a bottle of wine so, please prepare something that will go with the wine.) G(8): LB [soo desu ne hai! watashi ga] tsukutte okimasu node, so COP IP yes I S cook for (this purpose) so (Yes, I will cook something to go with it.) Role-play 2 (G: Female early 50s, H: Female mid 30s) G(1): start finish DB DB ah- /family name/san iroiro osewani narimashite, arigatoo gozaimashita. H s name various T (being looked after) TF (H, thank you for looking after me.) H(2): ah- iie iie taishita koto mo deki masende, yatto mitsukatte yokatta desu ne. ah no no big thing even can NEG finally found glad COP IP (Oh no, no, I couldn t do much for you. I m glad that you finally found a place to live.) G(3): soo desu ne:: ah- kondo kite kara nishuukan mo isoorooshite shimatte,= so COP IP this time come since two weeks as many as HUM stay regrettably (Indeed, I ended up staying for two weeks.) H(4): =iie iie kaette tanoshikatta desu. itsumoto chigatte,:: ano:: osooji toka mo no no contrary enjoyable COP usual different well cleaning etc. aswe DB shite kudasatte, kaette tasukarimashita do HONB give-me contrary T (being helped) (No, no. I enjoyed it on the contrary. It was a change from the normal routine... and also you cleaned the house for me. It was you who helped me.) G(5): DB ahhh:: iie no (Oh, no, that s not the case.) H(6): mata kite kudasai! again come B give-me (Come over to my place again!)

13 144 Appendix III G(7): aa- arigatoo gozaimasu ah- ie nimo ano kono chikaku desu kara sugu TF (my) house too well this nearby COP since soon ano:: mata kagu nado soroimashi tara, kite kudasai well again furniture etc. being arranged when come B give-me (Thank you very much. My house is close by so when furniture is arranged, please come and visit me.) Role-play 3 (G: Male mid 30s, H: Female early 40s) G (1): LB LB DB /family name/ san doomo ano:: nishuukan osewani narimashita. H s family name in many ways well two weeks T (being looked after) (H, thank you very much for the last two weeks.) H (2): iie no (No.) G (3): nanka, hontooni ano:: tasukarimashita. well really well T (being helped) (You really helped me a lot.) H (4): iie nanimo shite nai janai. <gesture: both hands facing down shaking side to side> no anything do NEG TAG (No, I didn t do anything, did I?) G (5): iyaa: nankamoo meruborun ni kitabakaride, ano:: doko ni sume ba ii noka well really Melbourne Lm just have come well where Lm live if good Q LB nanimo wakarimasendeshita kara, ano hontooni iroiro oshiete itadaite anything didn t know so well really various teach HUM B receive DB arigatoo [gozaimashita.] TF (Well, I just came to Melbourne recently, so I didn t know where to live, so... I really appreciate your advice and information.)

14 Appendix III 145 H (6): [iie demo] ii tokoro ga mitsukatte yokatta desu ne no but good place S being found good COP IP (It was nothing, by the way, I m glad that you found good accommodation.) G (7): hai soo desu ne nanka iroiro adobaisu shite itadaketa node,:: yes so COP IP well various advice do HUM B receive so LB oshokuji toka made ne tsukutte itadaite, HON meals etc. even IP cook HUM B receive (Yes, indeed; well, you gave me various bits of advice, and even cooked meals for me.) H (8): demo watashi wa kaette, tasuka cchatta wa. araimono toka but I S contrary T (being helped) regrettably IP washing-up etc. shite mora cchatta shi do B receive regrettably and so on (But on the contrary, I have been helped, really. You did the washing-up and so on.) *[right hand face down shaking] G (9): ah:: iya iya sore[guraiwa::] oh no no that much (nothing) (Oh, no, that was the least I could do.) H(10): [watashi tsukuru] no wa iin desu kedo araimono toka I cooking NOM S OK COP but washing-up etc. sooiu atokatazuke kirai dakara, honto kaette things like tidying-up hate because really contrary [tasukatta kara kinishinaide?] (I) being helped so don t worry (I don t mind cooking but I don t like washing-up, tidying up and stuff. It was you who helped me out, so don t worry.) G(11): LB DB [a- sou osshatte itadake]ru to ano arigatain desu, doomo arigatoo well so HON say HUM B Pote receive if well grateful COP TF (I am grateful that you said that to me. Thank you.) H(12): iie iie no no (Continued: 4 more turns which included H s unspecified invitation)

15 146 Appendix III Role-play 4 (G: Female 29, H: Male 28) G(1): DB hontooni doomo iroiro osewani [narimashita] really in many ways various T (being looked after) (Thank you for everything.) H(2): [iya iya] taishita koto shite nai kedo ne no no big thing do NEG but IP ma:: iroiro ochitsuitatte kotode um korekara doo sunno? well various being settled NOM well from now how do (I didn t do a lot for you, but, well, I m happy to know that you have settled down. What are you going to do then?) G(3): ano:: yatto ie ga mitsukatte ano::kondo jibunde ichi kara yatte ikoo kana to well finally house Sbeing found well this time my self one from do go wonder NOM omotteirun desu kedo honto meruborun ni kite suguni nannimo migimo thinking COP but really Melbourne Lm come soon nothing right LB hidarimo waka ranakute(.) moohontooni iroiro osewa ni narimashita left know NEG really various T (looked after) DB tasukarimashita T (being helped) (Well, finally I found the place to live in, and I will start a new life by myself. When I got here to Melbourne, I knew nothing about the place, but you looked after me and helped me by all means.) H(4): iya iya ma: ma: ano nanika attara ma:(.) itsudemo yotte kudasai. no no well well something happen well any time come B give-me (No, no well, you know, visit me whenever you feel like.) G(5): LB arigatoo gozaimasu. hontoonimoo shokuji kara nani kara tsukutte moratte TF really meal from what from cook B receive (Thank you very much. You cooked meals and did other things for me.) H(6): iya ma: sonokawari ne ano: uchi no mendoo minna mite moratta kara= no well instead of this IP well house LK chore all do B receive so (Well you did all the house chores for me instead.)

16 Appendix III 147 G(7): =ie ie= no no (No, no.) H(8): =kaette raku datta {laugh} contrary restful COP (On the contrary, I was comfortable.) G(9): DB ie ie tondemonai desu mata nanika atta ra yoroshiku onegaishimasu no no heavens no COP again something happens if RF (No, not at all. Next time too, yoroshiku onegaishimasu. [see section for the meaning]) H(10): wakarimashita ja: ma: kiotsukete. understood then well take care (Sure, well then, take care.) Role-play 5 (G: Female 27, H: Male 18) H(1): ie ga mitsukatte yokatta desu yone /first name/ san house S being found good COP IP G s name (You must be glad that you have found a house to live in, G.) G(2): DB hai (.) imamade osewani narimashita= yes up to now T (being looked after) (Yes. Thank you for looking after me until today.) H(3): =ie ie ie moo taihen deshita ne ano:: sagasu no toka no no no really hard COP IP well search NOM etc. (No, no, no. It must have been hard, I mean searching for a place to live.) G(4): ne: omotta yori jikan mo kakatta shi IP think more than time also took as well (Indeed, it took more time than I thought.) H(5): aa dokorahen deshita kke? whereabouts BE Q (Whereabouts? Did you tell me?)

17 148 Appendix III G(6): kondowa ricchimondo ni sumimasu. this time Richmond Lm live (Richmond, this time.) H(7): ricchimondo desu ka: ii tokoro desu ne Richmond COP Q good place COP IP (Richmond? A good area, isn t it?) G(8): LB LB hai arigatoo gozaimasu. yes TF (Yeah, thanks.) H(9): ja: mata asobinikite kudasai uchi ni well again drop in B give-me my house Lm (Well, drop in again.) G(10): hai /first name/chan mo zehi uchi ni asobinikite kudasai yes H s name also definitely my house Lm drop in B give-me (Sure, so you will, definitely.) H(11): DB arigatoo gozaimasu TF (Thank you.) G(12): DB ima made iroiro osewa ni narimashita now until variously T (being looked after) (Thank you for your help.) H(13): LB ie ie ie ja: mata no no no well then (No, no, no. Well then,) G(14): hai yes (Yes.)

18 Appendix III 149 Role-play 6 (G: Male18, H: Male 27) G(1): a- /family name/ san sumu tokoro ga kima cchattan desu yo H s family name live place O decided regrettably COP IP (H, I m afraid that I ve decided on a place to live in.) H(2): LB a- soo desu ka::sorewa sorewa(..)demo ma:: yokattan janai desu ka? atarashii so COP Q well well but well good TAG COP Q new sumutokoro ga mitsukatte, place to live S being found (Is that so? But, you are glad to have found a new place to live in, aren t you?) G(3): soo desu yone. so COP IP (Yes, I am.) H(4): omedetoo gozaimasu congratulations (Congratulations!) G(5): DB{pretending to give H money} ma:: kore sukunain desu kedo nihyaku doru [doomo arigatoo gozaimashita] well this a little COP but 200 dollar TF (It s not much but, here is 200 dollars for you, Thank you very much.) H(6): DB{receiving money} [a- doomo wazawaza] arigatoo TF gozaimasu kiotsukatte itadaite ja: a- ano:: kiotsukete consider HUM B receive well take care (Thank you for your consideration. Well then look after yourself.) G(7): LB LB mata asobinikimasunde mata yoroshiku onegaishimasu. again drop in again RF (requestive formula) (I will drop in again. yoroshiku onegaishimasu ) H(8): LB doomo doomo TF

19 150 Appendix III Role-play 7 (G: Female 37, H: Female 37) G(1): DB hontooni nishuukan mo iroiro osewaninatte arigatoo gozaimashita, really two weeks as long as various T (being looked after) TF (Thank you very much for taking care of me for two weeks.) H(2): DB tondemonai desu, heavens no COP (Not at all.) G(3): nanka moo zenbu nani kara nani made yatte itadai chatte::, honto well everything what from what up to do HUMB receive regrettably really suimasen, arigatoo gozaimashita AP TF (I am indebted to you. Thank you for everything.) H(4): watashi ga tsukuru ryoori oishikatta kashira. I S cook meals delicious Q (female speech) (I wonder if the meals that I cooked were good.) G(5): ee,(laugh) moo tottemo oishikatta desu, arigatoo gozaimasu. yes really very delicious COP TF (Yes, they were quite delicious, thank you.) H(6): tondemonai kochirakoso moo maikai maikai osara toka iroiro heavens no Rec really every time every time plates etc. various aratte moratte tottemo tasukatta wa! wash B receive very T (being helped) IP (Not at all, thank you for washing dishes and doing other things for me. You helped me a lot.) G(7): iya: soo kana, hontoo nanimo deki nakute, iya mata aratamete well so doubt really nothing could NEG well again in another occasion DB oreishimasuke, orei ni ukagaimasu kedomo, hontooni arigatoo thank thank for HUM come but really TF gozaimashita (Well, I doubt it. I couldn t do anything to help you really. I will I will come to thank you properly on another occasion.)

20 Appendix III 151 H(8): LB tondemonai desu(.) moo itudemo chikakuni yotta toki wa mata zehi heavens no COP any time nearby come when S again definitely DB irashite kudasai. hontooni kochirakoso osewa ni narimashita HON come B give-me really Rec T (being looked after) (Heavens no! But when you come nearby for other reasons, do visit me. Really, thank you for your consideration.) G(9): DB arigatoo gozaimashita. soreja:: TF well then (Thank you very much. Well then,) H(10): okiotukete ogenkide. take care keep in good health (Take care.) Role-play 8 (G: Male 50, H: Female 49) G(1): DB Doomo nishuukan arigatoo goz[aimashita hontooni,] in many ways two weeks TF really (Thank you very much for the last two weeks.) H(2): DB [ii- tondemogozai ma]sen= no HUM heavens no (Not at all.) G(3): = ano:: tasukarimashita kore de meruborun no uchi ga ichioo well T (being helped) this with Melbourne LK house S at least mitsukairmashita node, being found because (Thanks to you, I have found a house to live in Melbourne.) H(4): hai. yes (Yes.)

21 152 Appendix III G(5): kyoode oitoma sasete itadakimasu ga hontoni nishuukan arigatoo today HUM leave CAU HUM receive but really two weeks TF LB gozaimashita. sorede anoo chooshoku to yuushoku:: ano::: osewaninattan de and well breakfast and dinner well T (being looked after) so <touching his pocket with the right hand> zehi sono okane dake wa shiha[ratte] definitely well money just at least pay (so, I am leaving today. Thank you very much for the last two weeks. Now, I would like to, at least, pay for the meals that you prepared for me.) H(6): DB [A- ] iie sore wa tondemogozai[masen] no that HUM heavens no (Oh, no!) G(7): [ano: ] well kaeritain desu kedo want to go COP but (then I leave.) H(8): ano iro iro ie no nakano osooji toka osara arai nado mo shite well various house LK domestic cleaning etc. plates washing etc. also do itadakimashita shi okane no koto wa nukini HUM B receive as well money LK things S exclude DB [shite itadaite kekkou degozaimasu node] do HUM B receive fine HUM COP so (Well, you did chores like cleaning and washing-up for me, and money is not required.) G(9): [IE IE IE demo::: ano:::] kore wa hoteru toka tomaru to hontooni no no no but well this S hotel etc. stay if really takaimon desu kara sukoshi dake demo yooi sasete expensive COP so a little only even prepare CAU DB (pretending to give H money) itadakimashita node zehi kore o hikitotte kudasai HUM B receive so definitely this O receive B give-me (No, no, no. Well, had I stayed at a hotel, it would have been very expensive. So I prepared some money, although it is just a little. Please do accept this.)

22 Appendix III 153 H(10): DB (laughing) hontooni sonohennotokoro wa goshinpai nasara zuni, really things about this S HON worry HON do NEG (Please do not worry about that.) G(11): hontooni yoroshiin desu ka? demo ano::: really OK COP Q but well (Are you really sure? But, well...) H(12): LB LB kochira saisho kara sono tsumoride orimashita node doozo goshinpai naku my side the beginning from that intention HUM BE therefore please HON worry NEG (I had that intention at the very beginning, so, please do not worry.) G(13): honno ne saisho no tsumori dewa moo ano:: nisannichide just IP beginning LK intention S well well two to three days to omottetan desu kedo nakanaka mitsukara Quo thinking COP but easily found nak[atta monde, nishuukan made nobite shimatta]n desu keredomo NEG therefore two weeks up to extend regrettably COP however (Initially, I thought I could find a place within two to three days, but I could hardly find one and ended up staying for two weeks.) H(14): [ee:: chotto muzukashii desu monone::::: ] yes a little difficult COP IP (Yes, I know it was difficult, wasn t it?) G(15): nishuukan dakara koso kore wa dooshitemo oiteikanakutewaikenai to two weeks because emph. this S definitely must leave money Quo DB (pretending to give H money) omotte, ano:: doozo otori kudasai think well please HON accept B give-me (Because I stayed two weeks, I thought I must definitely leave this [money]. So please accept this.) H(16): DB DB ie ie hontooni sore wa komarimasu node, no no really that S troublesome so (No, no, honestly, it is not a good idea.)

23 154 Appendix III G(17): a- soo desu ka? so COP Q (Are you sure?) H(18): hontooni okigane naku really HON worry NEG (Please do not worry.) G(19): iya:: soreja:: hontooni mooshiwakenakute(.) ano:: moshi nihon ni ano well in that case really AP well if Japan to well DB irassharu koto ga are ba kochirade ja: zehi mendoomi sashite HON come NOM S there is if I well definitely look after CAU DB itadakimasu node. HUM B receive so (Well I am indebted to you. In that case, please let me look after you when you come to Japan.) H(20): DB a- soo desu ne sonoyoona kikai ga aru kamoshiremasen node ja: so COP IP these opportunity S there is maybe so well sonotoki wa [yoroshiku onegaishimasu] at that time S RF (There may be an opportunity, yes. When it happens, yoroshiku onegaishimasu ) G(21): DB [soo desu ka ja:] hontooni arigatoo gozaimashita so COP Q well really TF DB [doomo] (Is that so? Thank you very much.) H(22): DB [iie ton]demo gozaimasen mata ano tokidoki asobini[irasshatte kudasai] ne. no heavens HUM NEG again well occasionally HON visit B give-me IP (Not at all. Please visit me from time to time.) G(23): LB [a- sore wa moo::] that S of course

24 Appendix III 155 LB DB zehi mata kimasu node yoroshiku onegaishimasu. definitely again come so RF (Of course, I will. yoroshiku onegaishimasu ) H(24): Ja:: ato nanika kochirade otetsudai dekiru koto ga gozaimashi tara well something I HUM help can things S HUM there is if goenryo naku odenwa demo kudasai. HON hold back NEG HON telephone for example B give-me (Well then, if there is something I can help, please do not hesitate to call me.) G(25): LB soo desu ka arigatoo gozaimasu hontooni tasukarimashita. doomo so COP Q TF really T(being helped) TF DB arigatoo gozaimasu (Is that so? Thank you very much for your help.) H(26): DB doomo. yoroshikatta desu ne TF HON good COP IP (It was great to have found a place, wasn t it?) G(27): ha yes (Yes.) Role-play 9 (G: Male 49, H: Female 50) G(1): DB doomo arigatoo gozaimashi ta [nishuukan] TF two weeks (Thank you very much, for the last two weeks.) H(2): DB [iie::] no (No.) {laugh} G(3): e:: taihen shokuji mo oishikute arigatoo gozaimashita well very meal also delicious TF (Well, meals were delicious, thank you very much for that too.)

25 156 Appendix III H(4): G:DB(G s bow) nanno okamae mo shi masende mata kondo irashita toki ni wa zehi any treat even do NEG again next time HON come ime at S definitely G:DB ano oishii yuuhan toka chooshoku o da sasete [itadakimasu node,] well delicious dinner and breakfast O serve CAU HUM B receive so (I did nothing special for you, but when you come next time, I would love to offer delicious dinner and breakfast.) G(5): DB [arigatoo gozaimasu] TF (Thank you.) H(6): LB mata irashite kudasai again HON come B give-me (Please come here again.) G(7): DB arigatoo gozaimasu(.) soreja:: ano ogenkide TF well good health (Thank you very much. Take care.) H(8): DB arigatoo gozaimasu sensei mo [ogenkide] TF teacher also good health (Thank you very much, same to you.) G(9): [chikaku desu node] zehi mata asobinikite nearby COP so definitely again visit kudasai B give-me (Since your place is nearby, please visit me again.) H(10): a- soo desu ne so COP IP (I do.)

26 Appendix III 157 Role-play 10 (G: Male 34, H: Female 30) G(1): DB DB nagai aida doomo suimasen. honto iroiro osewani narimashita long period AP really various T (being looked after) (Thank you very much for I am indebted to you.) H(2): LB ie kochirakoso kaji iroiro shite itadaite totemo tasukarimashita no Rec chore various do HONB receive very T (being helped) (No, the same to you, you did various house chores for me. That helped.) G(3): ie ie(..) mattaku hontooni ne:: ne: itsu derareru ka wakara nai jookyoode ne no no completely really IP IP when Pote go Q know NEG situation IP zutto ite ne ite mooshiwakenai to omottemasu long time stay IP stay AP Quo think (No, no. I am sorry that I stayed for such a long time without knowing when to go.) H(4): ie daijoobu desu. mata asobinikite kudasai no fine COP again visit B give-me (No, that s OK. Please visit me again.) G(5): chokuchoku kimasu kedo ne often come but IP (I ll come often.) H(6): ja:: mattemasu well then wait (Well then, I ll wait for it.) G(7): DB a- soo desu ka ja shitsurei shimasu so COP Q well rudeness do (Will you? Well then, goodbye.)

27 Appendix IV: Transcriptions of the Telephone Conversations (Study 3) Telephone conversation 1 TC 1 A: F1(35) B: M1(35) A has known B for more than ten years. B is A s husband old friend. B came to see A and her husband a few days prior to the conversation. B came to know then that the A family were in need of a family wagon for a trip. Later B offered his car. He cleaned the car and made it available for the A family. A phoned B to thank him for the loan of his car prior to the trip. A(1): Hontooni arigato ne= really TF IP (Really, thanks.) B(2): =ie ie tondemonai no no heavens no (No, not at all.) A(3): un soide konaida wa arigato ne and the other day S TF IP (and also thank you, the other day.) B(4): iya iya i[ya] no no no (No, no.) A(5): [tooi]tokoro kara kite kurete far place from come B give-me (Thank you for coming such a long distance.) B(6): iya iya zenzen no no not at all TC2 A: F1(35) B: F2(35) 158

28 Appendix IV 159 B is A s friend. A phones to thank B for sending Michelin guide but in fact A has already made a reservation at a hotel in London. B(1): moshimo::shi= Hello A(2): =moshimoshi Hello B(3): un yeah A(4): /nickname/ mishelan arigatoo B s name Michelin guide TF (B, thanks for the Michelin guide.) B(5): a[::] ie ie no no (Oh, no.) A(6): demo toreta but Pote booked (But I have already booked [a room.]) B(7): toreta? ah Goring? Pote booked [Hotel name] (Have you? Is that Goring?) A(8): unn yeah B(9): Aaa: yoka[tta ne] good IP (Great, isn t it?) A(10): [un] yeah

29 160 Appendix IV TC 3 (leave-taking) continued from TC2 B(1): ja:: kiotsukete ne well then take care IP (Well then, take care.) A(2): un yeah B(3): honto kiotsukete ne nagai kara ne really take care IP long because IP (It s a long way, so really take care.) A(4): un jaa arigatoo: kotoshi yeah well TF this year (Well then, thanks.. during this year.) B(5): [un] yeah A(6): hontooni osewaninatte really T (being looked after) (Thank you really for looking after me.) B(7): tondemona:: i heavens no (Not at all.) A(8): uun arigato ne no TF IP (Oh no, thanks.) TC5 A: M2 (70) B: M3 (65) A and B are voluntary helpers working for a regional community (choonaikai). B gave A a bag of sasakamaboko (a kind of fish cake) worth 1500 ( 80/A$1) as a souvenir the other day. A rang B to thank for the gift. A(5): omiage suimasen ne hontoo ni wa[zawaza] present AP IP really going through the trouble (I m sorry you went to the trouble, and thank you very much [for the present].)

30 Appendix IV 161 B(6): [ieie tondemo]nai desu no no heavens no COP (No, not at all.) A(7): mooshiwakenai itsumo kiotsukatte moratte [???] kakete doomo AP always consideration B receive cause TF/AP (I m sorry and thank you for always considering me.) B(8): honno honno okuchi yogoshi. just just HON mouth dirty (It is just..., nothing s very good.) A(9): iya iya tondemonaidesu yo no no heavens no IP (No, not at all.) B(10): ashita wa? tomorrow S (What about tomorrow?) A(11): e[::] ashita ano[::::] well tomorrow well B(12): etto well TC 6 (leave-taking) continued from TC5 B promised that he would deliver community newspapers. A(1): ma, hitotsu yoroshiku onegaishitokimasu well one RF (Well then, yoroshiku onegaishitokimasu ) B(2): ja:: mooshiwake arimasen well then AP A(3): hai hai hai [doomo doomo] yes yes yes TF/AP

31 162 Appendix IV B(4): [sumimase::n] AP A(5): onegaishimasu RF TC7 A: M4(35) B: M1(35) A and B are friends and have known each other for twenty years. A thanks B for the New Year s cash gift (otoshidama) given to A s daughter when A visited B s office. In Japan, relatives or acquaintances of the family give young children these gifts on New Year s Day. B(1): moshimoshi Hello A(2): moshimoshi e? /family name/? Hello eh? B s name B(3): Oh! doomo doomo TF/AP A(4): denwa arigatoo telephone TF (Thanks for the telephone call.) B(5): oo yeah A(6): konomae wa honto arigatoo ne the other day S really TF IP (Thanks really, you know, for the other day.) B(7): iie tondemonai no heavens no (Not at all.) A(8): otoshidama itadai chatte sa New year money gift HUMB receive regrettably IP (Thanks for the New Year money gift.)

32 Appendix IV 163 B(9): ie ie ie tondemonai tondemonai no no no heavens no heavens no (No, not at all, not at all.) A(10): hontooni isogashii tokoro nandaka really busy time somewhat (We came to see you when you were busy...) B(11): iya iya zenzen zenzen no no not at all not at all (No, not at all.) TC8 (leave-taking) A: F13 (58) B: M3 (66) A and B are committee members of a choonai kai (a regional voluntary group). A phoned B to discuss future plans regarding a helpers group for elderly people. A(1): suimasen jaa:: mooshiwakearimasen AP well then AP B(2): tondemonaidesu heavens no A(3): isogashii noni busy even (I interrupted you when you are busy doing something else.) B(4): jaa:, yoroshiku oneg[aishimasu] well then RF A(5): [ha[::]i ] yoroshiku onegaishimasu yes RF B(6): hai doomo doomo yes TF/AP A(7): doomo TF/AP

33 164 Appendix IV B(8): suimasen AP A(9): doomo yoroshiku onegaishimasu TF/AP RF B(10): arigatoo gozaimashita TF A(11): doomo TF/AP B(12): doomo doomo TF/AP TC10 A:F1(35) B:F3(35) B was looking after A s house while A was overseas. A phoned B to ask whether everything is OK. After a long conversation between A and B, arranging the key to be picked up by A upon her arrival and B s garage sale, etc. B(1): jaa: mata denwashite? kagi wa doo shi tara iino? well then again ring [me] key S how do if good (Well then ring me again. What shall I do with the key?) A(2): kagi wa ne, watashi supea motteru kara= key S IP I a spare have so (I ve got a spare key so...) B(3): =a- motteru no? have IP (oh, do you?) A(4): un yeah B(5): un wakatta. yeah understood (All right.)

34 Appendix IV 165 A(6): daijoobu. [un] fine yeah B(7): [hai] yes A(8): soreja:: gomen ne mata meiwaku kake chatte well then AP IP again trouble caused regrettably (I am sorry I have caused you so much trouble again.) B(9): ie ie aaa gomen ne nagaku na cchatte no no AP IP long become regrettably (no, no... sorry we talked so long.) A(10): uun zenzen zenzen [gomen ne] no not at all AP IP (no, not at all. I am sorry.) B(11): [ha::i ] OK (OK) A(12): arigato ne TF IP (Thanks.) B(13): kiotsukete kite ne? take care come IP (Take a good care of yourself on your way home.) A(14): un arigatoo. yeah TF (Thank you.) B(15): ha:::i ja::ne? OK well then, A(16): ha::i OK

35 166 Appendix IV B(17): jaa mataa baai well then again bye TC11 A: M4(35) B: F2(35) A and B are friends. A called B to thank for a gift. A(1): sorekara ne iroiro nimotsu okutte moratte honto doomo arigatoo and also IP various things send B receive really TF (and thanks for the things you have sent to me.) B(2): aa zenzen zenzen not at all not at all A(3): kinoo sassoku wain itadai [chatta] yesterday soon wine HUMB receive regrettably (I had wine as soon as the parcel arrived yesterday.) B(4): [aaa] yokatta yokatta good good TC12 A: M4(35) B: F4(60) B is A s aunt. A called B to thank for oiwai (money gift, 20,000: 80/A$1). A(6): ah/first name/ obasan desu ka? B s name aunt COP Q (Is it auntie <B s name>?) B(7): un Yeah A(8): anoo ima nimotsu ga todokimashite well now parcel S arrived (The parcel has just arrived and...) B(9): soo o? so Is that so?

36 Appendix IV 167 A(10) arigatoo gozaima[shita] TF (Thank you very much.) B(11): [iyaa] honno chotto [dee] no just a little with (No, it s just a small amount.) A(12): [koko]rozukai itadaite= consideration HUMB receive (Thank you for your consideration.) B(13): =[iya iya ] no no A(14): [hon tooni] iya:: yukide ne ano miugoki torenakute really well snow IP well move can NEG (I can t go anywhere for this snow.) TC13 A: F1(35) B: F4(60) B is a sister of A s father in law. They spoke on the phone for the first time. A phoned B to express her gratitude to B for oiwai (a gift of money 20,000: 80/A$1) for her daughter who was born recently. A(1): moshimoshi hello B(2): aa moshimoshi yes hello A(3): /family name/ degozaimasu A s name HUM COP (My name is A.) B(4): hajimemashite how do you do (How do you do.)

37 168 Appendix IV A(5): doomo hajimemashite. mae wa iroiro oiwai itadaiteimashite TF/AP how do you do before S various gifts HUMB receive (It s nice to have a talk with you for the first time. Previously, we have received various presents from you.) B(6): aa ieie. ahh no, no A(7): mata [konkai mo mata] again this time also again (This time again...) B(8): [iya:::::: ] hazukashii hazukashiin desu kedo ne demo well ashamed ashamed COP but IP but (well... I am embarrassed but...) A(9): arigatoo gozaimasu [hontooni] TF really B(10): [ii::e ] omenikakari tai wa hotooni no HUM meet want IP really (No, I really want to meet you.) TC14 A: F5(55) B: F4(60) B is A s sister-in-law. A rang B to thank for oiwai (a gift of money) and rice crackers sent to congratulate A s son and daughter in-law on the birth of their child. A(1): moshimoshi Hello B(2): hai yes A(3): doomo suimasen desu sanzai kakete AP COP spending money caused (I am so indebted to you for the gifts./ <literally>: I am sorry to have caused you to spend so much.)

38 Appendix IV 169 B(4): iya: ano hazukashii na no, well embarrassing IP (Well, no, I am embarrassed.) A(5): iya:: hontooni arigatoo gozaimasu no really TF (Thank you very much.) B(6): /???/mo hontooni suim[asen ne] really AP IP (I m sorry for that.) A(7): B(8): [nanika] kitsukatte [itadai chatte] somehow consideration HUMB receive regrettably (I m indebted to you for your consideration.) [iya: iya: ]= no no A(9): =hontooni suimasen desu really AP COP B(10): iya:: okashi ga sa:, well snacks S IP (You know the snacks.) TC16 (leave-taking) A: F1(35) B: F3(35) B is A s friend. B is looking after A s house during A s overseas trip. A(1): nee, meiwaku kaketa ne:= IP trouble caused IP (I caused a lot of trouble, didn t I?) B(2): =ie ie no no A(3): u::n, well

39 170 Appendix IV B(4): ja::: sooiu koto[nanode] well then so thing (Well then, as we are saying...) A(5): [un] yeah B(6): [ja::ne:] well then A(7): [bai ba:i] bye bye B(8): arigatoo, [ha::i] TF alright A(9): [bai ba]::i bye bye TC17 A: F6(38) B: M4(35) B, A, and her husband are university classmates. A invited B for a meal the other day, but B could not come. A(1): sumimasen okamae mo nanimo [deki nakute] AP HUM treat even anything can NEG (I am sorry that I did not have a chance to treat you.) B(2): [ie ie ] no no A(3): go ongaeshi mo deki zuni debt-repayment also can NEG (We couldn t repay our debt.) B(4): nan desu ka sore wa? {laugh} what COP Q that S (What are you talking about?)

40 Appendix IV 171 A(5): danna bakkari ne sochira dewa osewani natte iru noni [moo] my husband only IP your place at T (being looked after) but really (My husband is always looked after by you during his visit, it s not fair to you...) B(6): [iya iya] no no tondemonai kondo are desu ne, okane no yoyuu sae are ba heavens no next time that COP IP money LK spare emph. there is if (No, not at all. Next time, whenever you can afford to come to...) A(7): hontooni sore dake desu really that only COP (That is the only problem.) B(8): asobinikite kudasai drop in B give (Please visit us.) A(9): ha::i yes (Sure.) TC18 A: M4(35) B: F7(53) B is A s aunt. A phoned to thank B for oiwai (a gift of money 20,000: 80/A$1) A(1): a- /first name/ desu. A s name COP (Ah, this is A speaking.) B(2): a- SHI[BARAKU:] long time (Ah, haven t seen you for a long time.) A(3): [doomo: ] TF /AP (Hello.)

41 172 Appendix IV B(4): genki deshita? well COP past (How have you been?) A(5): genkide yatte[masu.] well doing (I am doing fine.) B(6): [u::n?] FB A(7): ano oiwai itadaite, well money gift HUMB receive ([Thank you]i have received oiwai.) B(8): [a- i::e, ie ie] ah no no no (no no) A(9): [hontoo doomo] arigatoo gozaimashita really TF B(10): kimochi dake thought only (It is not much.) A(11): ano okite mashita? daijoobu desu ka? ima. well awake being OK COP Q now (Were you awake? Is it OK now [to talk]?) B(12): a- zenzen, okitetano. not at all awake (Not a problem, I was awake.) TC22 A: F1(35) B: F8(75) A phoned to thank B for her hospitality when A stayed at B s house for a couple of days. A(1): moshimoshi obaachan hello granny

42 Appendix IV 173 B(2): a- konbanwa. ah good evening (Good evening.) A(3): konbanwa. konoaida wa osewani narimashita good evening the other day S T (being looked after) (Good evening, thank you very much for looking after us the other day.) B(4): iie ie tondemonai nanno okamai mo deki[nakute] no no heavens no any treat even can NEG (No, not at all, I couldn t do anything for you.) A(5): [ie ie] ie no no no obaachan ippai iroiro kangaete kudasa[tta noni] granny a lot various consider HONB give-me but (No, you ve been very thoughtful to us, but) B(6): [ie ie] no no A(7): /A s daughter s first name/ mo ne are ga dame kore ga dame de hontooni also IP that S no good this S no good with really (<A s daughter s name> for example, couldn t eat this and that, and really...) B(8): demo anta isshookenmei hataraite kurete tasukatta yo but you very hard work B give-me T (being helped) IP (But you worked hard to help me out.) A(9): ie ie ie watashitachi no arede ashi toka itame masen deshita? no no no we LK that foot etc. hurt NEG COP (No, not at all. Did you wear yourself out preparing things for us? I am concerned about your feet.) B(10): ie ie daijoobu yo soide sa hora,(..) Akita kara ippai iroiro okutte itadaite ne no no fine IP and IP you know Akita from a lot various send HUMBreceive IP (No, I m fine. I had a lot of things sent from Akita.) A(11): ee:: FB